精品高中英语语法通霸定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案.docx
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精品高中英语语法通霸定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案
定语从句的用法讲解与专项练习题及答案
第1讲关系词的选择技巧
考点1.相关概念
A.主句、从句、关系词
例句:
ThisistheboywhowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.
主句:
在含有定语从句的复合句中,除去定语从句后的部分,是句子的主句。
(例句中,Thisistheboy.是主句。
)
定语从句:
相当于形容词,修饰主句中的一个名词或代词(有时修饰整个主句,相当于主句的一个定语。
)(例句中,whowonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition是定语从句,修饰theboy。
)
先行词:
先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词等,它总是出现在定语从句的前面。
(例句中,theboy是先行词。
)
关系词:
关系词指用来引导定语从句的词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
(例句中,who是关系代词。
)
关系词的三个作用
i.作定语从句的一个句子成分。
ii.起着连接主句和从句的作用(参看P.10考点5)。
iii.代指被修饰的先行词。
(例句中,who作定语从句的主语,同时起着连接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行词theboy。
)
B.关系代词
i.指人时可以用who,也可用that。
Doyouknowtheboywho/thatismydeskmate?
Themanwho/thatwaskilledintheaccidentisTom’suncle.
ii.指物时可以用which,也可用that。
Ilikevisitingplaceswhich/thatarenotfaraway.
Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday.
iii.whose可以指人也可以指物。
Hewasapainterwhosepictureswerenotwell-knowninhislifetime.
Thetreewhoseleavesareredwasplantedlastyear.
iv.关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
Ilikethemealthat/which/()wehadlastnight.
Doyouknowtheboywho/whom/that/()wetalkedaboutjustnow?
注:
()表示关系代词省略
C.关系副词
关系副词在从句中只能作状语。
when指时间,where指地点,why指原因,how不能作关系词。
如:
1Wewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.
2Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.
3Thatisnoreasonwhyyoushouldleave.
4ThisisthewayhowIdidit.(how不能作关系词)
基础过关
1.用合适的关系词完成句子。
1Theman______/______washereyesterdayisapainter.
2Theman______/______/______/______IsawiscalledSmith.
3Achild______parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
4I’dlikearoom______windowlooksoutoverthesea.
5Aletter______/_____iswritteninpencilishardtoread.
6Theletter______/______/______Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.
7Thatistheboy______/______/______/______youarelookingfor.
8Doyouknowthereason______hewaslateforthemeeting?
9Thisistheschool______Iusedtostudy.
10Istillremembertheday______wemetforthefirsttime.
2.用符号标出下列句子的主句、定语从句、先行词和关系词。
主句:
___定语从句:
()
先行词:
先行词关系词:
例:
Thisisthebook(thatIhavebeenlookingfor).
1Themoviethatwesawlastnightisveryexciting.
2Haveyouboughtthebookwhichwetalkedabout?
3Istillrememberthedaywhichwespenttogetherlastweek.
4Hestilllivesinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.
5TheboywhosefatherisapolicemanspeaksEnglishmostfluentlyinourclass.
6ThegirlwhoyoumetwasJohn’ssister.
7Thereisnoreasonwhyweshouldn’tbefriends.
8Theyarrivedintheearlymorningwhentheskywasstilldark.
9Thedaysweregonewhenwehadtotravelonhorses.
10Isthisthehospitalwhereyouwereborn?
考点2.关系词的选择技巧
A.选用哪个关系词,关键是看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分
含有定语从句的复合句可以分为两部分:
主句和从句。
关系词是定语从句的一个成分。
选用关系词,要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分,而不是看先行词是什么词性。
1HeworkedinthefactorywhichproducesTVsets.
2Heworkedinthefactorywherehisfatherhadworked.
3Iliketheschoolwhichisneartomyhome.
4Iliketheschoolwheremysisterstudies.
在句①和句②中,先行词前都有in,但关系词有用which也有用where的;
在句③和句④中,先行词都是theschool,但关系词有用which也有用where的。
因此,我们可以看出,对关系词起决定性作用的并不是先行词。
在句①和句③中,关系词在定语从句中都是作主语,因此用的都是关系代词which;
在句②和句④中,关系词在定语从句中都是作状语,因此都是用关系副词where。
我们可以看出,用哪个关系词,主要看关系词在定语从句中作什么成分。
B.选用关系词的方法:
一“找”二“还”三“替换”
1.找:
就是先把句子分为主句和从句两部分,再找出先行词和关系词。
(参看本章第1讲)
2.还:
根据先行词提示的意思,大胆地把定语从句还原为完整的一句话。
(可以添词)
3.替换:
用关系词替换定语从句中还原后添加的部分,作主语和宾语用关系代词,作状语用关系副词。
(时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why)(同初中时做的“对画线部分提问”相似,该用what的时候用which/that即可)
例如:
1Thisistheschool______Ioncestudied.
2Thisistheschool______isthemostfamousinthecity.
3Iamstudyingataschool______myfatherteachesEnglish.
找:
(略)
还原:
根据先行词的提示,这三句话的定语从句还原成完整的一句话后分别为:
Ioncestudiedattheschool.
Theschoolisthemostfamousinthecity.
MyfatherteachesEnglishattheschool.
粗斜体部分为根据先行词的意思把关系词还原后的部分。
替换:
根据“对画线部分提问”的规则,1.和3.用where,2.本该用what,在定语从句中该用what的要换为which/that。
因此,答案为:
1.where;2.that/which;3.where
C.关系词一般要位于定语从句的句首
【2009江西】ThehouseIgrewup______hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
答案与分析:
A没有关系词,不能连接两句话;C介词后不能用that;D关系词一般不位于句末;而B可以看作是关系代词作宾语、放在句首并且省略了。
因此选B。
利用一“找”二“还”三“替换”的方法选择关系词
1.Isthisthereason______heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
2.Isthisthereason______hewassocarelessinhiswork?
A.thatB.whatC.howD.why
3.Thereason______hedidn’tcomewas______hewasill.
A.why;thatB.that;why
C.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what
4.Helivesinavillage______isnotfarfromthecity.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
5.Helivesinthevillage______hewasborn.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whose
6.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______couldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
7.Inanhour,wetraveltoplaces______wecanrelaxandgetrefreshed.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
8.I’llneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether.
A.thatB./C.whenD.AandB
9.【2014湖南】Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.
A.asB.whyC.whenD.where
10.Ifwewanttohaveabrightfuture,wemustlearntoactinways______donotdoharmtootherlivingthings.
A.inwhichB./C.howD.that
11.Isthisthefactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whenB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
12.Isthisfactory______colorTVsetsareproduced?
A.whichB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
13.Thisisthefactory______producescolorTVsets.
A.whereB.theonewhere
C.thatD.inwhich
14.【2010天津】—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?
—Youshouldtrythebarber’s______Igo.It’sonly15.
A.asB.whichC.whereD.that
15.【2011陕西】Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.
A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that
16.【2011福建】Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
17.【2012江西】By16:
30,______wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
A.whichB.whenC.whatD.that
18.【2013山东】Finallyhereachedalonelyisland______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.where
C.whichD.whom
I.单句改错
1.【2010重庆】Firstly,afriendissomeoneyoucanshareyoursecrets.
2.【2010重庆】Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.
3.【2006江西】Ireadyoure-mailtoqq329950885myparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.
4.Ioftenthinkofthedayswhenwespentontheislandtogether.
5.Thisisthemuseumwhereyouvisitedtheotherday.
6.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,whereIlefttenyearsago?
II.语法填空(每空至多填三词)
7.【2014新课标Ⅰ】Maybeyouhaveahabit______isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.
8.【2014广东】Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach______wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.
9.【2014湖南】Peopleshouldnotdothings______willdisturbtheirneighborsunnecessarily.
10.【2014安徽】Theexactyear______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.
11.【2015课标Ⅰ】I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver______arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.
12.【2015广东】Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket______peoplefromthetownmetregularly.
III.写作技能提升
13.【2012上海】在展览会上,公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。
(demonstrate)
14.这本书对我帮助很大,特别是在好印象是必须的工作中。
(helpgreatly,expression,amust)
15.我认为学生应当参加社区活动,在活动中他们可以为成长获得经验。
(involveoneselfin,communityactivities,gainexperience)
16.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。
第2讲只能用that不能用which的情况
考点1.先行词是anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词时
1.Heneverreadsanything______isnotworthreading.
A.whichB.asC.whoD.that
2.【2010全国2】Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething______wassomeoneelse’sfault.
A.whoB.thatC.asD.what
考点2.先行词是all,much,little,none或先行词被all,much,little,no,any修饰时
3.Thereisnotmuch______canbedone.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how
4.Thereisnodifficulty______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
5.【2014陕西】Pleasesendusalltheinformation______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
6.Youcantakeanyseat______isfree.
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
考点3.先行词被最高级、序数词以及thefirst,thelast,thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时
7.Themostimportantthing______weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.
A.which;thatB.that;which
C.which;whichD.that;that
8.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.
A.thatB.itC.whichwho
9.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom
10.Thisisthelasttime______Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what
11.It’sthethirdtime______latethismonth.
A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived
C.thatyou’vearrivedD.whenyou’vearrived
考点4.先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词用that
12.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.
A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that
13.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons______theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
考点5.关系代词在从句中作表语或therebe结构中的实意主语时,that可指人或物,且通常省略
(概括为:
在从句中位于be后。
此条仅作了解)
Hestilltalksliketheman(that)hewastenyearsago.
他谈起话来仍像十年前一样。
Thetrainisthefastesttrain(that)therehaseverbeen.
这列火车是有史以来最快的火车。
14.Sheisnolongerthesweetgirl______sheusedtobe.
A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that
考点6.当先行词前面有which,who等疑问代词时,为避免重复,用关系代词that
同理,当先行词是that,those时,常用关系代词which或who。
如:
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?
在桌子底下的那些东西是