中考总复习之名词 讲解+练习.docx

中考总复习之名词 讲解+练习.docx

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中考总复习之名词讲解+练习

中考语法专项-----名词

一．名词的分类

按照意义分为专有名词和普通名词

1.专有名词

定义：

表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。

1.表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词

如：

China中国　Asia亚洲　Beijing北京PacificOcean太平洋Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰

2.表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词　

例：

ChinaDaily中国日报　

3.表示星期和月份的专有名词：

注意：

1.专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。

如：

theGreatWall（长城）thePeople’sRepublicofChina 中华人民共和国

　　2.姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）

如：

theGreens（格林一家人）。

2.普通名词

可数名词：

有单,复数之分,表示一个或多个。

　　例如：

abook一本书　twobooks两本书

不可数名词：

不分单,复数。

　中学常见的不可数名词：

food,meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,mutton,drink,orange,milk,tea,water,rice,bread,homework,news,paper,ice,rain,snow,wind,cloud,air,weather,music,information,fun,work,advice,sand,sugar,furniture

　　有少数名词既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。

英语

可数

不可数

英语

可数

不可数

glass

experience

paper

room

orange

beauty

exercise

success

数词+量词+of+名词

如：

随堂练习

1.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.

A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges

2.Helpyourselfto__________.

A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples

3.“Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?

”“________,please.”

A.ThreecoffeesB.CoffeesC.AcoffeeD.Threecupsofcoffees

4.What___lovelyweatheritis!

A./B.theC.anD.a

5.-Wouldyoulike___tea?

-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.

A.any,bottlesoforangeB.any,bottleoforange

C.some,bottlesoforangesD.some,bottlesoforange

6.Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.

A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads

7.Iwouldliketohave___.

A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkIC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks

8.Canyougiveme____?

A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea

9.Pleasegiveme___paper.

A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof

10.Thistableismadeof___.

A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass

11.-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?

-I'dlike____.!

A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken

12.Childrenshouldmake____foroldpeopleinabus.

A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom

10.Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.

A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes

二．名词的数

英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式,

单数表示一个人或事物

如:

apen,abed,aroom,anEnglishbook。

复数　表示一个以上的人或事物用复数形式。

（一）名词复数形式规则变化如下：

情况

构成方法

例词

一般情况

在词尾加-s

desk→map→day→

以结尾的词

在词尾加-es

bus→box→dish→watch→

以辅音字母加y结尾的词

city→factory→party→

baby→company→

以元音字母y结尾的词

day→boy→key→

以f或fe结尾的词

变f或fe为

knife→life→wife→

half→thief→shelf→

leaf→wife→wolf→

　1）stomach的复数为

　2）极少数名词以-f结尾,变成复数则只加-s,如：

roof→proof→belief→

　3）名词以-0结尾的:

1.加–es,如：

2.其余加–s,如：

（二）名词复数形式不规则变化

1）改-a为-e:

man→woman→policeman→spaceman→

2）改-oo为-ee:

foot→tooth→goose→

3）国人的变化：

4）单复数同形:

Chinese→Japanese→sheep→deer→fish→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　a.英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。

　　scissorstrousersclothesglassesshoessucksgloves

b.有些名词以-s结尾，但表达的为单数含义，如：

news,maths,politics,physics,theUnitedStates

c.一些名词以复数形式出现时，意义产生变化：

练习时间

1.Maths________noteasytolearn.

A.areB.isC.amD.were

2.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_____.（2010成都）

A．leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave

3.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?

A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe

4._____are____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using

5.Whatbig____thetigerhas!

A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes

6.Onthetabletherearefive____.

A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato

7.-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?

-I'vegotfive.

A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken

8.Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies

9.Inthepicturetherearemany____andtwo.

A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxesB.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs

三．名词的所有格

名词的所有格:

名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。

一、有生命的名词的所有格

1）在名词后加s

　　LuXun'sbook　　　　　　　myfather'sroom.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加"'"。

students'exercisebookstheteachers’office　

3）不以-s结尾的复数名词，直接加’s,如：

theChildren’sPalace

4）用and连接的两个名词：

a.

b.

5）表示某人家、店铺、等生活、工作场所的所以格后的名词常省略：

atMr.Wang’satthedoctor’satthetailor’s

atthebarber’s

6）在表示时间、距离、重量等无生命的名词后面，加’s表示所有格：

today’snewspaper15minutes’walkapound’sweight

7）节日的表达法：

二、无生命的名词的所有格，用of+名词表示:

thedoorofourclassroomthecolourofourdesks　　

三、双重所有格，of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格，如：

afriendofhersafriendofMike’safriendmyfather’s

someinventionsofEdison’s　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

练习时间：

1.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.

A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk

2.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.

A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's

3.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.

A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf

4.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.

A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeterC.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s

5.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.

A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s

6.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.

A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s

7.September10this____inChina.

A.Teacher'sDayB.Teachers'DayC.TeacherDayD.TeachersDay

8.Excuseme,whereisthe___?

A.men'sroomB.mens'roomC.men'sroomsD.menrooms

9.Thefootballunderthebedis____.

A.LilyandLucyB.Lily'sandLucy'sC.Lily'sandLucyD.LilyandLucy's

10.Joanis____.

A.Mary'sandJacksisterB.MaryandJack'ssister

C.MaryandJacksisterD.Mary'sandJack'ssister

11.Inafew____time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.

A.yearB.years'C.year'sD.years

12.It'sabout___walkfrommyhouse.

A.tenminuteB.tenminutes'C.tenminute'sD.tenminutes

13.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_____.

A.thirtyminutes'swalkB.thirtyminute'swalkC.thirtyminutes'walkD.thirtyminuteswalk

14.Half___telephonecallsaremadeinEnglish.

A.theworldB.worldC.theworld'sD.world's

15.____facetothesouth.

A.WindowsoftheroomB.Thewindowsoftheroom

C.Theroom'swindowsD.Thewindowsinroom

16.MissSmithisafriendof____.

A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.mother'sofMaryD.Marymothers

17.Thisisabookof___.

A.TomB.Tom'sC.herD.him

18.Thepostcardissentby____.

A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfather'sC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriend's

II.完形填空。

James’fatherdroveJamesandhiscousinstoamountainforsummercamp.Aftertheyarrivedatthemountain,thekidssetuptheirtents（帐篷）1thehelpofJames’father.

Onthefirstday,theysawasmalltigerneartheirtents.It2walk,becauseithadhurtitsleg.As3lovers,thekidsdecidedtohelpthesmalltigerandkeepitwiththem.Twodayslater,thesmalltigergotbetter.Itbecamefriendlywiththekids,4withJames.

Onthemorningofthefifthday,theyheardtheroaringofa（n）5.Theygotupquickly.Thentheysawabigtigernearby.Everyonestayedintheirtentsand6thebigtiger.ThebigtigerstartedtoattackJamesfirst.Jamesfeltso7.Atthatmoment,thesmalltigercameoutofJames’tent.Whenthebigtigersawthesmalltiger,it8attackingJames.

Seeingthelovebetweenthebigtigerandthesmalltiger,thekidsthoughttheymightbefatherandson.Thesmalltiger9somethingtothebigtigerintheirownlanguage.Thenthebigtigercameandlicked（舔）James’face.Itseemedthatitwassaying10toJamesfortakingcareofitskid.ItwasreallyanunforgettablemomentforJames.

（）1.A.forB.underC.fromD.with

（）2.A.wasusedtoB.wasunabletoC.waswillingtoD.wassupposedto

（）3.A.mountainB.animalC.campD.sports

（）4.A.possiblyB.especiallyC.normallyD.specifically

（）5.A.lionB.bearC.tigerD.elephant

（）6.A.invitedB.chasedC.followedD.watched

（）7.A.excitedB.relaxedC.scaredD.tired

（）8.A.keptB.consideredC.stoppedD.enjoyed

（）9.A.toldB.taughtC.solvedD.passed

（）10.A.thanksB.sorryC.helloD.goodbye

阅读理解

[易读度★★★☆☆]

Ilookedatthewordsonthepage.Iknewhowtoreadthem,butmymouthwouldn’twork.Iwassittinginmythirdgradeclassroom.Myfamilyhadrecentlymoved,sonooneatmynewschoolknewmewell.Myteacherhadjustaskedmetoreadsometextoutloud.Thewholeclasswaswaitingformetobegin.

Ijustsatthere.Somestudentsstartedtolaugh.“What’swrongwithher?

”oneboysaid.“Maybeshecan’tread!

”saidanotherstudent.

Ioftenfacedsituationslikethisduringmyelementaryschoolandmiddleschoolyears.Why?

Ihadastutter（口吃）.WhenIfeltrelaxed,Ihadnotroublespeaking.ButifIfeltnervous,nosoundwouldcomeoutofmymouth.Becauseofthisproblem,Ioftenfeltembarrassedatschool.Ijustdidn’tfeelnormal.

Thankfully,myelementaryschoolandmiddleschoolbothofferedfreespeechtreatment（治疗）.Ithelpedmealot.Ilearnedusefulwaysthathelpedmetorelax