职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051420.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051420
职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-20
1、IwasshockedwhenIsawthesizeofthetelephonebill.【单选题】
A.surprised
B.lost
C.excite
D.angry
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
题干大意：
当我看到电话账单的数目时，我震惊了。
句中shock的意思是“震惊”，surprise（惊讶）与之同义。
lost作动词时意思是“遗失，丢失”，作形容词时意思是“遗失的”或“迷惑的”。
excite：
使……兴奋；angry：
气愤的。
2、AIDSisafataldisease.【单选题】
A.dead
B.deadly
C.dying
D.died
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
fatal：
致命，形容词做定语；dead:
死了的；dying:
垂死的；died是动词的过去式，不能做定语；只有deadly和fatal的意思是一致的。
3、Theplotofthebookisincredible.【单选题】
A.unbelievable
B.undoubted
C.unquestionable
D.inevitable
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
incredible和unbelievable是同义词，表示“令人难以置信的”；undoubted和unquestionable都表示“毫无疑问的”；inevitable:
不可避免。
4、Thedirectorofthefactoryfeltnoindividualresponsibilityforthedeficit.【单选题】
A.undivided
B.indicative
C.personal
D.personnel
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
individual和personal都表示“个人的”；undivided:
不分割的；indicative:
陈述的；personnel是名词，表示“人员、职员”。
5、Howdoyouaccountforyourabsencefromtheclassthismorning?
【单选题】
A.explain
B.expand
C.examine
D.review
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
accountfor:
解释、说明，等于explain;expand:
扩展；examine：
检查；review:
复习。
6、Africanwilddog
Findingababysitterwhileyougoouttoworkis,forexample,aninconvenience.FortheAfricanwilddog,oneofthecontinent＇smostendangeredcarnivores（食肉动物）,it＇samatteroflifeanddeath.Anewresearchshowsthatoncepacks（兽群）fallbelowacertainsize,theyarenotenoughanimalstobothhuntfoodandstayathomeprotectingtheyoung.
TheAfricanwilddoghasdeclineddrasticallyoverthepastcentury.Habitualloss（栖息地的丧失）,persecutionandunexplainedoutbreaksofdiseasehaveallbeenblamed.Only3,000to5,000animalsremain,andthespeciesisexpectedtogoextinctwithindecadesifthetrendcontinues.
Otherlargecarnivoressuchasthespottedhyena（鬣狗）facesimilarpressures,yetarenotdeclining.NowFranckCourchampofCambridgeUniversityhasfoundareasonwhy.Thedog＇sweaknessliesinitssocialorganization.
Withineachpackofupto20adultsandpups,onlythedominantmaleandfemalebreed.Theremaininganimalshelpraisethepups,cooperatingtohuntpreyanddefendthekillfromothercarnivores.
Becausepupscan＇tkeepuponahunt,largepacksleaveanadultbehindtoprotectthemfrompredators（捕猎者）,whichincludelionsandhyenas.Butleavingababysitteralsocarriescosts.Asmallerhuntingpartyislessabletotacklelargepreyandtodefendthekill.Thereisalsoonelessstomachinwhichtocarryfoodbacktotheden,andonemoremouthtofeedwhentheygetthere.
Courchampinvestigatedthisawkwardtrade-off（权衡）bymodelinghowthecostsofababysitterchangewithdecreasingpacksize.Thisshowedthatpacksofmorethanfiveadultsshouldbeabletofeedallthepupsandstillspareababysitter.Butwithsmallerpacks,eitherthehuntingorthebabysittingsuffers,ortheanimalshavetocompensatebyincreasingthenumberofhuntingexcursionswhichitselfcarriesacosttothepack.
FieldobservationsinZimbabwesupportedthemodel.Packsoffiveanimalsorfewerleftpupsunguardedmorefrequentlythanlargerpacksdid.Therewasalsoevidencethatwhentheydidleaveababysitter,theywereforcedtohuntmoreoften.
Apackwhichdropsbelowacriticalsizebecomescaughtinaviciouscircle（恶性循环）,saysCourchamp,whoisnowatParis-SudUniversity."Poorreproductionandlowsurvivalfurtherreducespacksize,culminatingin（最终造成）failureofthewholepack."Anddeathscausedbyhumanactivity,saysCourchamp,maybewhatreducepacknumberstobelowthesustamablethreshold.MammalecologistChrisCarboneatLondon＇sInstituteofZoologyagrees.Maintainingtheintegrityofwilddogpackswillbevitalinpreservingthespecies,hesays.
StepswillbetakentoprotecttheAfricanwilddog.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
文章最后一句话意思是“他说，保持非洲野狗群的完整对保护该物种是重要的”。
但文章没有说将采取何种措施保护非洲野狗。
7、SleepingGiant
Rightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,thepark＇smostfamousgeyser,OldFaithful,willbegingurglingboilingwaterandsteam._____.
OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight;it＇salsoaconstantreminderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.Ifyou＇veneverheardofYellowstone＇svolcano,you＇renotalone.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous（不显眼的）thatfewpeopleknowitexists.Yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelast2millionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.
Yellowstone＇svolcanoissometimescalleda"supervolcano,"orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth＇smantle.JohnValley,volcanoprofessor,saidthatasthecrustmovesacrossahotspot,thehotspotmeltsa.sectionoftheplatemovingoverit,forming"onevolcanoafteranother."
TheYellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophiceruptions.AccordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasinandaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptioninrecordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,producedatleastl,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthewesternhalfoftheUnitedStates.ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.
GeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblownitsstackevery700,000yearsorso."Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,wewouldbeclueforanothereruptionsoon,"saidValley."However,theseprocessesaresubjecttovariability,sowedon＇treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen."
WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktotirepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone＇sdiversewildlife.
【单选题】
A.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.
B.ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.
C.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous（不显眼的）thatfewpeopleknowitexists.
D.Then,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.
E.WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktotirepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.
F.YellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestofgeologiststheworldover.
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
第1段第2句说，在随后的两个小时的某一时刻，间歇泉会涌出沸水和蒸汽。
后续句应该是选项D。
boilingwater变成fountain，shoothighintotheair。
8、LifeatAichiUniversity
I＇mYamamotoMika,a22yearsoldJapanesegirl.I＇dliketoinviteyoutoAichiUniversitysoyoucanunderstandmylife.
OuruniversityhasacloserelationshipwithChinaandmydepartmentistheonlyoneofitskindinJapan.MycoursesincludetheChineselanguage,modernChinesepoliticsandeconomics.IloveChinesecultureandIhavebeentoTianjinasanexchangestudent.
InJapan,ourcoursesaredividedintocompulsory,optionalandspecializedcourses.However,wehaveaflexibleschedule.Wecanchooseclassesfromawiderangeofoptions.
Manystudentsfinishthecompulsorycoursesinthreeyearssothattheycanhaveoneyearwithoutanyclasses.Theyoftenusethisperiodoftimetostudyabroad,conductresearchandtravel.Manystudentsevensuspendtheirstudyforadditionalstudy-abroadopportunities,
Japaneseuniversitiesencouragestudentstochoosetheirownwaysofstudy,soitisquiteeasyforustoapplyforstudysuspension.
Japanesestudentsparticipateinvariouskindsofextracurricular（课外的）activities.Theyattendclubsfromelementaryschools,somanystudentshavealreadybeenaccustomedtoclubswhentheyenteruniversity.
Ouruniversitynowhas42artclubsand45sportsclubs.TheannualUniversityFestivalisthegrandestcarnival（狂欢节）ofJapaneseuniversities.Inthefestival,studentspromotetheirclubsandorganizevariousactivities.Ouruniversity＇sfestivalattractedabout150,000peoplelastyear.Ireallylikethisfestival.
Whenwepromoteourclubs,wecook"tonnjiru",akindofporksoup,andsellittootherstudentsatthefair.
Wealsogotodifferentplacestointerviewcelebrities（名人）whoattendourfestivalasguests.Itisawonderfulexperiencetotalktothosestarsfacetoface.
Japanesestudentsliketoholdparties.Wehavetwokindsofparties.OneistheMochivoriparty.Ifyouwanttoattendthispartyyouhavetocooksomethingandtakeittotheparty.Theorganizerbuysdrinksandsnacks.
TheotherkindofpartyistheNomikai,whichmainlyinvolvesalcohol.Wedrinksomethingcalledchu-hai,whichisacombinationofsodaandwine.WealsodrinkJapanesesake（日本米酒）andbeer.Therearepartiesformanyoccasions,likewelcomingnewstudents,celebratingvictoriesandbirthdaypartiesorjustforpromotingfriendship.
ManyJapanesestudentsfinishtheircompulsorycoursesinthreeyearsbecause____.【单选题】
A.theywanttogetmarried
B.theywanttostayathome
C.theywanttomakemoney
D.theywanttostudyabroad
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
本题有一定难度，需要认真阅读文章，答案依据在文章第四段。
第四段前两句谈到，许多学生在三年内读完必修课，就利用最后一年去留学，所以答案是D，本题也可先看选项，得到信息提示。
9、GunRightsintheUS
ImmediatelyaftertheshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgatheredtomourn（致哀）thedead.Thepresidentandthestategovernerbothhurriedtheretosharethegrief.ButthemajorityofAmericansstillclingtotheirrighttoownweapons.
Strictlyspeaking,theUSisnottheonlycountryheregunviolencehasdestroyedlives,familiesandcommunitiesineverydaycircumstance.ButtheUSisoneofthefewc
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