职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051420.docx
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职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案051420
职称英语考试《理工类》历年真题精选及答案0514-20
1、IwasshockedwhenIsawthesizeofthetelephonebill.【单选题】
A.surprised
B.lost
C.excite
D.angry
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
题干大意:
当我看到电话账单的数目时,我震惊了。
句中shock的意思是“震惊”,surprise(惊讶)与之同义。
lost作动词时意思是“遗失,丢失”,作形容词时意思是“遗失的”或“迷惑的”。
excite:
使……兴奋;angry:
气愤的。
2、AIDSisafataldisease.【单选题】
A.dead
B.deadly
C.dying
D.died
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
fatal:
致命,形容词做定语;dead:
死了的;dying:
垂死的;died是动词的过去式,不能做定语;只有deadly和fatal的意思是一致的。
3、Theplotofthebookisincredible.【单选题】
A.unbelievable
B.undoubted
C.unquestionable
D.inevitable
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
incredible和unbelievable是同义词,表示“令人难以置信的”;undoubted和unquestionable都表示“毫无疑问的”;inevitable:
不可避免。
4、Thedirectorofthefactoryfeltnoindividualresponsibilityforthedeficit.【单选题】
A.undivided
B.indicative
C.personal
D.personnel
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
individual和personal都表示“个人的”;undivided:
不分割的;indicative:
陈述的;personnel是名词,表示“人员、职员”。
5、Howdoyouaccountforyourabsencefromtheclassthismorning?
【单选题】
A.explain
B.expand
C.examine
D.review
正确答案:
A
答案解析:
accountfor:
解释、说明,等于explain;expand:
扩展;examine:
检查;review:
复习。
6、Africanwilddog
Findingababysitterwhileyougoouttoworkis,forexample,aninconvenience.FortheAfricanwilddog,oneofthecontinent'smostendangeredcarnivores(食肉动物),it'samatteroflifeanddeath.Anewresearchshowsthatoncepacks(兽群)fallbelowacertainsize,theyarenotenoughanimalstobothhuntfoodandstayathomeprotectingtheyoung.
TheAfricanwilddoghasdeclineddrasticallyoverthepastcentury.Habitualloss(栖息地的丧失),persecutionandunexplainedoutbreaksofdiseasehaveallbeenblamed.Only3,000to5,000animalsremain,andthespeciesisexpectedtogoextinctwithindecadesifthetrendcontinues.
Otherlargecarnivoressuchasthespottedhyena(鬣狗)facesimilarpressures,yetarenotdeclining.NowFranckCourchampofCambridgeUniversityhasfoundareasonwhy.Thedog'sweaknessliesinitssocialorganization.
Withineachpackofupto20adultsandpups,onlythedominantmaleandfemalebreed.Theremaininganimalshelpraisethepups,cooperatingtohuntpreyanddefendthekillfromothercarnivores.
Becausepupscan'tkeepuponahunt,largepacksleaveanadultbehindtoprotectthemfrompredators(捕猎者),whichincludelionsandhyenas.Butleavingababysitteralsocarriescosts.Asmallerhuntingpartyislessabletotacklelargepreyandtodefendthekill.Thereisalsoonelessstomachinwhichtocarryfoodbacktotheden,andonemoremouthtofeedwhentheygetthere.
Courchampinvestigatedthisawkwardtrade-off(权衡)bymodelinghowthecostsofababysitterchangewithdecreasingpacksize.Thisshowedthatpacksofmorethanfiveadultsshouldbeabletofeedallthepupsandstillspareababysitter.Butwithsmallerpacks,eitherthehuntingorthebabysittingsuffers,ortheanimalshavetocompensatebyincreasingthenumberofhuntingexcursionswhichitselfcarriesacosttothepack.
FieldobservationsinZimbabwesupportedthemodel.Packsoffiveanimalsorfewerleftpupsunguardedmorefrequentlythanlargerpacksdid.Therewasalsoevidencethatwhentheydidleaveababysitter,theywereforcedtohuntmoreoften.
Apackwhichdropsbelowacriticalsizebecomescaughtinaviciouscircle(恶性循环),saysCourchamp,whoisnowatParis-SudUniversity."Poorreproductionandlowsurvivalfurtherreducespacksize,culminatingin(最终造成)failureofthewholepack."Anddeathscausedbyhumanactivity,saysCourchamp,maybewhatreducepacknumberstobelowthesustamablethreshold.MammalecologistChrisCarboneatLondon'sInstituteofZoologyagrees.Maintainingtheintegrityofwilddogpackswillbevitalinpreservingthespecies,hesays.
StepswillbetakentoprotecttheAfricanwilddog.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
C
答案解析:
文章最后一句话意思是“他说,保持非洲野狗群的完整对保护该物种是重要的”。
但文章没有说将采取何种措施保护非洲野狗。
7、SleepingGiant
Rightnow,aneruptionisbrewinginYellowstoneNationalPark.Sometimeduringthenexttwohours,thepark'smostfamousgeyser,OldFaithful,willbegingurglingboilingwaterandsteam._____.
OldFaithfulisnotonlyaspectacularsight;it'salsoaconstantreminderthatYellowstonesitsononeofthelargestvolcanoesintheworld.Ifyou'veneverheardofYellowstone'svolcano,you'renotalone.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不显眼的)thatfewpeopleknowitexists.Yetithaseruptedthreetimesduringthelast2millionyears.AndoneofthoseeruptionsspewedenoughvolcanicashandotherdebristoblankethalftheUnitedStates.
Yellowstone'svolcanoissometimescalleda"supervolcano,"orextremelylargeandexplosivecalderavolcano.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.Thissupervolcanoformedoverahotspot,anextremelyhotareainEarth'smantle.JohnValley,volcanoprofessor,saidthatasthecrustmovesacrossahotspot,thehotspotmeltsa.sectionoftheplatemovingoverit,forming"onevolcanoafteranother."
TheYellowstonehotspotmeltsthickcontinentalcrust,whichmaycausecatastrophiceruptions.AccordingtoexpertstheeruptionsthatcreatedeachofthethreecalderasinandaroundYellowstoneNationalParkwerelargerthananyothervolcaniceruptioninrecordedhistory.Themostrecenteruption,whichhappened640,000yearsago,producedatleastl,000cubickilometersofashanddebris,whichblanketedmostofthewesternhalfoftheUnitedStates.ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.
GeologicalevidenceshowsYellowstonehasblownitsstackevery700,000yearsorso."Ifnatureweretrulythatregularandreliable,wewouldbeclueforanothereruptionsoon,"saidValley."However,theseprocessesaresubjecttovariability,sowedon'treallyknowwhenthenexteruptionwillhappen."
WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktotirepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.Itisthevolcanicenergythatpowersthegeysersandhotsprings,createsthemountainsandcanyons,andgeneratestheuniqueecosystemsthatsupportYellowstone'sdiversewildlife.
【单选题】
A.ThreecalderasmakeupmorethanathirdofYellowstoneNationalPark.
B.ThefirstYellowstoneeruption,2millionyearsago,releasedmorethandoublethatamountofashanddebris.
C.Thevolcanoissoinconspicuous(不显眼的)thatfewpeopleknowitexists.
D.Then,anenormousfountainwillshoothighintotheair.
E.WhiletheactivegeologistprocessesatYellowstonedoposesomerisktotirepublic,theyalsomakeitauniquetreasure.
F.YellowstoneNationalParkattractstheinterestofgeologiststheworldover.
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
第1段第2句说,在随后的两个小时的某一时刻,间歇泉会涌出沸水和蒸汽。
后续句应该是选项D。
boilingwater变成fountain,shoothighintotheair。
8、LifeatAichiUniversity
I'mYamamotoMika,a22yearsoldJapanesegirl.I'dliketoinviteyoutoAichiUniversitysoyoucanunderstandmylife.
OuruniversityhasacloserelationshipwithChinaandmydepartmentistheonlyoneofitskindinJapan.MycoursesincludetheChineselanguage,modernChinesepoliticsandeconomics.IloveChinesecultureandIhavebeentoTianjinasanexchangestudent.
InJapan,ourcoursesaredividedintocompulsory,optionalandspecializedcourses.However,wehaveaflexibleschedule.Wecanchooseclassesfromawiderangeofoptions.
Manystudentsfinishthecompulsorycoursesinthreeyearssothattheycanhaveoneyearwithoutanyclasses.Theyoftenusethisperiodoftimetostudyabroad,conductresearchandtravel.Manystudentsevensuspendtheirstudyforadditionalstudy-abroadopportunities,
Japaneseuniversitiesencouragestudentstochoosetheirownwaysofstudy,soitisquiteeasyforustoapplyforstudysuspension.
Japanesestudentsparticipateinvariouskindsofextracurricular(课外的)activities.Theyattendclubsfromelementaryschools,somanystudentshavealreadybeenaccustomedtoclubswhentheyenteruniversity.
Ouruniversitynowhas42artclubsand45sportsclubs.TheannualUniversityFestivalisthegrandestcarnival(狂欢节)ofJapaneseuniversities.Inthefestival,studentspromotetheirclubsandorganizevariousactivities.Ouruniversity'sfestivalattractedabout150,000peoplelastyear.Ireallylikethisfestival.
Whenwepromoteourclubs,wecook"tonnjiru",akindofporksoup,andsellittootherstudentsatthefair.
Wealsogotodifferentplacestointerviewcelebrities(名人)whoattendourfestivalasguests.Itisawonderfulexperiencetotalktothosestarsfacetoface.
Japanesestudentsliketoholdparties.Wehavetwokindsofparties.OneistheMochivoriparty.Ifyouwanttoattendthispartyyouhavetocooksomethingandtakeittotheparty.Theorganizerbuysdrinksandsnacks.
TheotherkindofpartyistheNomikai,whichmainlyinvolvesalcohol.Wedrinksomethingcalledchu-hai,whichisacombinationofsodaandwine.WealsodrinkJapanesesake(日本米酒)andbeer.Therearepartiesformanyoccasions,likewelcomingnewstudents,celebratingvictoriesandbirthdaypartiesorjustforpromotingfriendship.
ManyJapanesestudentsfinishtheircompulsorycoursesinthreeyearsbecause____.【单选题】
A.theywanttogetmarried
B.theywanttostayathome
C.theywanttomakemoney
D.theywanttostudyabroad
正确答案:
D
答案解析:
本题有一定难度,需要认真阅读文章,答案依据在文章第四段。
第四段前两句谈到,许多学生在三年内读完必修课,就利用最后一年去留学,所以答案是D,本题也可先看选项,得到信息提示。
9、GunRightsintheUS
ImmediatelyaftertheshootingatVirginiaTechUniversity,Americansgatheredtomourn(致哀)thedead.Thepresidentandthestategovernerbothhurriedtheretosharethegrief.ButthemajorityofAmericansstillclingtotheirrighttoownweapons.
Strictlyspeaking,theUSisnottheonlycountryheregunviolencehasdestroyedlives,familiesandcommunitiesineverydaycircumstance.ButtheUSisoneofthefewc