经济学原理对应练习01.doc

经济学原理对应练习01.doc

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Chapter1/TenPrinciplesofEconomics v 63

1. ThewordthatcomesfromtheGreekwordfor"onewhomanagesahousehold"is

a. market.

b. consumer.

c. producer.

d. economy.

2. Theword“economy”comesfromtheGreekwordoikonomos,whichmeans

a. “environment.”

b. “production.”

c. “onewhomanagesahousehold.”

d. “onewhomakesdecisions.”

3. Resourcesare

a. scarceforhouseholdsbutplentifulforeconomies.

b. plentifulforhouseholdsbutscarceforeconomies.

c. scarceforhouseholdsandscarceforeconomies.

d. plentifulforhouseholdsandplentifulforeconomies.

4. Economicsdealsprimarilywiththeconceptof

a. scarcity.

b. poverty.

c. change.

d. power.

5. Whichofthefollowingquestionsisnotansweredbythedecisionsthateverysocietymustmake?

a. Whatdeterminesconsumerpreferences?

b. Whatgoodswillbeproduced?

c. Whowillproducethegoods?

d. Whowillconsumethegoods?

6. Theoverridingreasonastowhyhouseholdsandsocietiesfacemanydecisionsisthat

a. resourcesarescarce.

b. goodsandservicesarenotscarce.

c. incomesfluctuatewithbusinesscycles.

d. people,bynature,tendtodisagree.

7. Thephenomenonofscarcitystemsfromthefactthat

a. mosteconomies’productionmethodsarenotverygood.

b. inmosteconomies,wealthypeopleconsumedisproportionatequantitiesofgoodsandservices.

c. governmentsrestrictsproductionoftoomanygoodsandservices.

d. resourcesarelimited.

8. Approximatelywhatpercentageoftheworld'seconomiesexperiencescarcity?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 100%

9. Whenasocietycannotproduceallthegoodsandservicespeoplewishtohave,itissaidthattheeconomyisexperiencing

a. scarcity.

b. shortages.

c. inefficiencies.

d. inequities.

10. Forsociety,agoodisnotscarceif

a. atleastoneindividualinsocietycanobtainallheorshewantsofthegood.

b. firmsareproducingthegoodatfullcapacity.

c. allmembersofsocietycanhavealltheywantofthegood.

d. thosewhohaveenoughincomecanbuyalltheywantofthegood.

11. Whichofthefollowingproductswouldbeconsideredscarce?

a. golfclubs

b. Picassopaintings

c. apples

d. Alloftheabovearecorrect.

12. Economicsisthestudyof

a. productionmethods.

b. howsocietymanagesitsscarceresources.

c. howhouseholdsdecidewhoperformswhichtasks.

d. theinteractionofbusinessandgovernment.

14. Inmostsocieties,resourcesareallocatedby

a. asinglecentralplanner.

b. asmallnumberofcentralplanners.

c. thosefirmsthatuseresourcestoprovidegoodsandservices.

d. thecombinedactionsofmillionsofhouseholdsandfirms.

15. Theadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch,"isusedtoillustratetheprinciplethat

a. goodsarescarce.

b. peoplefacetradeoffs.（togetsomethingwelike,weusuallyhavetogiveupanotherthingwelike）

c. incomemustbeearned.

d. householdsfacemanydecisions.

18. Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentstheprinciplerepresentedbytheadage,"Thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch"?

a. Melissacanattendtheconcertonlyifshetakeshersisterwithher.

b. Gregishungryandhomeless.

c. Brianmustrepairthetireonhisbikebeforehecanrideittoclass.

d. KendramustdecidebetweengoingtoColoradoorCancunforspringbreak.

19. Theprinciplethat"peoplefacetradeoffs"appliesto

a. individuals.

b. families.

c. societies.

d. Alloftheabovearecorrect.

20. Atypicalsocietystrivestogetthemostitcanfromitsscarceresources.Atthesametime,thesocietyattemptstodistributethebenefitsofthoseresourcestothemembersofthesocietyinafairmanner.Inotherwords,thesocietyfacesatradeoffbetween

a. gunsandbutter.

b. efficiencyandequity.

c. inflationandunemployment.

d. workandleisure.

21. Gunsandbutterareusedtorepresenttheclassicsocietaltradeoffbetweenspendingon

a. durableandnondurablegoods.

b. importsandexports.

c. nationaldefenseandconsumergoods.

d. lawenforcementandagriculture.

22. Whensocietyrequiresthatfirmsreducepollution,thereis

a. atradeoffbecauseofreducedincomestothefirms'ownersandworkers.

b. atradeoffonlyifsomefirmsareforcedtoclose.

c. notradeoff,sincethecostofreducingpollutionfallsonlyonthefirmsaffectedbytherequirements.

d. notradeoff,sinceeveryonebenefitsfromreducedpollution.

23. Atradeoffexistsbetweenacleanenvironmentandahigherlevelofincomeinthat

a. studiesshowthatindividualswithhigherlevelsofincomeactuallypollutelessthanlow-incomeindividuals.

b. effortstoreducepollutiontypicallyarenotcompletelysuccessful.

c. lawsthatreducepollutionraisecostsofproductionandreduceincomes.

d. byemployingindividualstocleanuppollution,employmentandincomebothrise.

24. Whichofthefollowingphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofefficiency?

a. absolutefairness

b. equaldistribution

c. minimumwaste

d. equitableoutcome

25. Whichofthefollowingistrue?

a. Efficiencyreferstothesizeoftheeconomicpie;equityreferstohowthepieisdivided.

b. Governmentpoliciesusuallyimproveuponbothequityandefficiency.

c. Aslongastheeconomicpiecontinuallygetslarger,noonewillhavetogohungry.

d. Efficiencyandequitycanbothbeachievediftheeconomicpieiscutintoequalpieces.

26. Efficiencymeansthat

a. societyisconservingresourcesinordertosavethemforthefuture.

b. society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedequallyamongsociety'smembers.

c. society'sgoodsandservicesaredistributedfairly,thoughnotnecessarilyequally,amongsociety'smembers.

d. societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.

27. Economistsusethewordequitytodescribeasituationinwhich

a. eachmemberofsocietyhasthesameincome.

b. eachmemberofsocietyhasaccesstoabundantquantitiesofgoodsandservices,regardlessofhisorherincome.

c. societyisgettingthemaximumbenefitsfromitsscarceresources.

d. thebenefitsofsociety'sresourcesaredistributedfairlyamongsociety'smembers.

28. SenatorSmithwantstoincreasetaxesonpeoplewithhighincomesandusethemoneytohelpthepoor.SenatorJonesarguesthatsuchataxwilldiscouragesuccessfulpeoplefromworkingandwillthereforemakesocietyworseoff.Aneconomistwouldsaythat

a. weshouldagreewithSenatorSmith.

b. weshouldagreewithSenatorJones.

c. agooddecisionrequiresthatwerecognizebothviewpoints.

d. therearenotradeoffsbetweenequityandefficiency.

29. Whichofthefollowingwordsandphrasesbestcapturesthenotionofequity?

a. minimumwaste

b. maximumbenefit

c. sameness

d. fairness

ANS:

D DIF:

1 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Equity MSC:

Definitional

30. Whengovernmentpoliciesareenacted,

a. equitycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss,butefficiencycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanequityloss.

b. efficiencycanusuallybeenhancedwithoutanequityloss,butequitycanneverbeenhancedwithoutanefficiencyloss.

c. itisalwaysthecasethateitherefficiencyandfairnessarebothenhanced,orefficiencyandequityarebothdiminished.

d. Noneoftheabovearecorrect.

ANS:

D DIF:

2 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Applicative

31. Alikelyeffectofgovernmentpoliciesthatredistributeincomeandwealthfromthewealthytothepooristhatthosepolicies

a. enhanceequity.

b. reduceefficiency.

c. reducetherewardforworkinghard.

d. Alloftheabovearecorrect.

ANS:

D DIF:

2 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Interpretive

32. Whenthegovernmentimplementsprogramssuchasprogressiveincometaxrates,whichofthefollowingislikelytooccur?

a. Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisincreased.

b. Equityisincreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.

c. Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisincreased.

d. Equityisdecreasedandefficiencyisdecreased.

ANS:

B DIF:

2 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Interpretive

33. Asaresultofasuccessfulattemptbygovernmenttocuttheeconomicpieintomoreequalslices,

a. itiseasiertocutthepie,andthereforetheeconomycanproducealargerpie.

b. thegovernmentcanmoreeasilyallocatethepietothosemostinneed.

c. thepiegetssmaller,andtherewillbelesspieoverall.

d. governmentwillspendtoomuchtimecuttinganditcausestheeconomytolosetheabilitytoproduceenoughpieforeveryone.

ANS:

C DIF:

3 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Analytical

34. Whenthegovernmentattemptstoimproveequityinaneconomytheresultisoften

a. anincreaseinoveralloutputintheeconomy.

b. additionalgovernmentrevenuesinceoverallincomewillincrease.

c. areductioninequity.

d. areductioninefficiency.

ANS:

D DIF:

2 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Interpretive

35. Whenthegovernmentredistributesincomefromthewealthytothepoor,

a. efficiencyisimproved,butequityisnot.

b. bothwealthypeopleandpoorpeoplebenefitdirectly.

c. peopleworklessandproducefewergoodsandservices.

d. wealthypeopleconsumefewergoods,butpoorpeopleconsumemoregoods,resultinginnorealchange.

ANS:

C DIF:

2 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Government,Efficiency,Equity MSC:

Interpretive

36. Ineconomics,thecostofsomethingis

a. thedollaramountofobtainingit.

b. alwaysmeasuredinunitsoftimegivenuptogetit.

c. whatyougiveuptogetit.

d. oftenimpossibletoquantify,eveninprinciple.

ANS:

C DIF:

1 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Opportunitycost MSC:

Definitional

37. Whatyougiveuptoobtainanitemiscalledyour

a. opportunitycost.

b. explicitcost.

c. truecost.

d. directcost.

ANS:

A DIF:

1 REF:

1-1

TOP:

Opportunitycost MSC:

Definitional

38. Theopport