【精品文档】340关于花生坚果收割机机械性能评估设计有关的外文文献翻译成品：伊朗桂兰省花生收获机的性能评估中英文双语对照10.docx

【精品文档】340关于花生坚果收割机机械性能评估设计有关的外文文献翻译成品：伊朗桂兰省花生收获机的性能评估中英文双语对照10.docx

《【精品文档】340关于花生坚果收割机机械性能评估设计有关的外文文献翻译成品：伊朗桂兰省花生收获机的性能评估中英文双语对照10.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【精品文档】340关于花生坚果收割机机械性能评估设计有关的外文文献翻译成品：伊朗桂兰省花生收获机的性能评估中英文双语对照10.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

此文档是毕业设计外文翻译成品（含英文原文+中文翻译），无需调整复杂的格式！

下载之后直接可用，方便快捷！

本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱！

一辈子也就一次的事！

外文标题：

PerformanceevaluationofapeanutharvestingmachineinGuilanprovince,Iran

外文作者：

AfshinAzmoodeh-Mishamandani,ShamsollahAbdollahpoor,HosseinNavid,MohammadMoghaddamVahed

文献出处:

InternationalJournalofBiosciences,Vol.5,No.10,p.94-101,2018（如觉得年份太老，可改为近2年，毕竟很多毕业生都这样做）

英文3362单词，20870字符（字符就是印刷符），中文5283汉字。

（如果字数多了，可自行删减，大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。

）

PerformanceevaluationofapeanutharvestingmachineinGuilanprovince,Iran

Keywords:

Conveyorslope,Evaluation,Forwardspeed,Peanutharvester,Soilmoisturecontent.

Abstract:

Theobjectiveofthisstudyisdeterminationoftheeffectofsoilmoisturecontent,forwardspeedandconveyorslopeonpodslossinpeanutharvesting.Forthispurpose,thepercentofexposedpodsloss,unexposedpodsloss,undugpodslossanddamagedpodslosswereobtainedaccordingtorelatedstandard.Theresultsrevealedtheeffectofsoilmoisturecontentandforwardspeedweresignificantonthepodsdifferentlosswhile,theeffectofconveyorslopewasn’tsignificantforallvariables.TheInteractioneffectofforwardspeedandsoilmoisturecontentwasonlysignificantonthepercentofexposedpodsloss.Asaresultofthisstudy,thesensiblereductionofthepodslosstotalispossiblebyreducingtheunexposedpodslossthatwasonlyrelatedtothesoilmoisturecontent.Thus,thesoilmoisturecontentinharvestingmustbecontrolled.Alsoresultswererevealedtheaveragesofexposedpodslosscandecreasebyusingtheminimumconveyorslopeattheminimumforwardspeedandviceversa.

Introduction

Peanut（ArachishypogaeaL.）,alsoknownasgroundnut,isaself-pollinating,indeterminate,annualherbaceouslegumecrop（Burns,2010）.Asthealternativenameimplies,peanutproducesitsfruit（pods）belowground.Thepodsareusuallylocateduptoadepthof7-10cmthatreferredtoaspodzone（Ademiluyietal.,2011）.Peanutmostlygrownduetoitsoil,proteinandcarbohydrates（AbdzadGoharietal.,2010）.Theoilofpeanutisoneofthemostimportantvegetableoilinregionswhereotheroilyvegetablescannotgrowup（HosseinzadehGashtietal.,2012）.Peanuthasseveralusesaswholeseedsorisprocessedtomakepeanutbutter,oil,andotherproducts（Putnametal.,2013）.Peanutisoneofthemostimportantoilseedplantsintheworldthatitseedscontain40-50%fat,20-50%proteinand10-20%carbohydratedependingonthevariety（Okelloetal.,2010）.Peanutiscurrentlygrownonover22.2millionhectaresworldwidewithatotalproductionofover35milliontons（Raoaetal.,2013）.Morethanhalfoftheproductionareaisinaridandsemi-aridregions（Reddyetal.,2003）.Peanutwasharvestedwhenmostoftheleavesturnedyellowandpodsbecamehard（Arakama,2013）.Thisiswhenitis120–150daysafterplantingdependingonthevariety（Oyeladeetal.,2011）.Thisoperationisusuallydelayedbythegreatestamountofpodsreachesmaturitybutshouldoccurbeforeexcessivesproutingorover-maturity.Thisoperationcausespeanutlossesandusuallytheripenpeanutsareleftintheground.Theamountofpeanutslossesdependontheplantageandtheirhealth（SandersandBett,1995,McNeill,1996）.Harvestingwhen75-80%ofpodshaveturneddarkinsidetheshellwillusuallygivethebestgradeandyield（Jordanetal.,2008）.Heavydigginglossisunavoidablewhenthepegsareweakenedduetoovermaturityorprematuredefoliationcausedbydisease,orwhenthesoilisverydryandhard（Robersonetal.,2010）.Inthetraditionalmethodofgroundnutharvesting,thevinesareuprootedbyhandorhandtoolwiththeentirerootsystem（Ademiluyietal.,2011）.Thisoperationisthemostimportantandlaborintensiveoperationsinpeanutcultivation.Thisproblemhasbeenovercomebyusingofmachinery.Therearetwomechanicalharvestingmethodsintheworld.Inthefirstmethod,peanutsharvestintwostageswhilethesecondmethoddoesthisworkinonestage.Intwostagesharvesting,thevinesdig,shakeandfinallyinvert.Thistreeactioncarriedoutbyonemachinethatknownasdigger/shaker/inverter.Theharvestedpeanutsleftonthefieldfortwoorthreedaysofsundrying.Finally,peanutcombineliftsdriedpeanutsfromthegroundandthreshesthem.Inonestageharvesting,allthementionedstepsintwostagesharvestingareintegratedbypeanutcombine.

IranisoneofthelargestproducersofpeanutintheMiddleEast（Nabavi-Pelesaraeietal.,2013）.Itscultivationisabout3000hectareswithannualkernelproductionof6,000tonsthatabout2500hectaresofitlocatedinGuilanprovince（HosseinzadehGashtietal.,2009）.SomeofpeanutcultivationoperationsinGuilanprovincecarriedoutmechanizedwhilepeanutharvestingisdonemanuallyyet.DuringpeanutharvestinginGuilanprovince,duetoriceharvestinginneighboringregionsandnon-availabilityoflaborintime,delayedharvestingresultedinheavylosstothefarmer.Oneofthesolutionsistomechanizeharvestingoperationinpeanutcultivation.Italsoreducesthecostofpeanutharvestingandincreaseprofitandproductivity.Forthispurpose,adigger/shaker/invertermachineimporttoGuilanprovincebutwasnotsoappliedbyfarmers.Thehighlossesduringofharvestingwereareasonfornon-application.Thismachinedoesthethreeindicatedfunctionsintwostagesharvesting.Asthetractormovesforward,thetwoV-shapedbladescutthetaprootjustbelowthepodsandbecomesloosethesoilandcrops,theelevatorliftstheloosenedcropsfromthegroundandloosedirtremovesbyshakeractionandfinallyinversionrodsandwheelsinvertthecroptoassistsundrying（Fig.1）.

Thecroppropertiesandoperatingconditionsarethetwodesignparametersthataffectsonmachineperformance.Thesoilmoisturecontentisoneofthecroppropertiesthathavemuchsignificanteffectonmachineperformance.Ademiluyietal.（2011）evaluatedtheperformanceofatractordrawngroundnutdigger/shakerinthreelevelsofsoilmoisturecontent.Theresultsshowedsoilthemoisturecontentisamajorfactorinfluencingthediggingefficiencyoftheimplementandthesoilmoisturecontentbetween12%-15%willbepreferabletowork.Timelinessofoperationisveryvitalingroundnutproductionandgroundnutharvestingusingthedigger/shakerwillproduceaverylowvalueofdiggingefficiency,whengroundnutcropsarenotharvestedduringtheirrighttimeofharvest.Also,theforwardspeedandconveyorslopeanglearetwooperatingconditionsthathavemanysignificanteffectsonmachineperformance.Ibrahimetal.（2008）developedamultipurposediggerforharvestingrootcropsandevaluateditinpeanutharvestingatthreelevelsofforwardspeed（1.4,1.8and2.3km/h）andthreedifferentslopeangles（12,18and24deg.）,onceusingthevibratingmovementandoncewithoutusingit.Theresultsofthisstudyrevealeddevelopeddiggercanbeoperatedefficientlyunderharvestingdepthof15cm,forwardspeedof2.3km/handslopeangleof12deg.withusingvibratingmovement.Padmanathanetal.（2006）designedatractoroperatedgroundnutcombineharvesterandevaluateditatdifferentoperatingconditions.Theresultsoftheirworkrevealedmaximumharvestingefficiencyof92.3percentobtainedat1000mmwidthofharvesterandforwardspeedof1.5km/h.Fieldcapacityandtheoreticalfieldcapacitycalculated0.15and0.198ha/hthereuponfieldefficiencywas75.75%.Also,theoperationofgroundnutcombineharvesterresultedin39.00and96.00percentsavingincostandtimerespectively,whencomparedtotheconventionalmethodofmanualdiggingandstripping.Inanotherresearch,DawelbeitandWright（1999）designedavibratorypeanutdiggerandtesteditattwosoiltypes,twotractorspeeds（2.4,4.8km/h）,twofrequenciesofvibration（9,16.7Hz）andtwoamplitudesofvibration（3.2,9.6mm）.Theresultsrevealedsoilconditions,tractorspeed,andamplitudeofvibrationsignificantlyaffectedthedraftbutfrequencynotaffected.Also,vibrationdidnotsignificantlyaffectpercentpeanutgroundlosses.AlsoGargetal.（1990）evaluatedtheperformanceoftractor-operatedgroundnutdiggers.Theresultsrevealedthetotallabourrequirementinthecaseofthegroundnutdiggerwindrowerwasalmosthalfofthatofthediggerwithcorrugatedroller.Also,noappreciabledifferenceincostofdigging（Rs246-262/ha）wasobservedbetweenthetwotypesofmechanizeddiggingwhileitwasRs375/haformanualharvesting.

Theobjectivesofthisstudyweredeterminationofeffectofsoilmoisturecontent,forwardspeedandconveyorslopeonpodsdifferentlossandpresentingofthesolutionsforreducingofpodsdifferentloss.

Materialsandmethods

Fieldcharacteristics

ThisstudywascarriedoutinAstaneh-eAshrafiyehcityofGuilanprovince.Atotalareaof0.30hectaresofsiltloamsoil（24%ofsand,59%siltand17%clay）wasusedforthemainstudy.TheusedpeanutcropforthestudywasplantedonApril22th,2013.Rowspacingandplantspacingwere75and15cm,respectively.

Factorsofmachineevaluation

Thestudiedfactorsformachineevaluationweretwolevelsofsoilmoisturecontent（19.9and19.3%）,threelevelsofforwardspeed（1.4,1.8and2.2km/h）andthreelevelsofconveyorslope（35,38and41deg.）.Forthispurpose,thefieldwasdividedintotwodifferentexperimentalplots.Foreachlevelsofmoistureafactorialexperimentwascarriedoutwithforwardspeedandconveyorslopefactorsinarandomizedcompleteblockdesignwiththreereplications.Theninanalysisofdata,themoisturelevelswereintegratedeachotherandcombinedanalysiswasperformedonthem.Trialswerecarriedoutoneachoftheplotsattwodaysin