高中英语代词总复习.doc
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高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解---------代词及练习
一.概念:
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词,英语的代词使用得很广泛;汉语代词用得较英语少许多。
eg.①Becausehehadabadcold,Jackdecidedtostayinbedthewholeday.
②TheBrownssaidtheymightmovetoCalifornia.
③Bobalwaysanswershisteacher’squestionswell;thatshowsthatheworksveryhardathome.
④Ihadachatwithourgroupleader.Itwasveryhelpful.
二、代词的种类:
按其意义,特征及其在句中的作用分为:
1.人称代词(personalpronoun):
主格:
Iyouhesheitweyouthey
宾格:
meyouhimheritusyouthem
2.物主代词(possessivepronoun):
形容词性:
myyourhisheritsouryourtheir
名词性:
mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs
3.反身代词(reflexivepronoun):
单数:
myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfoneself
复数:
ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
4.相互代词(reciprocalpronoun):
eachother;oneanother
5.指示代词(demonstrativepronoun):
单数:
thisthatitsuchsame
复数:
thesethosesuchsame
6.疑问代词(interrogativepronoun):
who;whom;whose;which;what。
7.关系代词(relativepronoun):
who;whom;whose;which;that;as。
8.不定代词(indefinitepronoun):
some;something;somebody;someone;any;anything;anybody;anyone;
no;nothing;nobody;noone;every;everything;everybody;everyone;each;much;many;little;alittle;few;
afew;other;another;all;none;one;both;either;neither。
三、相关知识点精讲
1.人称代词:
1)人称代词的人称、行、数和格,如下表所示:
数
人
格
称
单数
主格
第一人称
I我
第二人称
you你
第三人称
阳性
阴性
中性
2)人称代词的指代:
顾名思义,人称代词表示人。
然而,人称代词并不全指人,也指物。
eg.----Wherearetheplates?
---Theyareinthecupboard.
3)人称代词的功用:
(i)有主格和宾格之分,通常主格作主语,宾格作宾语。
eg.①Iliketabletennis.(作主语)②Doyouknowhim?
(作宾语)
(ii)人称代词还可作表语,作表语时用宾格。
eg.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?
---It'sme.
(iii)人称代词后,如跟有who或that引导的从句,则常用主格。
eg.It’sIwhodidit.
(iv)人称代词单独使用时,一般不用主格而用宾格。
eg.①---I’dliketogobackinhere.----Me,too.②---Willanyonegowithhim?
----Notme.
(v.)人称代词在as和than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,如果用作介词,用宾格。
如果用作连词,则用主格。
eg.①Heisolderthanme./HeisolderthanIam.
②Edwardisasgoodastudentashim. /Youaretallerthansheis.
(vi)在感叹句中,人称代词宾格可用作主语,起强调作用。
eg.①Megetcaught!
②HimgototheStates!
(vii)we和you可用作同位结构的第一部分。
也使用we和you泛指一般人
eg.①Wegirlsoftengotothemoviestogether.②Heaskedyouboystobequiet.
(viii)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等eg.Chinaisagreatcountry.Shehasalonghistory.
(Xi)并列主语或宾语中顺序是:
you,he(she)andI;we,youandthey
eg:
----Iloveyoumorethanher,child.----Youmeanmorethan_________loveherormorethansheloves_________
A.you;me B.I;you C.you;you D.I;me
2.物主代词:
1)表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
2)形容词性物主代词的作用:
(i)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,可在句中作定语。
eg.①Ourteacheriscomingtoseeus.②Thisisherpencil-box.
(ii)与own连用其强调作用。
eg.①Isawitwithmyowneyes.②Mindyourownbusiness!
***如进一步强调可加very。
eg.I’dlovetohavemyveryownroom.
***此结构还可以与of连用。
eg.①Ihavenothingofmyown.②TheWangshadnochildrenoftheirown.
(iii)形容词性物主代词有时可有定冠词the代替。
eg.①Hereceivedablowonthehead.②Abeestungheronthenose.③How’sthefamily?
3)名词性物主代词的作用:
(i)名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词,在句中可用作主语,宾语和表语。
eg.①Ourschoolishere,andtheirsisthere.(作主语)
②---IsthisEnglish-bookyours?
(作表语)---No.Mineisinmybag.(作主语)
③I'vealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyours?
(作动词宾语)
④Herdaughterisratherstupid,butbothofyoursareveryclever.(作介词宾语)
(ii)用作礼貌用语。
eg.①Yourssincerely(truly,faithfully).您的忠诚的(忠实的,可以信赖的)。
(信尾)
②AHappyNewYeartoyouandyoursfrommeandmine.
(iii)of+名词性物主代词:
@表部分概念:
eg.Heisafriendofmine./Isheaneighborofyours?
构成双重所有格@有感情色彩:
eg.Lookatthatbignoseofhis!
/Thisdogofoursneverbites.
3.反身代词:
英语中用来表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我们自己","你们自己"等意义的代词称为反身代词,也有人称之为自身代名词。
1)反身代词的作用:
(i)作动词的宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。
eg.①Hecalledhimselfawriter.②WouldyoupleaseexpressyourselfinEnglish?
③Sheallowedherselfarest.④Youmayhurtyourselfifyouplaywiththeknife.
⑤Wegaveourselvesup.
⑥LittleTomisonlyfour,buthecanfeedhimself,washhimselfanddresshimself.
(ii)作介词的宾语。
eg.①Thedooropenedofitself.②Youmustkeepthesecrettoyourself.
***表位置的介词后,反身代词用人称代词宾格替代。
eg.①Ilookedaroundme.②Heshutthedoorafterhim.③Themotherdrewthechildrentowardsher.
****在某些介词之后,用反身代词和人称代词宾格均可。
eg.①Thereareseveninthefamilybesidesme/myself.②Exceptforus/ourselves,thewholevillagewasasleep.
③Sandra’ssisteriseventallerthanher/herself.
(iv.)作表语。
eg.①Itdoesn'tmatter.I'llbemyselfsoon.②Thegirlinthenewsismyself.
③Thatpoorboywasmyself.④Bobisnotquitehimselftoday.
(v.)作主语或宾语的同位语,表示亲自或本人.
eg.①Imyselfwashedtheclothes.(=Iwashedtheclothesmyself.)(作主语同位语)
②Youshouldasktheteacherhimself.(作宾语同位语)/Imyselfcanrepairthebike.(作主语同位语)
(vi.)反身代词与介词的搭配用法:
@foroneself:
亲自eg.You’llhavetoseeifhehasgonetoschoolforyourself.
@ofoneself:
自动地eg.Thecomputercanshutoffofitself.
@inoneself:
本质、本身eg.Jimisnotbadinhimself,butheisalittleshy./buthe’ssoweak-minded.(优柔寡断)
@tooneself:
独自享用eg.Onewouldratherhaveabedroomtooneself.
@byoneself(=alone;withouthelp):
单独地eg.Onecan’tplaytennisbyoneself.
@besideoneself:
(由于气愤/激动等)发狂;忘形
eg.Hewasbesidehimselfwithjoywhenheheardhehadpassedtheexam.
@betweenoneselves:
保密;不外传eg.Betweenourselves,IthinkMr.Smithhasnotquitegotoverhisillnessyet.
(vii)反身代词与动词的搭配用法:
@beoneself:
处于正常状态;显得自然eg.①Sheisquiteherselftoday.②I'mnotquitemyselftoday.我今天不大舒服。
@enjoyoneself:
玩得愉快
eg.①Weallenjoyedourselvesatthepartyyesterday.②Haveyouenjoyedyourselftoday?
你今天玩得愉快吗?
@seatoneself:
坐下eg.Pleaseseatyourselves,everybody!
@dressoneselfin…:
穿……eg.Shealwaysdressesherselfinred.
@helponeself:
随便吃……;自行取用
eg.①Themoneywasonthetableandnoonewasthere,sohehelpedhimselftoit.
②Don'tgetnervous,helpyourselftowhatyoulike.别紧张,喜欢吃什么就吃什么。
@cometooneself:
苏醒eg.Amomentlater,hecametohimself.
@makeoneselfathome:
不要客气
eg.①Hemadehimselfathomewheneverhecametomyhome.②Makeyourselfathome.不要拘礼;请随便吧。
@devoteoneselfto:
专心于…;献身于…
eg.MyteacherdevotedherselftoEnglishteaching.
@findoneselfin/at…:
发觉自己来到…
eg.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfinhospital.
@applyoneselfto:
专心致志于……
eg.Youwouldpassyourexamsifyouappliedyourselftoyourstudy.
@adaptoneselfto:
适应于……
eg.Ittookhimawhiletoadapthimselftohisnewsurroundings.
@thinkforoneself:
独立思考
eg.Youshoulddevelopthegoodhabitofthinkingforyourself.
@absentoneself:
缺课、缺勤
eg.Hehadabsentedhimselffromtheofficefortheday.
@behaveoneself:
使(自己)举止良好
eg.IwantyoutobehaveyourselveswhileI’maway.
@boastoneself:
自夸
eg.Heisalwaysboastinghimself.
4.相互代词:
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。
相互代词有eachother和oneanother两种形式。
在当代英语,eachother和
oneanother没有什么区别。
相互代词的所有格分别为eachother’s和oneanother’s。
1)相互代词的作用:
(i)作宾语:
eg.①Weshouldlearnfromeachother/oneanother.(作宾语)②Doyouoftenwritetoeachother/oneanother?
(作宾语)
(ii)定语.作定语用时,相互代词用所有格形式.
eg.①Weoftenborroweachother's/oneanother'sbooks.(作定语)
②Theylookedintoeachother’seyesforasilentmoment.(作定语)
③Thestudentscorrectedeachother's/oneanother'smistakesintheirhomework.
(iii)each和other可分开使用。
eg.①Eachofthetwinswantedtoknowwhattheotherwasdoing.②Eachtriedtopersuadetheothertostayathome.
5.指示代词:
1)指示代词的形式:
this,that,these,those。
2)指示代词的含义:
指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样,都具有指定的含义,它们所指的对象取决于说话者和听话者共同熟悉的语境。
eg.Ilikedthismovietodaybetterthanthatconcertlastnight.
3)指示代词的作用:
(i)主语eg.①Thesearen’tmybooks.②Who’sthatspeaking?
(ii)宾语eg.①Shewilldothat.②Howdoyoulikethese?
(iii)表语eg.①Mypointisthis.我的意思是这个。
②Oh,it’snotthat.噢,问题不在那儿。
(iv)定语eg.①ThisbookisaboutChinesetraditionalmedicine.②Ilikethoseflowers.
(v)状语eg.①Thebookisaboutthisthick.(“这么”表示程度)②Idon’twantthatmuch.
4)this(these)与that(those)的用法:
(1)this(these)一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人;that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。
eg.①Thisisapenandthatisapencil.②Wearebusythesedays.
③Inthosedaystheworkershadahardtime.④I’llcometoseeyouoneofthesedays.
(2)有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物,this和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。
eg.①Ihadacold.That'swhyIdidn'tcome.
②WhatIwanttosayisthis;pronunciationisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.
(3)有时为了避免重复提到的名词,常可用that或those代替。
eg.TelevisionsetsmadeinBeijingarejustasgoodasthosemadeinShanghai.
(4)this在电话用语中代表自己,that则代表对方。
eg.Hello!
ThisisMary.IsthatJackspeaking?
(5)用于固定习语:
@likethis:
像这样eg.Ihaveneverseenherlikethisbefore.
@thisandthat:
这那eg.Whentheoldfriendsmet,theywouldtalkaboutthisandthat.
@that’sallright:
(不用了)没关系
eg.---Ihaveacaroutside.I’llgiveyouaridehome.---Oh,that’sallright.Itisn’tmuchofawalk.
@forallthat:
尽管如此
eg.ItwasMay,butforallthattherainwasfallingasintheheaviestautumndownpours.
@morethanthat:
更重要的的是eg.Sheisyoungandbeautiful.Morethanthat,sheishappy.
@and(all)that:
(BrE.)等等eg.Didyoubringthecontractand(all)that?
@That’swhy…:
那就是为什么