高中人教版英语必修五课本答案.doc

高中人教版英语必修五课本答案.doc

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教材练习答案及听力原文

Unit1

WARMINGUP

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Answers:

1Archimedes,AncientGreek（287-212BC）Hewasamathematician.Hefoundthatifyouputanobjectintowaterthewaterpushestheobjectup.Itrisesandpartlyfloats.Theforceofthewaterpushingitupisthesameastheweightoftheobject.

2CharlesDarwin,British（1808-1882）TheOriginofSpecieswaspublishedin1859.Itexplainedhowplantsandanimalshadchangedovertimetofitinwithachangingenvironment.Atthetimeitwaspublisheditwasverycontroversial.ManypeoplebelievedtheBiblewhenitsaidthatGodmadethefirsttwopeople（AdamandEve）andthatallotherpeoplecamefromthesetwo.Darwin’sbookshowedthatpeoplehaddevelopedfromapesinstead.Sothiscausedalotofargumentbetweenreligiousandscientificpeople.HoweverDarwin’sideabecameveryinfluentialandisstillacceptedtoday.

3ThomasNewcomen,British（1663-1729）HeimprovedthefirststeampumpbuiltbyThomasSaveryin1698andturneditintoasteamenginefortakingwateroutofminesin1712.JamesWattimproveditstillfurtherinthe1770sturningitintothefirstmodernsteamengineusedontherailways.

4GregorMendel,Czech（1822-1884）Hegrewpeaplantsanddevelopedideasonheredityandinheritedcharacteristics.Heconcentratedoncross-fertilisingpeaplantsandanalyzingtheresults.Between1856-1863hegrew28,000peaplants.Heexaminedsevenkindsofseedandplantcharacteristicsanddevelopedsomelawsofinheritance.Thefirstisthatinheritancefactorsdonotcombinebutarepassedtothenextgenerationintact.Second,hefoundthateachpartnergiveshalftheinheritedfactorstotheyoung.Third,someofthesefactorsshowupintheoffspring（andsoaredominant）.Theotherfactorsaremaskedbythedominantones（andsoarerecessive）.

5MarieCurie,PolishandFrench（1867-1934）ShewasborninPolandandcametostudyinFrancein1891andshelivedtherefortherestofherlife.In1898shediscoveredradium.ShereceivedtwoNobelprizes,one（withPierreCurie）forphysics（1903）andoneforchemistry（1911）.Sheistheonlypersontohavebeensohonoured.OnthedeathofherhusbandshetookoverhisjobattheSorbonneinParis.Herworkonradioactivityandthediscoveryofradiummeantthatshebegananewscientificareaofresearch.ShewasthefirstwomantoreceiveaNobelPrizeandthefirstwomantoteachattheSorbonne.

6ThomasEdison,American（1847-1931）Hewasalreadyaninventorofotherelectricaldevices（phonograph,electriclightbulb）whenin1882hedesignedasystemforprovidingNewYorkwithelectricityfromacentralpowerstation.Thiswasatremendousachievement,whichhadpreviouslybeenthoughtimpossible.

7LeonardodaVinci,Italian（1452-1519）Hewasafamousartistwhoseskillforshowinghumanskintonesmadehispaintingsseemtocomealive.Heusedtostudydeadpeopleinordertomakehispaintingsasaccurateaspossibile.Someofhisfamouspaintingsinclude“TheAdorationoftheMagi”andthe“TheLastSupper”.LaterinhislifehelivedinFrancewherehedesignedasubmarineandaflyingmachine.

8SirHumphryDavy,British（1778-1829）Hedidresearchintodifferentgasesanddiscoveredthemedicinalvalueofnitrousoxide（orlaughinggas）asananaesthetic.In1815hedevelopedasafetylampforminers.Previouslytherehadbeenmanyaccidentswhencandlesontheminers’helmetshadexplodedwhenitcameintocontactwithundergroundgasfromthecoaltheminersweredigging.Thesafetyhelmetmadeworkingundergroundverymuchsafer.

9ZhangHeng,Chinese（78-139）Heinventedthefirstseismographtoindicateinthedirectionofanearthquake.Itwasintheshapeofacylinderwitheightdragonheadsroundthetop,eachwithaballinitsmouth.Aroundthebottomwereeightfrogsdirectlyunderadragon’shead.Whenanearthquakeoccurred,aballfelloutofthedragon’smouth,makinganoise.

10StephenHawking,British（1942-）Hehasworkedinastronomyandstudiedblackholesinspace.Hehasshownthatblackholesdonotonlyabsorbeverythingaroundthembut,fromtimetotime,throwoutmatteraswell.Thismaymarkthebeginningofnewgalaxies.Thisisanadvanceontheoldtheorywhichsaidthatblackholes“eat”everythingtheycomeacross.

COMPREHENDING

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AnswerkeyforExercise1:

1AnoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854.

2JohnSnowbegantotesttwotheories.

3JohnSnowinvestigatedtwostreetswheretheoutbreakwasverysevere.

4JohnSnowmarkedthedeathsonamap.

5Hefoundthatmostofthedeathswerenearawaterpump.

6Hehadthehandleremovedfromthewaterpump.

7Heannouncedthatthewatercarriedthedisease.

8KingCholerawasdefeated.

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AnswerkeyforExercise2:

1JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.

2No.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganizehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.

3Threediseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARS,AIDSandbirdflu,becausetheyareserious,haveanunknowncauseandneedpublichealthcaretosolvethem.

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SamplesummaryforExercise3:

JohnSnowwantedtofindthecauseofcholera.Hebelievedthatpeoplebecameillaftereatinginfectedfood.Heusedthenextoutbreakofcholeratotesthisidea.Hestudiedasmallareaofhouseswhichgottheirwaterfromthesamepump.Manypeopleintheareadied.JohnSnowshowedthatthiswasbecausethewaterinthepumpwasinfected.Heshowedthatcholeracouldbedefeatedifpeopledrankcleanwater.

LEARNINGABOUTLANGUAGE

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

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SuggestedanswerstoExercise1:

1victim 2physician 3analyse

4defeat 5challenge 6enquiry

7pump 8blame 9absorb

10link...to

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AnswerkeyforExercise2:

1severe 2suspected 3exposed

4experts 5cure 6foresaw

7concluded 8announced9attended

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AnswerkeyforExercise3:

makeasuggestion makeadecision

makeaplan makeacontribution

makeaspeech makeanoise

makeachange makeadescription

makeaninvestigation

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SomepossibleexamplesforExercise4:

1Theteacheraskedusnottomakefacesinclass.

2Itriedtomakefriendswithmyneighbourbuthewastoooldanddidnotwanttotalktome.

3Thebestwaytomakemoneyistostudyhardandgaingoodqualifications.

4Ididn’tlikethemtocollectmeintheircarsoImademywaytotherestaurantonfootbymyself.

5I’mtootiredtomakedinner,soIdecidetoeatout.

6Beforeyoupayforthatnewcarmakesureithasaguarantee,whichwillprotectyouagainstanyproblemsduringthefirstyear.

7Don’tmakeupyourmindaboutbuyingthathousetillyouhaveseenafewmore.

8Whenyouleaveyourflatinthemorning,itlookstidierifyoumakethebedbeforeyougo.

9Ihavetriedtomakeroomforheronthatcoursebuttherearejusttoomanypeoplealreadyattendingit.

Discoveringusefulstructures

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SomepossibleanswersforExercise1:

1...whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.（attribute）

2HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepump.（attribute）

3Hebecameinterestedintwotheories.（pre-

dicative）

4Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunder-

stood.（predicative）

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AnswerkeyforExercise2:

PastParticipleastheAttribute

（1） PastParticipleastheAttribute

（2）

1terrifiedpeople 1peopleterrifiedof（cholera）

2reservedseats 2seatsreservedby...

3pollutedwater 3waterpollutedby...

4acrowdedroom 4aroomcrowdedwith...

5apleasedwinner 5awinnerpleasedwith...

6astonishedchildren 6childrenastonishedat/by...

7abrokenvase 7avasebrokenby...

8acloseddoor 8adoorclosedby...

9thetiredaudience 9theaudiencetiredof...

10atrappedanimal 10ananimaltrappedin/by...

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AnswerkeyforExercise3:

1blamed/upset 2tired

3disappointed 4shocked/depressed

5excited 6infected

USINGLANGUAGE

LISTENINGTEXT

AGREATCHINESESCIENTIST

FatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme

YuPing（YP）istalkingtoherfriendSteveSmith（SS）aboutQianXuesenandhisworkasarocketscientist.

Part1

YP:

Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup,Steve?

SS:

Iwanttobeanastronomerandvisitsstars.IwishtovisitMarsoneday.

YP:

IthinkI’dliketoworkinthespaceindustrytoo.I’dliketobearocketscientistlikeQianXuesen.

SS:

Whatdidhehavetodotobecomearocketscientist?

YP:

Well,hefirststudiedatuniversitytobeanengineer.LaterhewenttoAmericatostudyforhisdoctor’sdegree.Itwasthenhebegantoworkonrockets.

SS:

SoitwasluckyforourspaceprogrammethathecamebacktoChina.

YP:

Verymuchso.TherewasnoworkonspacerocketsinChinabeforehebeganhisinstitutetodesignandbuildrocketstogointospace.

Part2

SS:

Doyouthinkhewantedtotravelintospaceinoneofhisrockets?

YP:

IhavenoideabutIbelievehelookedforwardtothefirstspaceflightbyaChineseastronaut.

SS:

Yes.NowthatChinahassentsatellitesintospace.Ihopewe’llbethefirsttolandonMars.ThatwouldreallybesomethingspecialandifIwerethatastronautIwouldputQianXuesen’spictureonMarstoshowhowmuchweadmirehiswork.

YP:

Indeed.HeisrightfullycalledthefatheroftheChinesespaceprogramme.HeismyheroandheiswhyIwanttobearocketscientist.

SS:

Well,we’dbettergetonwithourhomework.Weneedgoodgradestogetintouniversity.

YP:

Rightyouare.Seeyou,then