wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文Word格式.docx

wuthering heights 呼啸山庄英语专业本科毕业论文Word格式.docx

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First,itisalovetragedyfromwhichEmilypresentedalifeofadeformedsocietyanddrawstheoutlineofhumanitythatwaswarpedbytheabnormalsociety,andaseriesofterribleeventscausedbyit.Fromthisanglewecanlearnthatitsromanticingredientisrareespecially.

ThisthesiswillgiveadetailedcommentontheRomanisminWutheringHeightsbyanalyzingsomemaincharactersandtheenvironment,aswellasthewholebackgroundofthisnovel.

1.1TheIntroductionoftheAuthor

EmilyBrontë

wasborninThornton,nearBradfordinYorkshire,toPatrickBrontë

andMariaBranwell.ShewastheyoungersisterofCharlotteBrontë

andthefifthofsixchildren.In1824,thefamilymovedtoHaworth,whereEmily'

sfatherwasperpetualcurate,anditwasinthesesurroundingsthattheirliteraryodditiesflourished.Betweentheyears1824and1825EmilyattendedtheschoolatCowanBridgewithCharlotte,andthenwaslargelyeducatedathome.Inchildhood,afterthedeathoftheirmother,thethreesistersandtheirbrotherPatrickBranwellBrontë

createdimaginarylands,whichwerefeaturedinstoriestheywrote.LittleofEmily'

sworksfromthisperiodsurvived,exceptforpoemsspokenbycharacters.

In1838,EmilycommencedworkasagovernessatMissPatchett'

sLadiesAcademyatLawHillSchool,nearHalifax,leavingafteraboutsixmonthsduetohomesickness.Later,withhersisterCharlotte,sheattendedaprivateschoolinBrusselsrunbyConstantinHegerandhiswife,ClaireZoë

ParentHeger.Theylatertriedtoopenupaschoolattheirhome,buthadnopupils.

Herfather'

sbookshelfofferedavarietyofreading:

theBible,Homer,Virgil,Shakespeare,Milton,Byron,Scottandmanyothers.ThechildrenalsoreadenthusiasticallyarticlesoncurrentaffairsandintellectualdisputesinBlackwood'

sEdinburghMagazine, 

Fraser'

sMagazine,and 

EdinburghReview.

UnlikeCharlotte,Emilyhadnoclosefriends.Shewroteafewlettersandwasinterestedinmysticism.ItwasthediscoveryofEmily'

spoetictalentbyCharlottethatledherandhersisterstopublishajointcollectionoftheirpoetryin1846,PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell.Toevadecontemporaryprejudiceagainstfemalewriters,theBrontë

sistersadoptedandrogynousfirstnames.Allthreeretainedthesameinitials:

CharlottebecameCurrerBell,AnnebecameActonBellandEmilybecameEllisBell.

DuringtheirstayinBrusselsin1842,Emily'

shealth,likehersisters'

hadbeenweakenedbytheharshlocalclimateathomeandatschool.ShecaughtacoldduringthefuneralofherbrotherinSeptember,whichledtotuberculosis.Refusingmedicalhelp,shediedonDecember19th,1848atabouttwointheafternoon.

1.2TheBackgroundoftheNovel

In1847,shepublishedheronlynovel,WutheringHeights,astory-within-a-story,astwovolumesofathreevolumeset（thelastvolumebeingAgnesGreybyhersisterAnne）,didnotgainimmediatesuccessasCharlotte'

s 

JaneEyre.Itsinnovativestructuresomewhatpuzzledcritics.Althoughitreceivedmixedreviewswhenitfirstcameout,ithasacclaimedlaterfameasoneofthemostintensenovelswrittenintheEnglishlanguage,thebooksubsequentlybecameanEnglishliteraryclassic.In1850,CharlotteeditedandpublishedWutheringHeightsasastand-alonenovelandunderEmily'

srealname.IncontrasttoCharlotteandAnne,whosenovelstaketheformofautobiographieswrittenbyauthoritativeandreliablenarrators,Emilyintroducedanunreliablenarrator,Lockwood.HeconstantlymisinterpretsthereactionsandinteractionsoftheinhabitantsofWutheringHeights.MorereliableisNellyDean,thehousekeeper,whohaslivedfortwogenerationswiththenovel'

stwoprincipalfamilies,theEarnshawsandtheLintons.

1.3ASummationfortheContentoftheNovel

LockwoodisagentlemanvisitingtheYorkshiremoorswherethenovelisset.AtnightLockwooddreamsofhearingafell-firesermonandthen,awakening,herecordstapsonthewindowofhisroom."

...Idiscerned,obscurely,achild'

sfacelookingthroughthewindowterrormademecruel;

and,findingituselesstoattemptshakingthecreatureoff,Ipulleditswristonthebrokenpane,andrubbedittoandfrotillthebloodrandownandsoakedthebedclothes:

stillitwailed,"

Letmein!

"

andmaintaineditstenaciousgripe,almostmaddeningmewithfear."

（EmilyBronte,1999:

20）.ThehandsbelongtoCatherineLinton,whoseeerieappearanceechotheviolentturnsoftheplot.Inaseriesofflashbacksandtimeshifts,Brontë

drawsapowerfulpictureoftheenigmaticHeathcliff,whoisbroughttoHeightsfromthestreetsofLiverpoolbyMrEarnshaw.HeathcliffistreatedasEarnshaw'

sownchildren,CatherineandHindley.AfterMr.Earnshaw'

sdeathHeathcliffisbulliedbyHindleyandheleavesthehouse,returningthreeyearslater.MeanwhileCatherinemarriesEdgarLinton.Heathcliff’sdestructiveforceisunleashed.Catherinediesgivingbirthtoagirl,anotherCatherine.Heathcliffcurseshistruelove:

...CatherineEarnshaw,mayyounotrest,aslongasIamliving!

YousaidIkilledyouhauntmethen!

32）.HeathcliffmarriesIsabellaLinton,Edgar'

ssister,whofleestothesouthfromherlovelessmarriage.TheirsonLintonandCatherinearemarried,butthealwayssicklyLintondies.Hareton,Hindley'

sson,andtheyoungwidowbecameclose.Increasinglyisolatedandalienatedfromdailylife,Heathcliffexperiencesvisions,andhelongsforthedeaththatwillreunitehimwithCatherine.

PartTwo.RomanticisminWutheringHeights

2.1TheRomanticismReflectedintheNovel

Firsttheromanticismisamovementprevailinginthe19thcenturyinWesternWorldinliterature,artmusicandphilosophybeginningasareactionandprotestagainstthebondageofrulesandcustomsofneo-classicism.Itwasmarkedandisalwaysmarkedbyastoryreaction.Itreturnstonatureandplainhumanityformaterial.Itbringsaboutarenewedinterestinmedievalliterature.Itisalsomarkedbysympathyforpoorpeopleandthusadeepunderstandingtowardcommonpeople.Itisamovementexpressionofindividualoriginalityanddifferentpoetsrealizedtheirvariety.Adreamofgoldenageisestablishedagainststernrealities.Imaginationisthekeypoint.Onreflectingthereallife,romanticismmainlystartsfrompeople’ssubjectiveinnerworld,voicesthepursuittotheidealworld.Italwaysuseswordswithfullenthusiasmaswellastherosyimaginationandexaggerativedevicestoforgecharacters.Itisrightlytheenthusiasticaspirationtotheidealworldthatsuggeststhedissatisfactiontowardstherealworld.SotheromanticisminWutheringHeightsisnotaneasytopicatall.Insteadofbeingdessert―softlyyummycakesafterameal,itismorelikeaportionofpoison,arosyandfantasticdreammadebythosepeoplewhoeagertofindanoutletintherealworldbutinvain.

Sincethe1830s,eventhoughrealismgraduallybecomesthemainstreaminliteraryworld,theinfluenceofromanticliteraryhasn'

trunout.Focusedonromanticfiction,romanticismisinterestedinbizarreandterror.Italwaysavoidsrealismthatisofpatientandcarefulobservation;

instead,itlikestomakefulluseofimagination,likesthefiercewordsanddeeds,uglycharacterandabnormalpreference,andthissituationineverythingcanbefoundinWutheringHeightsofrichexamples.

Wecanmakeacontrastbetweenthefeaturesaboveandthecontentofthenovel.Emilywroteitinthe1840swhenromanticismwaspopularatitsmost.AlthoughWutheringHeightswasthoughttobearealisticworkbyalargenumberofpeople,it’sundeniablethatitmusthavebeeninfluencedbythegreattideofromanticism.Theromanticismhasatensiontonatureandtheoriginalhumanity,inanotherword;

itappealstotheundecoratedthingsinlifeandlikestoexplorethedeepestinnerworldofpeopleinWutheringHeights,thereisagreatdealdescriptionofnatureandtheauthordoesn’thideherlovetothatbeautifulscenery.Andattheendofthenovel,Heathliffcommitssuicideafterhetookrevengeandreachedhispurpose.HisdeathisadeadlovethatexpresseshislovetowardsCatherinewillneverchangetillhisdeath,apursuittoloveinthedeterminationthatalthoughtheycan’tlivetogetherbuttheycanstruggletogetrotteninthesametomb.Thereviveofhishumanityisasublimeofspiritandshineswiththeauthor’shumanitarianideal,andalsogiveabeamofhopefullightinthehorriblelovetragedy.SoHeathcliff’slove—hatred―revenge―reviveofhumanity一isnotonlytheessenceofthenovelbutalsoaredlinethroughoutthestory.Thenastothesympathytowardsthepoor,th