高一英语定语从句讲解精华版.doc
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定语从句
一、基本概念：
定语：
定语从句：
Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?
Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
引导词：
关系词
关系代词有：
that,who,whom,whose,which;在从句中充当：
关系副词有：
when,where,why.在从句充当：
先行词：
定语从句中引关系词的作用：
二、关系词的用法：
（一）关系代词的用法：
1．
Heisthemanlivesnextdoor.
ThetrainhasjustleftisforShenzhen.
2．
Themanwehavejustseenisafamouswriter.
WhereisthebookIboughtlastweek?
注：
3．
（a）Heisthemancarwasstolenlastweek.
（b）ItwasameetingimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.
Theycametoahousebackwallhadbrokendown..（=）
He’swrittenabookthenameI’vecompletelyforgotten.（=）
4．作表语只用that，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。
如：
Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.
Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace（that）itusedtobe.
（二）关系副词的用法：
1．when：
time,day,morning,night,week,year
IstillrememberthetimeIfirstbecameacollegestudent.
DoyouknowthedateLincolnwasborn?
2．Whereplace,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country
Thisisthehoteltheyarestaying.
IforgetthehousetheSmithslived.
3．why
Thatisthereasonheisleavingsosoon.
（三）使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
when=on（in,at,during…）+which;
where=in（at,on…）+which;
why=forwhich.如：
IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen（=onwhich）hearrived.
Theofficewhere（=inwhich）heworksisonthethirdfloor.
Thisisthechiefreasonwhy（=forwhich）wedidit.
2．当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的place,house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：
I’llneverforgetthedaymyhometownwasliberated.
I’llneverforgetthedayswespenttogetherlastsummer.
Hisfatherworksinafactoryradiopartsaremade.
Hisfatherworksinafactorymakesradioparts.
三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句
Thisisthetelegramwhichherefersto.
Isthereanything（that）Icandoforyou?
2．非限制性定语从句
ThisnotewasleftbyTom,whowashereamomentago.
Asaboy,hewasalwaysmakingthings,mostofwhichwereelectric.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
who,whom,whose,which,when和where，不可以用that和why。
注意：
ItoldthestorytoJohn,wholaterdidittohisbrother.
=ItoldthestorytoJohn,andhelatertoldittohisbrother.
YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohn,whowaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
=YesterdayIhappenedtoseeJohnandhewaseagertohaveatalkwithyou.
4．先行词为整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，用which或as来引导。
如：
Hepassedtheexam,which/ashehopedhewould.
注：
（1）as引导的从句可以放在主句之前、中、后，而which引导的从句只能放在主句之后。
Theyarehollow,whichmakesthemverylight.
Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofChina.
（2）as常译成“就象……那样”，正如….
as的短语
Aseverybodyknows,Luxunisafamouswriter.
Luxun,aseverybodyknows,isafamouswriter.
asweallknow
asoftenhappens
asyousee
asisknowntoall
asisexpected
ashasbeensaidbefore
asIcanremember
四．关系词的选择
1．在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只能用that，不用which的情况：
（1）当先行词是all,alot,（a）little,few,much,none,anything,something,everything,nothing等词时。
如：
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
InthisfactoryIsawlittle/muchthatwasdifferentfromours.
（2）当先行词被all,anyno,much,little,few,every等限定词所修饰时。
如：
Weheardclearlyeverywordthathesaid.
（3）当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。
如：
Thefirstthingthatshouldbedoneistogetthetickets.
WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou,thefirstthatcomestomindistheWestLake.
（4）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容
词最高级同时修饰时，如：
Isthatthebestthatyoucando?
That’sthemostexpensivehotelthatwe’veeverstayedin.
ThisnovelisthesecondbestonethatIhaveeverread.
（5）当先行词被thevery,theonly,thenext,thelast等所修饰时。
如：
ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.
（6）当先行词为指人和指物的两个并列名词词组时。
如：
TheguestsspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheirperformancesthattheysawattheChildren’sPalace.
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplacesthatimpressedhermost.
（7）当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：
Whichisthecarthatkilledtheboy?
2.在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，用who（m），而不用that的情况：
（1）当先行词是one,ones,any,few,anyone,anybody,someone,somebody,everyone,
everybody等词时。
如：
Isthereanyonewhocananswerthisquestion?
Hewasamongthefewwhomanagedtolivethroughtheenemyprisoncamp.
（2）当先行词是he,they,those,people,person等词时。
如：
Hewhowantstocatchfishjustnotmindgettingwet.
Thosewhoareagainsttheproposalputupyourhands.
3.在定语从句中，当先行词指人时，在下列情况中，一般用关系词that:
（1）当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
如：
Whoisthemanthatisreadingthenewspaperoverthere?
Whichofusthatknowsanythingdoesnotknowthis?
（2）当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时。
如：
Heisthegreatestmanthathaseverlived.
（3）当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等词所修饰时。
如：
Sheistheonlypersonthatunderstandsme.
4介词+关系代词介词的选择
1.介词与定语从句中的动词、形容词搭配
Humanhavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmenttheylive.
Hewasgenerouswithhistime,Iwasgrateful.
2.介词与先行词搭配
Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,____appearedararerainbowsoon.
A.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhich
3.ofwhich的用法
1）Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,____NewYorkisanexample.
A.forwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
2）Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,weremadeofsmalldiamonds.
A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich
选择正确的介词：
oninforofwithto
1.Idisagreewiththefacts____whichyourargumentisbased.
2.Thesong,___whichhewasinterested,willneverbeheardagain.
3.Thisisthereason____whichheoftencomestoschoollate.
4.Iwillneverforgettheway____whichmyfathertaughtme.
5.Thisistheboy_____whomwe’reproud.
6.Iwanttofindtheverypen___whichIwrotetheletter.
7.Theyaretheboys____whomourteachersarespeakinghighly.
8.Itisnecessarytonametheperson____whomthecardsbelong.
9.Itisimportanttochoosegoodfriends___whomyoucanshareyourhappiness.
10.Iwouldliketodobusinesswiththosepeople___whomIcanrely.
定语从句常见错误分析
I.句子结构错误。
1.昨天王老师上了一节非常生动而有趣的课。
误：
YesterdayMrWangtaughtthelessonwasverylivelyand
interesting.
2.你上个月从图书馆借的那本书还了吗？
误：
Haveyoureturnedmethebookyouborroweditfromthe
librarylastmonth?
3.我永远也不会忘记我在那儿生活了八年的村庄。
误：
I'llneverforgetthevillagewhereIonceworkedthere
foreightyears.
II.介词错误
1.你们住的那个房间太小了。
误：
Theroomwhichyouarelivingistoosmall.
2.你能借给我你们刚才谈论到的那本书吗？
误：
Canyoulendmethebookaboutthatyouweretalkingjust
now?
3.我问他去过的城市中哪个城市的人口最多。
误：
Iaskedwhichofthecitiesthathehadbeenhadthelargestpopulation.
III.选择关系词
1.那幢红色屋顶的房子是去年夏天建的。
误：
Thebuildingwhichroofisredwasbuiltlastsummer.
2.你认识那个我想他可能教我们英语的老师吗？
误：
DoyouknowtheteacherwhomIthinkwillcometoteach
usEnglish?
3.你指的是去年我们参观的那所学校吗？
误：
Doyoumeantheschoolwherewevisitedlastyear?
4.这是我所看到过的最好的一部电影。
误：
ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveeverseen.
5.我没有告诉她真情，这使我心里很不安。
误：
Ididn'ttellherthetruth,thatmademeuneasy.
6.现在你所要做的一切就是好好休息。
误：
Allwhatyoushoulddonowistotakeagoodrest.
IV.一致关系
1.他是昨天受老师表扬的学生之一。
误：
Heisoneofthestudentswhowaspraisedbytheteacher
yesterday.
2.他这次考试不及格，这证明他学习不够刻苦。
误：
Hefailedintheexam,whichprovethathehadn'tworked
hardenoughathislessons.
3.他们已将所有属于我的东西归还给我。
误：
Theyhavereturnedmeallthatbelongtome.
V.as用作关系代词引导定语从句
1.我从来还没有听过象他讲的这么有趣的故事。
误：
Ihadneverheardsuchaninterestingstorylikehetold.
2.正如老师所说的，我们应该通过讲英语学习讲英语。
误：
AstheteachersaidthatweshouldlearntospeakEnglish
byspeakingit.
3.学一们外语，正如他们所学的，不是一件容易的事。
误：
Tolearnaforeignlanguage,astheylearned,wasnotan
easyjob.
改正下列句子中的错误：
1.That'sallwhatDrWangsaidatthemeetingyesterday.
2.Thereisnothingintheworldwhichcanchangemymind.
3.ImetaformerstudentIlikehimverymuchwhenhestudied
atourschool.
4.Thesunheatstheearth,whichmakeitpossibleforplantsto
grow.
5.HaveyoueverheardofsuchacleverboylikeJohn?
6.Peoplewhohaseyescansometimesactjustasfoolishlyas
theblindmen.
7.Aseveryoneknowsthathewasabletohelppeoplewiththeir
personalaffairs.
8.ThecamerawhichItookmybestphotosbelongedtomyfather.
9.Ourenginesandmachines,mostofthathavewheels,areunlike
anythinginnature.
10.ThedaythattheyweretoleaveforAmericawascoming.
定语从句专项练习题
1.Therearethreebedroomsinthehouse,_____isMary's.
Athesmallest ofwhich Bthesmallerofwhich
Cthesmallestofthem Dthesmallestone
2.TheGreenswillmoveintothenewhousenextMonday,_____itwillbecompletelyfinished.
Abythetime Bbywhichtime Cbythattime Dbythistime
3.Alicehasalargecollectionofphone,_____wastakeninlondon.
Anoneofthem Bnooneofwhich Callofwhich Dnoneofwhich
4.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople____villageItaughtbefore livedahappylife.
Awho Bwhose Cinwhose Dinwhich
5.Thereisamoutain____thetopisalwayscoveredwithsnow.
Awhose Bof which Cit's Dthat
6.Shemayhavemissedhertrain,in____caseshewon'tarriveforanotherhour.
Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dthis
7.1）Ihavethreechildren,andtwoof_____aredoctors.
2）Ihavethreechildren,twoof____aredoctors.
8.Theretwothousandstudentsinourschool,____aregirls.
Atwo-thirdsinwhich Btwo-thirdsinthem Ctwo-thirdsofthem Dofwhomtwothirds
9.Ihave
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