高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题教学文案Word下载.docx
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把时钟往前拨,把东西往前移(常忘记的词组)
Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?
Heputforwardanewplan.
Putyourwatchforward;
it'
sfiveminutesslower.
Whydon'
tyou
put
yourchair
forward
togetabetterview?
putdown记下;
放下;
镇压putout熄灭
putaside放在一边;
储存;
保留putoff推迟;
延期
putup;
举起;
张贴;
搭建puton穿上;
上映,上演;
增加
putaway收好,整理,归类
The
band
are
hoping
to
on
UK
show
before
the
end
year.
I
can
eat
what
want
but
never
weight
We
should
aside
our
differences
discuss
things
we
have
in
common
scientificadj.科学的
concludevt.&
vi.结束;
推断出
conclusionn.结论;
结束
drawaconclusion提出结论
analysevt.分析
infectvt.传染;
感染(病毒,疾病),或者污染(比如说水质被污染不干净了)
affecteffect辨析
affect强调影响的动作,过程。
(做动词)
divorce
affected
Jim
deeply
Climate
weather
affect
every
aspect
lives
effect强调影响的结果(一般做名词,有时也动词),常接句型:
haveaneffectonsth.
Ifanareaisaffectedbyflooding,theeffectcanbedevastating。
infectiousadj.传染的
defeatvt.打败;
战胜;
使受挫n.失败
[辨析]win,beat与defeat
win“赢得”赛事、战事、某物;
beat“战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手,可与defeat互换
Webeat/defeatedtheirteamby10scores.
Theywonthebattlebutlostmanymen.
Thelocalballteamwonthestatechampionshipbybeating/defeatingalltheotherteams.
expertadj.熟练的;
经验或知识丰富的n.专家;
行家
attendvt.照顾;
护理;
出席;
参加(照顾可加to也可不加)
attendaceremony/lecture/ameeting/school
attendto:
tolookafter,carefor,serve伺候,照顾,看护
Thequeenhadagooddoctorattending(on)her.
Motherhadtoattendtohersickson.
physiciann.医生;
内科医师physicist:
物理学家
doctor医生,是个通用词,几乎什么场合都能用.
physician主要是指“内科医生”,与“外科医生(surgeon)(此单词要背)”相对,当然在美语中我也经常听到普通医生也说surgeon.
exposevt.暴露;
揭露;
使曝光
expose…to(to做介词)使显露;
暴露
Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.(书本原句)但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时,他就感到很振奋。
exposedtocholera在句中是过去分词作后置定语,表示被动。
意为“患霍乱的”。
ThebookwrittenbyLuxunisverypopular.
ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.
exposesb/sthtosthHeexposeshisskintothesun.
beexposedtosth.(to做介词)
Hisskinisexposedtothesun
Wearesupposedtobeexposedtoasmuchartandcultureaspossible.
deadlyadj.致命的
curen.治愈;
痊愈vt.治愈;
治疗
outbreakn.爆发;
发作(尤指疾病或战争)
challengen.挑战vt.向……挑战
victimn.受害者
victim是受害人,受伤或在意外中死亡的人都可以称为victim
Notallthevictimssurvived.
sufferer是受难者或患病者,一般指遭受苦难或患病的人
absorbvt.吸收;
吸引;
使专心句型:
beabsorbedin
(1)专注,聚精会神
beabsorbedin=putone’sheartinto=concentrateon集中精力做某事
Iwasabsorbedinabookanddidn’thearyourcall.
Absorbedinhiswork,Tomsimplyforgotfoodandsleep.
(2)吸收,把……吸收入
Blackclothabsorbslight.黑布吸收光线。
Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.
Thecleverboyabsorbedalltheknowledgehisteachercouldgivehim.
suspectvt.怀疑n.被怀疑者;
嫌疑犯
enquiryn.询问(此单词高考少见,不过生活中倒是见得多,=inquiry)
比如说某个单位的问询处,公安办案的询问,都是此单词
neighbourhoodn.附近;
邻近intheneighborhood在附近
severeadj.严重的;
剧烈的;
严厉的(=soserious)
Iwascaughtinaseverestormlastnightandcouldn’tgobackhomeintime.
Hehassuchasevereillnessthathehasbeeninhospital.
Isufferedasevereattackoftoothache.
clueadj.线索;
提示
pumpn.泵;
抽水机vt.(用泵)抽(水)
Cambridge剑桥大街
foreseevt.预见;
预知
fore为前缀:
在前面,在以前。
由此可得出很多词汇的大概意思
forearmn.前臂foreheadn.前额
foresightn.先见之明,远见,深谋远虑foretasten.预尝,先试
foretellv.预言,预测forewarnv.预先警告
forewordn.前言,引言,序forecastv./n.
foregroundn.前景(background背景)
investigatevt.&
vi.调查
investigationn.调查
blamevt.责备;
谴责过失;
责备
blamesb.forsth./doingsth.因某事责备某人
Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan.
blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人
Thepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonjack’scarelessdriving.
betoblamefor(doing)sth.因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责;
注意:
betoblame应受责备(主动表被动);
应负责任
Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident.
pollutevt.污染;
弄脏
handlen.柄;
把手vt.处理;
操纵=dealwith(此单词两个意思老会忘记其中一个,必须牢记)
germn.微生物;
细菌
linkvt.&
n.连接;
联系
link…to…将……和……联系或连接起来
announcevt.宣布;
通知
certaintyn.确信;
确实
instructvt.命令;
指示;
教导
responsibleadj.有责任的;
负责的(beresponsiblefor对......有责任)
名词形式为responsibility责任
初学此单词及其容易与response混淆
responsen.回应,回复(theresponseto),动词形式为respond
There
has
been
no
response
his
remarks
from
government
constructvt.建设;
修建
constructionn.建设;
建筑物(underconstruction在建设当中)
contributevt.&
vi.捐献,贡献;
导致,助于
1.此单词初三学过一个短语为makeacontributionto(为.....作出贡献)
Thisinventionmadeamajorcontributiontoroadsafety.
2.Hisresearchhascontributedalottoourunderstandingofthisdisease.
Hepromisedtocontribute$5,000totheschoolrebuildingproject.
3.contributeto可表示“导致,促成;
有助于”。
此句型的结构和意思有点类似于leadto
Smokingcertainlycontributedtohisearlydeath.
apartfrom除……之外;
此外
1)相当于besides.意为“除……以外(还包括)”
Apartfrommymothertongue,Ispeakseveralforeignlanguagesaswell.
除了母语外,我还会讲好几种外语。
2)相当于except.意为“除……以外(不包括)”
IlikeallthesubjectsapartfromEnglish.除了英语外,我喜欢所有学科。
fireworkn.烟火(燃放)
chartn.图表
creativeadj.有创造力的;
创造性的;
独创的
co-operativeadj.合作的
positiveadj.积极的;
肯定的;
确实的
(be)strictwith…对……严格的
revolutionaryadj.革命的;
重大变革的
movementn.移动;
运动;
动作
makesense讲得通;
有意义
Itdoesn'
tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatforthesecheaperonesarejustasgood.
backwardadv.&
adj.向后地(的);
相反地(的);
退步地(的)
loopn.圈;
环
privatelyadv.私下地;
秘密地
spinvi.&
vt.(使)旋转;
纺(线或纱)
brightnessn.明亮;
亮度;
聪颖
enthusiasticadj.热情的;
热心的句型:
beenthusiasticabout
cautiousadj.小心的;
谨慎的becautiousabout对......谨慎名词是:
caution
rejectvt.拒绝;
不接受;
抛弃
universen.宇宙;
世界
过去分词作定语
1)语法功能
相当于一个定语从句
ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.ThebikewhichwasstolenbelongstoJack.
ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.
ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.
theaffectedpeople受感染的人abrokenheart一颗破碎的心
alostdog丧家之犬abrokenglass被打破的玻璃杯
Attention:
过去分词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,those等不定代词时,要放在这些词后面。
Is
there
anything
unsolved?
is
noting
changed
here
since
left
this
town.
b.过去分词短语作定语:
通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。
peopleexposedtocholera=peoplewhowasexposedtocholera
thebookrecommendedbyJack=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbyJack
themachinesproducedlastyear=themachineswhichwereproducedlastyear
c.不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表被动,只表完成。
arisensun已升起的太阳thegonedays逝去的时光
fallenleaves落叶
2)现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别:
Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.
Haveyoureadthebookrecommendedbyyourteacher?
thechangingworld(正在变化的)thechangedworld(变化了的)
boilingwater(正在沸腾的)boiledwater(已经沸腾过的)
fadingflowers(正在凋谢的)fadedflowers(已经凋谢的)
adevelopingcountry(发展中的)adevelopedcountry(发达的)
adrowningman快要淹死的人adrownedman已经淹死的人
fallingleaves正在飘落的树叶fallenleaves落叶
aretiredworker退休工人anescapedprisoner逃犯
3)及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”,但前者多表示一个完成了的动作,而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
theproblemdiscussedyesterdayisverycomplicated
theproblembeingdiscussedisverycomplicated
过去分词做表语
1过去分词(短语)作表语时,其作用相当于adj.,说明的是主语的状态
Allthewindowsarebroken.
Allhopeisgone.
Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.
常见作表语的过去分词有:
disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried,gone,dressed,lost等。
注意
过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似,但两者表达的意思明显不同,前者说明主语的特点及所处的状态,而后者强调被动的动作。
Myglassesarebroken.我的眼镜碎了。
(状态)
Myglasseswerebrokenbymyson.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。
(动作)
1.Thedisc,digitally______inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.
A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded
2.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.
A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown
3.Mostoftheartists_____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
4.Assoonassheenteredtheroom,thegirlcaughtsightoftheflowers____by
hermother.
A.buyingB.beingboughtC.wereboughtD.bought
5.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.
A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known
6.Thecomputercenter,_____lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.
A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened
7.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesget_____bythehour.
A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay
8.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.
A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed
9.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain___astheplanewasmakingalanding.
A.seat
B.seating
C.seated
D.tobeseating
10.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto_____beforetheparty.
A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange