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此类形容词有:
easy,hard,difficult,cheap,expensive,fit,nice,good,funny,exciting,light,heavy,dangerous,comfortable,delicious等。
动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。
Thefishisdelicioustoeat.这鱼好吃。
8.有些动词或动词短语本身是不及物的,所以没有被动语态。
如:
happen,takeplace,breakout,occur,last,comeintobeing;
belongto;
cost;
cometrue;
addupto;
giveout(用完,耗尽);
runout,comeup(被提出),comeout(出版).
9.部分介词往往具有动词含义,表示被动意义,如:
beon(进行);
beonshow=display(展览);
beonsale;
beunderdiscussion/attack/control/construction/repair/investigation---
练习题
1.Thesilkshirtsmadebythatfactory______easilyand_____well.
A.washes;
sellB.arewashed;
aresoldC.wash;
sellD.arewashed;
sell
2.Thewaterinthislakehasbeenpollutedandisn’tfit_______.
A.todrinkwithB.tobedrunkC.todrinkD.tobedrinking
3.Afterthetouristswerelostinthemountainsforawholeweek,theirfoodandwater______.
A.wererunoutB.ranoutC.usedupD.weregivenout
4.Thedigitalcameraishighinprice,butit’swellworth_______.
A.purchasedB.tobepurchasedC.purchasingD.beingpurchased
5.Thoughtheyhaveretiredfromthecompany,theworkers_______ofhowthebusinessisgoingon.
A.aretoinformB.areinformedC.willinformD.areinforming
6.—What’sthatnoise?
(2008浙江卷)
—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.
A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested
7.—Hasthenewbook______?
—Notyet,it_____.
A.comeout;
isprintedB.beencomeout;
isbeingprinted
C.comeout;
hasbeenprintedD.comeout;
isbeingprinted
8.Pleasegivethebookbacktowhomit______.
A.isbelongedB.isbelongedtoC.belongsD.belongsto
9.TheNo.9bus_______bytheheavytrafficandmanypassengersarenowanxiouslywaitingatthebusstop.
A.hasbeendelayedB.hasdelayedC.hadbeendelayedD.isdelaying
10.Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdisease_______greatlyifpeoplearepersuadedtoeatmorefruitandvegetables.
A.arereducingB.willbereducedC.willreduceD.tobereduced
11.(2009重庆卷)ProfessorWilliamskeepstellinghisstudentsthatthefuture_______tothewell-educated.
A.belongsB.isbelongedC.isbelongingD.willbebelonged
12.(2009四川卷)—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?
—Thebridgetoit_________.
A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired
13.(2008全国I卷)Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront______toarrive.
A.isexpectedB.isexpectingC.expectsD.willbeexpected.
1.C。
wash,sell这两个动词用主动形式表示主语的性质或特征。
2.C。
此句的不定式和主语构成动宾关系,此时常常用主动形式表示被动意义。
3.B。
runout是不及物动词短语,意思是“耗尽,用完”;
useup“用完”,是及物动词短语;
giveout表示“耗尽,用完”时,是不及物动词短语。
4.C。
beworth+doing,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
5.B。
informsbofsth“使某人知晓某事”。
6.C。
根据语境可知,这台新机器正在被测试。
7.D。
comeout是不及物动词,所以B答案不对。
由notyet可知,此书正在被印制中。
8.D。
belongto“属于,有一个适当的位置或地位,应该在(某处)”不能用语被动语态。
9.A。
9路车被耽搁了,该是被动语态,manypassengersarenowanxiouslywaiting---这是过去的发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果,该使用现在完成时的被动态。
10.B。
reduce的动作执行者不是人,因此用被动语态。
11.A。
belongto没有被动式,根据句意时态该是一般现在时。
12.C。
根据句意“通往那条路的桥正在被修理中”可知是进行时的被动语态。
13.A。
acoldfront与expect是被动关系,是现在预测明天的天气状况。
动词及动词短语
动词
动词是句子的核心,句子的时态和语态等全依靠动词来体现。
动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词;
及物动词可直接接宾语,有被动语态;
不及物动词不能直接接宾语,需要借助介词等。
还有很多动词既是及物动词,也是不及物动词。
I.实义动词
1.及物动词:
后面必须接宾语意义才完整的实义动词叫及物动词。
Eg.Ithinktheteacherwillconsideroursuggestion.
(1).带双宾语的动词有:
give,show,offer,bring,buy,find,get,give,hand,lead,make,pass,teach,tell等,一般间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;
如果直接宾语在前,间接宾语在后,那么应该在间接宾语前加介词to或for。
Eg.Myuncleboughtmeanewdictionary.
Myuncleboughtanewdictionaryforme.
Thefathergavehissonabook.
Thefathergaveabooktohisson.
(2).带形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:
consider,find,get,keep,leave,make,turn,paint,think,want.
Eg.Iwanteverythingreadybeforethemeetingstarts.
Theteacherkeptallthechildrenquietintheclassroom.
(3).带名词作宾语补足语的动词有:
call,consider,chose,elect,find,name,make等。
Eg.WeallmadeTommonitorofourclass.
Ifinditmydutytohelpstudents.
2.不及物动词:
本身意义完整,后面不接宾语的实义动词,叫不及物动词。
Eg.Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.
Didyousleepwelllastnight?
3.兼作及物动词和不及物动词:
英语中有很多动词,既是及物动词,又是不及物动词,有时意义不变,有时意义不同。
Eg.Shallwebeginnow?
Shebeganworkinginacompanyaftergraduation.
II.连系动词
连系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。
常见的连系动词有:
be,seem,look,become,get,appear,remain,turn,grow等。
It’sgettingwarmerandwarmer.
Theproblemremainedunsolveduntillastyear.
动词短语
英语中一些动词可以与另外的词构成一个具有新的词义的固定搭配,表达一个概念,其作用和一个单独的动词差不多,而且不可分割,这种短语称为动词短语。
动词短语的用法:
1.动词+介词:
这类短语动词都是及物动词短语,其宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面。
Eg.Thelittleboylookedathisparentsandcried.
2.动词+副词:
这类短语动词可分为及物动词短语和不及物动词短语。
及物动词短语的宾语如果是名词,该名词可置于动词和副词之间或副词之后;
如果是代词宾语,这个代词只能放在动词和副词之间。
Eg.Iwilltrymybesttogetoverthedifficultyahead.
Wheredidyoupickitup?
Thepriceofthehousesisgoingupsharplyinsomebigcities.
3.动词+副词+介词:
这类短语动词均为及物动词性质,宾语必须放在介词后面。
Eg.IhopeIcanliveuptotheexpectationsofmyteachers.
4.动词+名词+介词:
这类短语动词也都是及物动词性质,宾语必须放在介词后面。
Eg.Hegotwindofthesituationandwenthome.
1.(2009浙江卷)PractisingChineseKungfucannotonly______one’sstrength,butalsodevelopone’scharacter.
A.bringupB.takeupC.buildupD.pullup
buildupone’sstrength是固定短语,意思是“增强某人的力量”。
2.(2009四川卷)—HowaboutyourjourneytoMountEmei?
—Everythingwaswonderfulexceptthatourcar______twiceontheway.
A.sloweddownB.brokedownC.gotdownD.putdown
2.B。
slowdown“减速,放慢”;
getdown“下来,写下”;
putdown“记下”;
breakdown“车辆或机器等坏了,不工作;
垮掉”。
3.(2009湖北卷)Duringthewartherewasaseriouslackoffood.Itwasnotunusualthateventhewealthyfamilieshadto______breadfordays.
A.eatupB.giveawayC.dowithoutD.dealwith
3.C。
eatup“吃光”;
giveaway“泄露”;
dealwith“处理,对付”;
dowithout“没有或不用某人或某物也行”;
句意为:
战争期间粮食严重匮乏。
甚至富有的家庭几天不吃面包也是很正常的。
1—Iamsorrytohave____toomuchofyourtime.
—That’sok,andIamgladtohelpyou.
A.takenupB.takenonC.takenoffD.takenin
2.MysonJohnaskedmeto____himoffatschoolonmywaytoworkbecauseitwasraining.
A.takeB.dropC.putD.cut
3.Theyoungwomanwalking(徒步)onthestreetlookednice,soVince____heralift.
A.sharedB.tookC.gaveD.put
4.Whetherhisexperimentwillbesuccessful____tobeseen.
A.seemsB.looksC.keepsD.remains
5.Weneedto_____ouractivevocabularystepbystep.
A.growB.addC.developD.raise
6.ThebestsellingMBAbook_____economics
A.coversB.containsC.includesD.consists
7.Inthepasttenyears,Governmenthas_____thepriceofcertaindrugsforsome11times.
A.droppedB.reducedC.lowedD.decreased
8.Somecompaniesprovidespecialbenefitswhenemployeesagreeto_____aridetowork.
A.shareB.takeC.carryD.get
9.Everydaywe____morethan40,000passengerstoover100destinationsaroundtheworld.
A.carryB.flyC.pickupD.bring
10.Don’tforgetto____theicecreamonthewayhome.
A.holdupB.comeupC.turnupD.pickup
11.Couldyouplease_____oneofyoursandwichesforthehungryboy.
A.saveB.leaveC.giveD.spare
12.Howmanycandidates(候选人)istheLibertyParty____intheGeneralElections.
A.takingpartinB.runningC.joiningD.attending
13.Theteachershouldanswerallthequestionsthestudents____aspossibleastheycan.
A.provideB.giveC.raiseD.rise
14.Toeveryone’ssurprise,thefashionablegirl____tobeathief.
A.comesoutB.findsoutC.figuresoutD.turnsout
15.Childrenunderfivearenot____tothisprimaryschoolexceptthoseofextraordinaryintelligence(智力超常).
A.acceptedB.receivedC.admittedD.permitted
16.Anyonewhoattendedthemeetingshouldhaveraisedsomeusefulsuggestionstosolvetheproblems.Theunderlinedwordcanbereplacedby________.
A.putupB.comeupwithC.providedD.given
17.Mr.Johnsonisamanofgoodtemper,andhisgoodtempernever_____him.
A.failsB.disappointsC.controlsD.worries
18.Inourschool,thewomenteachers_______56percentofthestaff.
A.turnupB.standforC.makeupD.sendup
19.Ifyouworkhardlikethis,youwill_____soonerorlater.
A.giveoutB.breakupC.breakdownD.falldown
20.Themailwas_______fortwodaysbecauseoftheheavysnows.
A.heldoutB.heldupC.heldbackD.heldoff
21.Theplansputforwardinthemeetingshallbe_____strictly.
A.carriedonB.carriedoutC.provedD.practised
22—Howdidyoufindyoursisterinsuchabigandstrangecity?
—I_______herattherailwaystationwhenIwasjustgoingbackhome.
A.cameaboutB.cameoutC.cameupD.cameacross
23.Afterasuccessfuloperation,Renaldohasbeguntodosomeexerciseto_____strength.
A.improveB.decreaseC.increaseD.raise
24.Ifyouareworkingevenharder,you_____tobepromotedtobeamanagersoon.
A.promiseB.wishC.turnoutD.prove
25.Ihavevisitedalotofcountriesandstayedinmanydiff