外研版高一英语必修一Module1语法总结材料Word格式.docx
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nɒlədʒi]n.技术
impress[im'
pres]vt.给…深刻印象
correction[kə'
rekʃən]n.改正
encouragement[in'
kʌridʒmənt]n.鼓励
enjoyment[in'
dʒɒimənt]n.享受,乐趣
fluency['
flu:
ənsi]n.流利
misunderstanding[,misʌndə'
stæ
ndiŋ]n.误解
disappointed[,disə'
pɒintid]adj.失望的
disappointing[,disə'
pɒintiŋ]adj.令人失望的
system['
sistəm]n.系统;
制度
teenager['
ti:
nidʒə]n.青少年
disappear[,disə'
piə]vi.消失
move[mu:
v]vt.搬家,移动
assistant[ə'
sistənt]n.助手
cover['
kʌvə]vt.包括n.盖子
diploma[di'
pləumə]n.毕业文凭,学位证书
重点词组
inotherwords换句话说
lookforwardtodoingsth.期待;
盼望
lookfor寻找
beimpressedwith对…印象深刻
bedifferentfrom与…不同
atthestartof在……开始的时候
attheendof在……结束的时候
bedividedinto被(划)分成……
takepartin参加
2.语法基础
2.1语法入门
主语:
句子或者句意的主要人物或事物,一般在句首。
主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。
谓语:
谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:
Wecome.
宾语:
宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如:
me,him,them等
例:
Theboyneedsapen.
定语:
对主语或者宾语的修饰。
汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。
副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
_________作定语:
Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.
Twoboysneedtwopens.
___________________作定语:
HisboyneedsTom\'
spen.
___________作定语:
Theboyneedsaballpen.
状语:
主语处于一种什么状态。
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:
通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意。
如:
Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.
_________状语:
Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen.
补语:
补充说明信息和情况。
补语,就是补充说明的语言,英语中一般有主语补语和宾语补足语,主语补语很少提及,宾语补足语倒是句子的常见组成部分。
例一Pleasedon'
tcallmefat.
例二Theymadethegirlcry.
2.2词法
名词(n),动词(v),形容词(adj),副词(adv),冠词,代词,介词
MODULE1精讲
3.1.
I
like
Chinese
because
enjoy
reading
stories
and
poems.
非谓语动词做宾语——v.ing&
todosth.
enjoydoing……喜欢做
只能接动名词做宾语:
enjoyimaginecan`thelp
喜欢想象禁不住
3.2.Iliveinshijiazhuang,acitynotfarfromBeijing.
(1)acitynotfarfromBeijing是shijiazhuang的同位语
(2)比较级:
far—farther—farthest
Icanthrowtheballfartherthanyoucan.
(3)far表示不确切的距离,表示距离的数量词不能与它搭配。
判断:
Shelivesfivemilesfarfromhere.
Shelivesfivemilesfromhere.
Shelivesfarfromhere.
3.3.The
teachers
write
on
the
computer,
their
words
appear
screen
behind
them.
appear常用作不及物动词或连系动词,表示“出现,显现”,后接不定式、形容词或从句。
appear做连系动词,表示“似乎,显得”。
Itappearsthatshewillwin.
3.4.And
we
have
fun.
(1)have
fun
玩得开心,快乐
(2)havefun(in)doingsth.做某事是快乐的
havefunwithsb.和某人在一起是快乐的
The
children
were
having
a
lot
of
with
building
blocks.
3.5.I'
m
looking
forward
to
doing
it!
look
sth./doing
sth.
期待着某事/做某事”,其中“to”是介词。
动词+介词to构成的常用短语有:
turn
求助于;
转向;
翻到……
pay
attention
注意……
belong
属于
3.6.The
are
very
enthusiastic
friendly
classrooms
amazing.
(1)beenthusiasticaboutsb./sth.对…热心/着迷
Zhengchiisenthusiasticaboutfootballgames.
(2)amazingadj.令人吃惊的
Itisamazingthatyoucan`tswim.
(3)以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词用法:
例Sheisan____(interest)writer,andI`m____(interest)inthesubjectsthatshe____(write)about.
以-ing和-ed的结尾的形容词,常用来表示―特征‖和―状态‖。
形式是动词的过去分词和现在分词,但是实际上却是形容词。
常见的有:
tired/tiring,satisfied/satisfying,interested/interesting,disappointed/disappointing,pleased/pleasing等。
–ed结尾的形容词,通常用于说明句中主语(人)的情绪变化,对人和物的态度感受,常译为―某人感到……的‖
;
-ing
结尾的形容词,主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
通常译为―令人……的‖。
Heisnotinterestedinpolitics.
Thebookisveryinteresting.
比较:
He
is
frightened.
He
frightening.
3.7.The
teacher
woman
called
Ms
Shen.
例Theplayers________fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.
A.selectingB.toselect
C.selectedD.havingselected
(1)called
Shen过去分词短语作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在被动关系,相当于定语从句的who/thatiscalledMs
Wevisitedthenewlibrarybuiltthreeweeksago.
(2)过去分词作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在被动关系;
现在分词作定语,与所修饰的词逻辑关系上存在主动关系。
Doyouknowthemanstandingbythedoor?
Doyouknowthemanlockedintheroom?
3.8.Ms
Shen’s
method
teaching
nothing
at
my
Junior
High
school.
(1)nothinglike丝毫不像somethinglike大约,有点像
(2)that代替前面提到的method
【辨析】one,that,it用法解析
例Ifyou'
rebuyingtoday'
spaperfromthestand,couldyouget______forme?
A.oneB.it
C.thisD.that
1.one泛指,代替前面提到过的那类人或物,指代可数名词。
复数形式ones前面需要定语修饰。
(同名异物)
Tomhasaredpenandtwoblueones.
2.that特指,代替前面提到过的那类事物,指代可数或者不可数名词。
(同名异物)
Mary'
s
handwriting
far
better
than
that
Peter.
3.it特指,代替前面提到的具体事物。
(同名同物)
lost
umbrella;
I'
for
it.
3.9.I
don'
t
think
will
be
bored
in
Ms.
Shen'
class!
beboredwith对……厌倦
boresbwith因……使某人厌倦
boresb.bydoingsth.做某事使某人厌倦
(1)否定转移:
英语中有些动词,如think,
believe,
expect,
imagine
等,后面接一个具有否定意义的宾语从句时,宾语从句中的not转移到主句的谓语动词中。
We
there
anything
interesting
your
pictures.
我们认为你的画并没有什么有趣的地方.
(2)Ithink(
imagine)+宾语从句,否定转移,反意疑问句与宾语从句主谓一致。
it'
going
rain
tomorrow,
it?
(3)反意疑问句主语不是第一人称,否定转移,反意疑问句与主句主谓一致。
You
made
mistakes,
do
you?
例—I
it
good
animals
stay
zoos,_____
?
—I
agree
you.
A.
isn'
B.
C.
D.
I
4.0.In
other
words,
three
times
as
many
girls
boys.
(1)in
换句话说in
a/one
word简而言之,总之
not
used
way
you
speak
me.
In
want
continue
our
conversations.
例
Ilikethisjacketbetterthanthatone,butitcostsalmostthreetimes______.
A.asmuchB.asmany
C.somuchD.somany
(2)倍数
+as+
adj.
+as+被比较的对象
Asia
four
large
Europe.
倍数+
比较级+than+被比较的对象
larger
倍数+the
size/length/height+
of+被比较的对象
Asia
size
课后练习
1.Theparentssuggested_____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.
A.sleepB.tosleep
C.sleepingD.havingslept
2.Ican’tstand____withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses____talkingwhilesheworks.
A.working;
stoppingB.towork;
stopping
C.workingtostopD.toworktostop
3.Theartshowwas_____beingafailure;
itwasagreatsuccess.
A.farfromB.nextto
C.alongwithD.regardlessfrom
4.----Wearesupposedtobethereat6:
00?
----_________Iknow,soweare.
A.AssoonasB.Asfaras
C.SolongasD.Aspossibleas
5.Mybrotherisanactor.He_________inseveralfilmssofar.
A.appearsB.appeared
C.hasappearedD.isappearing
6.----I`mgoingtostayinBeijingfortwodays.
----__________!
A.ThanksB.It`smypleasure
C.WithpleasureD.Havefun
7.Thankyou____visitingourschool.Welookforward____seeingyouagain.
A.to;
toB.for;
for
C.for;
toD.to;
for
8.Eveniftoooldtoworkmuch,theretiredworkerisvery_____aboutthestreetaffairs.
A.eagerB.keen
C.anxiousD.enthusiastic
9.Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_____inhislectures.
A.interestedB.interesting
C.interestD.tointerest
10.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps_____fromthelibrary.
A.toborrowB.tobeborrowed
C.borrowedD.borrowing
11.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis__likeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.
A.somethingB.anything
C.nothingD.everything
12.I'
mexpectingapetdogforlong,butmomhasnotimetobuy_________forme.
A.itB.one
C.thisD.that
13.MrsBlackdoesn'
tbelievehersonisabletodesignaplane,__?
A.isheB.isn'
the
C.doesn'
tsheD.doesshe
14.Briantoldyouthattherewasn’tanyoneintheroomatthattime,____?
A.wasthereB.wasnotthere
C.didnotheD.didhe
15.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe___thepresentone.
A.threetimesasbigasB.asthreetimesbigas
C.asbigasthreetimesD.asbigthreetimesas
MODULE1时态
例1“Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow,”Grannyusedtosay,“becauseeverystep_____.”
A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed
例2Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,_____someofitsstoresopen24hourseveryday.
A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept
一般现在时
用动词原形表示,be和have在人称和数上应按照自己的规则与主语保持一致。
其他动词——第三人称单数的变化规律
表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
常和often,always,usually,sometimes,everyday,onceaweek等时间状语连用。
(1)Hetakesawalkaftersuppereveryday.
表示主语的性格,能力,所具备的特征
(2)MaryspeaksbothEnglishandFrenchverywell.
C.
表示客观事实或普遍真理
(3)Lighttravelsfasterthansound
表示安排或计划好的将来要发生的动作。
只限于go,come,leave,start,stay,return,begin等动词
(4)WhendoesthetrainleaveforShanghai?
E.在时间状语和条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
(5)Ifitdoesn`traintomorrow,wewillgoclimbing.
(6)Iwillnotleavehereuntilhecomesheretomorrow.
例3“Themoment____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.
A.cameB.hascome
C.wascomingD.iscoming
例4Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea_____.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere`snoneleft.
A.haverunoutB.arerunningout
C.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout
现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态,常与now,rightnow,atthismoment,atpresent等时间状语连用。
Wea