NCL常见错误解决方案.docx

NCL常见错误解决方案.docx

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NCL常见错误解决方案

NCLFrequentlyAskedQuestions（FAQ）

Basics?

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NCLcorelanguage?

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Fileinput/output?

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Datahandling?

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Dataanalysis?

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Visualization?

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Arrayfunctions?

|Outputformats?

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Errormessages?

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Memoryissues?

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Documentation?

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Miscellaneous?

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Basics

1.WherecanIdownloadNCL

2.I'mhavingproblemsdownloadingNCLfromtheESGwebsite.

3.HowdoIsetupmyenvironmenttorunNCL

4.HowdoIrunNCL

5.HowdoIdeterminetheversionofNCL

6.ArethereanyemaillistsIcanjoin

7.WherecanIseesomeexamplesofhowtouseNCL

8.ArethereanyNCLcommandlineoptionsIcanuse

9.ArethereanyeditorenhancementsforeditingNCLscripts

10.IfI'mrunningNCLinteractively,arethereanycommand-lineshortcutsIcanuse

11.IfI'mrunninginteractively,howcanIloadsomeexistingNCLcode

12.IsthereanywayIcanturnoffthepreceding"（n）"outputwhenIprintabunchofvalues

13.MyNCLscriptisquittingsuddenly,andI'mnotsurewhereand/orwhy.

14.HowdoItellifIhaveanOPeNDAP-enabledNCL

NCLcorelanguage

1.HowdoIcommentalineinNCLIsthereawaytohaveablockofcomments

2.IsthereacontinuationcharacterinNCL

3.HowdoIeasilyconvertanumbertoastring

4.HowdoIcreateanewvariablethatdoesn'tcontaina_FillValueattribute

5.HowdoIcreateadouble,long,short,orbytevariablewithoutusing"new"oroneoftheconversionroutines,like"integertobyte"

6.HowdoIincludethedoublequote（"）characterinanNCLstring

7.CanNCLpromptforuserinput

8.IsitpossibletohaveglobalvariablesinNCL

9.HowcanIdeletemultipleNCLvariableswithonestatement

10.HowdoIdeleteanameddimension

11.IsthereawaytoseetheloadedvariablesandtheirdimensionsinNCLsimilarto"whos"inmatlab

12.I'mgettinganunexpectedvaluewhenIusethepower（'^'）operatorcombinedwithanegativevalue.

13.HowdoIcreatealistofstringintegerswithleadingzeros（"008","009","010",etc）

14.HowdoIgetthecurrentdateintoNCLasastring

15.HowdoIgetalistoffilesintoanarrayofstringsinNCL

16.HowcanIrecursivelygetalistoffilesinadirectorytreeintoNCL

17.HowdoIconcatenatestringsandvaluesinNCL

18.HowdoIretrieveanenvironmentvariableinNCL

19.HowdoIprintnicelyformatted,multiplecolumnsofdatainNCL

20.Canmultiplevariablesbereturnedfromausercreatedfunction

Fileinput/output

1.What'stheeasiestwaytoconvertaGRIB1,GRIB2,HDF4,orHDF-EOS2filetoaNetCDFfile

2.HowdoIdumpthecontentsofaGRIB,HDF,orHDF-EOSfile（orvariableonthefile）tothescreen

3.HowdoIconvertalargefiletoaNetCDFfile

4.HowdoIwritealarge（>2GB）variabletoanetCDFfile

5.HowdoIgetthelatesttablesforreadingGRIBfiles

6.WhyhavesomeofmyGRIB2variablenameschangedsinceIupdatedtoNCL?

HowdoIwriteascalartoaNetCDFfile

7.HowdoIretainmetadataforavariablethatwasreadoffaseriesoffilesusing"addfiles"

8.HowdoIaccessanNCLfilevariable,attributes,orcoordinatearraysiftheyhavehyphens/dashes（'-'）inthename

9.HowdoIread/writeNetCDF,HDF4,HDF-EOS2,GRIB1,GRIB2,orCCMHistoryTapefiles

10.HowdoIread/writeASCIIfiles

11.HowdoIreadCSVfiles

12.HowdoIwriteaformattedASCIIfile

13.HowdoIreadanASCIIfileifIdon'tknowhowmanylinesitcontains

14.HowdoIreadanASCIIfilethatcontainsdelimiters

15.HowdoIread/writebinaryfiles

16.OnceI'veopenedafilewith"addfile",howdoIfindoutwhatvariablesandattributesitcontains

17.Isthereawaytocontrolwhethermybinaryfileisreadorwrittenaslittleendianorbigendian

18.I'mhavingtroublereadingaFortranbinaryfilewithrecords.

19.I'mtryingtoconvertafiletoaNetCDFfileusing"ncl_convert2nc",butgettinganerrormessageaboutviolatingformatconstraints.

20.WhydoIgetdifferentresultswhenreadingmyHDF-EOS2file,dependingonwhetherIusethe".hdf"or".hdfeos"extension

21.CanIreadshapefilesusingNCL

22.HowcanIgetatvgroupdataonmyHDF4file

23.WhenIrunmyscript,I'mgettinganerrormessage"ncclose:

ncid0:

NetCDF:

NotavalidID".

24.WhenItrytoaccesstheClimateDiagnosticsCenter[CDC]OPeNDAPserverviaNCL,Iget"Permissiondenied".

25.I'mrunningintoaproblemwhenopeninglotsoffileswithaddfileoraddfiles（"Toomanyfilesopen"）.

Datahandling

1.HowdoIsetamissingvalueformydata

2.HowdoIdetermineifmydatacontainsanymissingvalues,orcounthowmanymissingvaluesithas

3.HowdoIchangethemissingvaluetoanothervalue

4.HowdoIdealwithNaN（not-a-number）valuesinmydata

5.HowdoIdealwith"Inf"（infinity）valuesinmydata

Dataanalysis

1.HowdoIaveragevaluesinamulti-dimensionedarray

2.HowcanIdoanelement-wiseminimum/maximumbetweentwoarraysofthesamesize

3.HowdoIinterpolatemy2-dimensionalrandomdatatoa2-dimensionalgriddedarray

4.HowdoIinterpolatemy3-dimensionalrandomdatatoa3-dimensionalgriddedarray

5.HowcanIfigureoutifaparticularlatitude/longitudepointiswithinaspecificarea,likeEurope

Visualization

1.HowcanIcreatean"editable"graphicsfilerequiredforjournalpublication

2.HowcanImaximizethesizeofaplotintheframe

3.HowdoIgetmultipleplotsonapage

4.What'sagoodwaytogenerateacolormap（table）

5.Mymapprojectiondoesn'tlookright.

6.HowdoIchangeallofmyfontstobethesameinmyvisualization

7.HowcanIchangethetextfunctioncodetosomethingotherthanacolon

8.HowcanIgetadegreesymbolinatextstring

9.HowcanIgetthingslikeaccentsorumlautsovermytext

10.HowcanIgetspecialcharacters,likeGreeksymbols,inmygraphicaltextstrings

11.CanIuserealPostScriptfontsinmyPostScriptfile

12.I'mhavingtroubleimportingaPSfileintoanapplicationlikeAdobeIllustrator.

13.HowcanIgetthelengthofmyaxestobethesameratioastherangeofmyaxes

14.HowdoIchangetheaspectratioorsizeofmymaporplot

15.CanIsetcolorresourcesbycolornameratherthancolorindexvalues

16.HowcanIspeedupthedrawingoffilledcontoursinNCL

17.CanIchangecolorindexvaluesorcolormapsinmid-frame

18.HowdoIgetmyPostScript/PDFoutputtocovermostofan8-1/2"x11"page

19.HowcanIcontrolthesizeandlocationoftheX11windowthatNCLbringsup

20.HowdoItellNCLtoignoremissingvaluesinmyplot

21.HowcanIgetmorelabelsonmycontourlines

22.MyXorYaxisvaluesarenotlinear.HowcanIchangethis

23.HowdoIgetlogscalingoneitherofmyplotaxes

24.HowdoIfillmycontourlevelswithvariousshadingpatternsand/orsolidcolors

25.HowdoIoverlayacontourplot（oravector/streamlineplot）onamap

26.HowdoIforcethetickmarkstopointinward

27.I'mtryingtocontrolthetickmarksonthetoporrightaxis,andnothingishappening.

28.HowcanIimprovetheresolutionofmymapoutlines

29.WhenIdrawamapusingthehigh-resolutionmapdatabase,Iseemtorandomlygetdifferentresolutions.

30.HowcanIgetmoregeographicaloutlinesinmymap,liketheprovincesofChina

31.IfIamcreatingacolorcontourorvectorplot,howdoIselectmycolorssuchthattheyarespreadacrossmywholecolormap

32.HowdoIgenerateawire-framesurfaceorisosurfaceplotinNCL

33.HowdoIdrawweathersymbols（windbarbs,weatherfrontlines,highandlowpressureindicators,arrows,dots,weathericons,cloudsymbols,lightningbolts,etc.）onamap

34.HowcanIhaveanewlineaspartofagraphicaltextstringinNCL

35.HowcomeIgetdifferentlinethicknessesondifferentoutputdevicesusingthesamethicknessvalue

36.HowcanIputatimestamponmyplot

37.WhyamInotgettingthecolorIexpectwhenIreferenceanamedcolor

38.WhyismylandnotbeingfilledinthecolorIexpect

39.HowdoIsetupmyNCLscriptsothatitusesaresourcefile

40.HowcanImoveandresizemylabelbarand/orlegend

41.HowcanIsettheprecisionofthelabelbarlabels

42.HowcanIgeneratesome"nice"2Drandomdataforacontourand/orvectorplot

Arrayfunctions

1.HowdoIgetthedimensionsofanarray

2.HowdoIcreateuniquerandomsubscripts

3.HowdoIeliminatemissingvaluesfromaone-dimensionalarray

4.HowdoIgenerateaone-dimensionalarrayofequally-spacedintegersorfloatingpointnumbers

5.HowdoIfindorprinttheminimum/maximumvaluesofmydataarray

Outputformats

1.HowdoIchangethedefaultNCGM/PostScript/PDFfilenametosomethingelse

2.HowdoIconvertmyNCLgraphicsfiletoanotherformat,likePNG,toputontheweborinapresentation

3.HowdoIremoveallthewhitespacefromanimage

4.IsthereawaytomakethePostScriptfilesgeneratedbyNCLsmaller

5.CanIproduceaPNGimagedirectlyfromNCL

6.Isthereawaytoremovethe".000001."fromthePNGfilename

7.HowcanItiltanNCLgraphic

8.HowcanIconvertaseriesofPSorEPSfilestoananimation

9.HowcanIproduceGoogleEarthkmzfiles

10.HowdoIconvertmymulti-frameNCLgraphicsfiletoanMPEGmoviefile

11.HowdoIincludeanencapsulatedPostScriptfilefromNCLinaLaTexdocument

Errormessages

1.WhenIrunmyscript,I'mgettinga"fatal:

NclMallocFailed"errormessage.

2.WhenIrunNCL,Igetanerrormessageaboutbeingunabletoloadthe"SystemResourceFile".

3.WhenIrunNCL,IgetanerrormessageabouttheXdriver,like"erroropeningdisplay".

4.What'sthedealwiththeerrormessage"error:

line-1beforeornear..."

5.HowcanIturnoffNCLwarningmessages

6.I'mtryingtolistsomefiles,andgettinganerror"Argumentlisttoolong".

7.WhenItrytorunncl,Igetanerrorabout""notbeingfound.

8.I'mtryingtocompilemyNCARGraphicsprogramusingtheIntelorgfortrancompiler,butgettingsomeundefinedrefer