最经典的定语从句讲解.ppt

最经典的定语从句讲解.ppt

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定语从句高考考点例析Thebestwayyoucanget,TheAttributiveClause,Complexsentence复合句：

由连词连接两个或多个主谓结构的句子，其中一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句），另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语）。

复合句=,主句,+,定语从句,一个主谓结构是句子的主要部分（主句）,另一个或一个以上的主谓结构只在句子中作某个成分（定语）,Thestudents（whodonotstudyhard）willnotpasstheexam.,主句主语,从句主语,从句谓语结构,主句谓语结构,在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。

这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。

定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。

Attributiveclause:

定语从句的位置：

通常在先行词（在主句中）后。

定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who（主语、宾语），whom（宾语），that（主语、宾语）,whose（定语）,that（主语、宾语）,which（主语、宾语）whose（定语）,where（地点状语）,when（时间状语）,why（原因状语）,Attributiveclause:

限制性定语从句restrictive,非限制性定语从句non-restrictive,是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。

和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。

这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。

Iwastheonlypersonwhowasinvited.inmyoffice,Jenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.,Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.,ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.,注意：

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who（主语）,whom（宾语），指物时须用which.,考点一:

如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。

如齐全用关系副词。

用什么关系副词看先行词。

Iwillneverforgetthedays（_Istayedwithyou）.,when,_,_,JurassicParkisaboutapark_（averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs）.,_,_,where,1958wastheyear_（Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm）.,_,_,Pleasegivemethereason_（youmadesuchagreatsuccess）.,_,_,when,why,Morningisthebesttime_（youpractisereadingaloud）.,_,_,when,Doyourememberthelake_（youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。

考点一:

如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_（thegreatwriterusedtolive）.,_,_,where,inwhich,Thehouse_（theybuiltin1987）stayedupintheearthquake.,whichthat/,_,_,Luckilynoneofthepeople_（Iknow）werekilledintheearthquake.,whowhomthat/,_,_,Myfatherwasbornintheyear_（theSecondWorldWarbrokeout）.,_,_,inwhich,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。

Kunmingisabeautifulplace_（flowersareseenalltheyearround）.,where,October1stistheday_（newChinawasfounded）.,when,Thewindow（_wasopenedthismorning）hasbeenbroken.,Whichthat,Themeeting（_willbeheldnextweek）isveryimportant.,Whichthat,考点一:

如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,考点二：

that和which的选择,

（1）that指物时一般可以与which互换，但在下列情况引导词只用that，不用which。

当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething（that）youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle（that）theenemycandobesidessurrender.,先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时：

Ivereadallthebooks（that）yougaveme.,考点二：

that和which的选择,先行词是序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

Thisisthebestbook（that）Iveeverread.,Thisisthefirstcomposition（that）hehaswritteninEnglish.,先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。

Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone（that）Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook（that）Iwanttofind.,当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时，这个定语从句要用that而不用who（whom）和which引导。

如：

Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.,先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用that而不用who,（whom）和which引导。

考点二：

that和which的选择,Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?

Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?

Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?

当关系代词在从句中作表语时：

Maryisnolongerthegirl（that）sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.,Which可以引导非限定性定语从句，可用于介词后，其先行词可是一个词,也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。

1Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it,考点二：

that和which的选择,

（2）只用which的情况,B,B,考点三：

as与which引导的定语从句,对这两个词作如下归纳：

1、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as（=which）isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as（=which）infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which（=as）Ihavesaidbefore.,2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句。

如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.,Asweallknow,theearthisround.,3.用于thesameas,suchas，asas,soas中，一般用as。

e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.,4.as代表前面主句意思时，有“正如”之意，而which没有此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。

Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.,考点三：

as与which引导的定语从句,Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.,5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。

e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.,6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用which.,a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.,考点三：

as与which引导的定语从句,考点四：

关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:

1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：

e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?

2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：

e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：

e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：

e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,5.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：

e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,考点四：

关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。

如：

when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。

eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen（onwhich）Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere（inwhich）Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy（forwhich）hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen（inwhich）theylivedinTianjin.,考点四：

关系代词前介词的确定,思考？

是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?

Thepainting（_Ilooked）waspaintedbyme.,atwhich,Thebook（_Iheard）waswrittentwentyyearsago.,aboutwhich,Thepen（_shewrotethatbook）cannowbeseeninamuseum.,withwhich,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_（flowersareseenalltheyearround）.,where/inwhich,Iwillneverforgottheday_Ifirstmetyouontheship.,onwhich/when,duringwhich,Thefilm（_Ifellasleep）wasveryboring.,结论：

只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。

Correctthesentences:

1.Imusingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?

3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwellneverforget.,（去掉）,theone,_,to,_,which,5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.,_,that,5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.ThestudentwhosbookIhadborroweddidntcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.,_,as,_,Whose,that,_,that,_,_,that,_,As,练习题,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,4、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,5、Thisistheveryfactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theone,A,6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,7、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,9、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whom,B,10、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that,C,11、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、want,B,12、I，_yougoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.,A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoam,D,13、Hiswalkingstick,_hecantwalk,waslostyesterday.,A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhich,D,14、Theyhavedecidedtofinishtheirwork,_,Ithinkisawisechoice.,A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whether,C,15、Idontliketheway_hespoketome.,A、bythatB、whatC、bywhichD、/,D,16、Thisistheonlything_Icandonow.,A、whatB、whichC、thatD、all,C,17、Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_werebuiltfiveyearsago.,A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothofthat,C,18、Hetoldmethereason_hedidntcomehere.,A、whichB、thatC、whyD、what,C,19、Thisisthereason_hetoldme.,A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat,A,20、Whichofthetwocows_youkeepproducesmoremilk?

A、whichB、thatC、whatD、as,B,