全国《英语阅读一》试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

全国《英语阅读一》试题Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Aheadtrackcoach,BillBowerman,designedapairoflightershoeswithbettersupportandgreaterstrengthandsentthedesigntoleadingsporting-goodscompanies.Theyallturnedhimdown.

TherejectionsbroughtBowermanfacetofacewithhisownphilosophyof“competitiveresponse.”Hehadtaughthissportsmentovaluecompetitionnotsomuchforitsprizesasforitsintellectualandspiritualsatisfaction.Thiswastrueofhisdeterminationtomaketheshoeshimself.

Hemadehisfirstpairoftrackshoeslightandgraceful.Hisrunnerswoninhishand-madeshoes.Butwhowouldliketomanufacturesuchshoes?

In1962,Knight,oneofBowerman’ssportsmen,offeredtotraveltoJapanandcalledononeofJapan’sbestmanufacturersofsportsshoes.ThemanufacturerpromisedtoproduceshoesofhisdesignandKnight’scompanywouldbetheironlydistributorintheU.S.Ayearlater,ashipmentof200BowermanshoesarrivedinOregon.

Atfirst,KnightandBowermanworkedwithasmallteamandwentsellingoutofcarsattrackmeets.Butslowly,therunningworldgottoknowthesecretoftheirproduct.

Thenin1972,theJapanesecompanycutoffallsuppliestotheircompanyandestablishedaseparatedistributionnetworkintheU.S.In30daysKnightsucceededinfindinganewmanufacturer.Andtodaythecompanytakesthelargestshareintheshoebusiness.Youaskmethebrandnameoftheshoes?

It’sNike,namedaftertheGreekGoddessofVictory.

Bowerman,KnightandtheNiketeamhaveafirmbeliefthatasharedresponsibilityrequiresoutstandingindividualperformanceandawillingnesstocontributethatperformancetothegroup.

1.ThenewtrackshoesdesignedbyBowerman______.

A.helpeddevelophisteam’sathleticskills

B.helpedimprovehisrunners’performance

C.openeduptheJapanesesportsshoesmarket

D.openeduptheAmericansportsshoesmarket

2.Bowerman’sresponsetocompetitionisrelatedtosportsmen’s______.

A.teamspiritB.spiritualneeds

C.materialrewardsD.prizewinning

3.Accordingtothepassage,Bowermanshoeswerefirstsoldby______.

A.theshoemanufacturerinJapan

B.Knight,Bowermanandtheirteam

C.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinJapan

D.aleadingsporting-goodscompanyinAmerica

4.ThedifficultyKnightranintoin1972arosefrom______.

A.therejectionoftheshoedesign

B.thequalityproblemoftheshoes

C.thecompetitionfromothercompanies

D.theJapanesecompany’snewdecision

5.ThesuccessoftheNiketeamliesin______.

A.themanufacturer’sphilosophy

B.thefashionabledesignoftheshoes

C.theircooperationwithaforeigncompany

D.theirindividualperformanceandteamwork

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Seventeenth-centuryhousesincolonialNorthAmericaweresimplestructuresthatwereprimarilyfunctional,carryingovertraditionaldesignsthatwentbacktotheMiddleAges.Duringthefirsthalfoftheeighteenthcentury,however,housesbegantoshowanewelegance.Aswealthincreased,moreandmorecolonistsbuiltfinehouses.

Sincearchitecturewasnotyetaspecializedprofessioninthecolonies,thedesignofbuildingswaslefttocarpenterswhoundertooktointerpretarchitecturalmanualsimportedfromEngland.Thereareanastonishingnumberofthesehandbooksforbuildersincoloniallibraries,andthehouseserectedduringtheeighteenthcenturyshowtheirinfluence.Mostdomesticarchitectureofthefirstthree-quartersoftheeighteenthcenturydisplayedawiderangeoftasteandfreedomofapplicationoftheruleslaiddowninthesebooks.

Increasingwealththroughoutthecoloniesresultedinhousesofimproveddesign,whetherthematerialwaswood,stoneorbrick.NewEnglandstillfavoredwood,thoughbrickhousesbecamecommoninBostonandothertowns,wherethedangeroffireforcedpeopletousemoredurablematerial.AfewhousesinNewEnglandwerebuiltofstone,butonlyinPennsylvaniaanditsneighboringareaswasstonewidelyusedindwellings.Anincreaseduseofbricksisnoticeablein

VirginiaandMaryland,butwoodremainedthemostpopularmaterialeveninhousesbuiltbywealthylandowners.IntheCarolinas,eveninthecrowdedtownofCharleston,woodenhousesweremuchmorecommonthanbrickhouses.

Eighteenth-centuryhousesshowedgreatinteriorimprovementsovertheirpredecessors.Windowsweremadelargerandshuttersremoved.Large,clearpanesreplacedthegrayglassoftheseventeenthcentury.Doorwayswerelargerandmoredecorative.Fireplacesbecamedecorativefeaturesofrooms.Wallsweresometimeselaboratelydecorated.Whitepaintbegantotaketheplaceofblue,yellow,greenandgraycolors,whichhadbeenpopularforwallsintheearlieryears.Afterabout1730,advertisementsforwallpaperstylesinscenicpatternsbegantoappearincolonialnewspapers.

6.Thepassagemainlydiscusses______.

A.theimproveddesignofthe18thcenturycolonialhouses

B.theroleofcarpentersinbuildingthe18thcenturyhouses

C.thevarietiesofdecorationsusedinthe18thcenturyhouses

D.acomparisonofthe18thcenturyhousesandmodernhouses

7.Thoseresponsiblefordesigninghousesinthe18thcenturyNorthAmericawere______.

A.customersB.carpenters

C.interiordecoratorsD.professionalarchitects

8.Stoneswerecommonlyusedtobuildhousesin______.

A.VirginiaB.Boston

C.CharlestonD.Pennsylvania

9.Theword“predecessors”（para.4）refersto______.

A.colonistsinthe17thcentury

B.woodenhousesinCharleston

C.housesbeforethe18thcentury

D.interiorimprovementsinhouses

10.Itcanbeinferredfromthe4thparagraphthatbefore1730______.

A.patternedwallpaperwasnotwidelyused

B.pattemedwallpaperwasnotusedinstonehouses

C.wallpapersamplescouldbefoundinlibraries

D.wallpaperwasthesamecolorasthewallpaints

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuniversitiesfromwhichtoday’suniversitiesaredescendentswerefoundedintheMiddleAges.Theywereestablishedeitherbycorporationsofstudentswantingtolearn,asinItaly,orbyteacherswantingtoteach,asinFrance.Corporationsthathadspeciallegalorcustomaryprivilegesforthepurposeofcarryingouttheintentionsoftheincorporatorswerecommoninthosedays.TheuniversitycorporationsoftheMiddleAgesattheheightoftheirpowerwerenot

responsibletoanybody,andcouldnotbepunishedbyanyauthorities.Theyclaimed,andmadegoodtheirclaim,completeindependenceofallreligiousandnonreligiouscontrol.TheAmericanuniversitywas,however,atfirstacorporationformedbyareligiousgrouporbythestateforthepurposesofthegroup.

TheAmericanuniversityintheseventeenthcenturywasmuchclosertotheAmericanuniversitytodaythantotheuniversityintheMiddleAges.ThePuritancommunitiesneededministersandprofessionalmenandsotheyestablisheduniversitiestoprovidethem.Later,religiousgroupsbuiltuniversitiesinordertoextendtheirowninfluence.Forexample,theUniversityofChicagowasfoundedbydevout（虔诚的）BaptiststocombattherisingtideofMethodismintheMiddleWestandShakersintheEast.ThepresidentandthetrusteesoftheUniversitywererequiredtohavetheproperreligiousrelationsinordertokeeptheUniversityontherightpath.Fortunately,thecombinationofJohnD,Rockefeller,WilliamRaineyHarper,andtheenlightenedwingoftheBaptistChurchpreservedtheuniversityfromtoonarrowaninterpretationofitspurpose.

11.FrenchuniversitiesintheMiddleAgeswerefoundedby______.

A.thegovernmentB.groupsofscholars

C.theCatholicChurchD.studentswantingtolearn

12.Puritanssetupuniversitiesprimarilyforthepurposeof______.

A.trainingschoolteachers

B.influencingthegovernment

C.providingministersandprofessionals

D.supplyingprofessionalsforcorporations

13.TheUniversityofChicagowasestablishedby______.

A.ShakersB.Puritans

C.MethodistsD.Baptists

14.ThewritermentionsJohnD.RockefellerandWilliamRaineyHarpertoshowthat______.

A.theywereimportantfoundersoftheuniversity

B.theywereextremelyfaithfulintheirreligiousbeliefs

C.theybroadenedtheoriginalgoaloftheuniversity

D.theystucktothefoundingprinciplesoftheuniversity

15.EarlyuniversitiesintheU.S.werefoundedmostlyfor______.

A.economicreasonsB.politicalreasons

C.religiouspurposesD.academicpurposes

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefoliowingpassage.

Ifyouarelookingforanexplanationofwhywedon’tgettoughwithcriminals,youneedonlylookatthenumbers.EachyearalmostathirdofthehouseholdsinAmericaarevictimsofviolenceortheft.Thisamountstomorethan41millioncrimes,manymorethanweareabletopunish.Therearealsotoomanycriminals.Wedon’thaveroomforanymore!

Thepainfulfactisthatthemorecrimethereis,thelessweareabletopunishit.Wethinkthatpunishmentpreventscrime,butitjustmightbetheotherwayaround.Whenthereissomuchcrimeitissimplyimpossibletodealwithitorpunishit.Thisisthesituationwefindourselvesintoday:

thegradualincreaseinthecriminalpopulationhasmadeitmoredifficulttogetintoprison.Someofthemostexclusiveprisonsnowrequireaboutfiveseriouscrimesbeforeacriminalisaccepted.

Thesefeaturesshowthati