中小学英语课程标准英文版.docx

中小学英语课程标准英文版.docx

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NewEnglishCurriculumforChinesePrimarySchoolsandJunior/SeniorMiddleSchools

ExperimentalVersiondraftedbytheEducationMinistryofthePRC

Part1:

Introduction

Withtheadventoftheinformationageandtheglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.Englishisthedominantcarrierofinformationandthemostwidelyspokenlanguageintheworld.ManycountrieshavemadeEnglishacornerstoneofqualityeducationwhendevelopingstrategiesforbasiceducation.

SinceChina’sreformandopening,thescaleofitsEnglisheducationhascontinuallygrown,attendedbysignificantachievementsinteachingandlearning.However,Englisheducationinitscurrentformisfailingtomeettheneedsofcontemporarysocialandeconomicdevelopment.

ThecurrentroundofreformstotheEnglishcurriculumaimtoendthefollowingpractices:

Over-emphasizingthetransmissionandexplanationofknowledgeaboutgrammarandvocabulary

Neglectingtodevelopstudents’abilitytouselanguageforrealIntheirplace,thereformsaimtoestablishacurriculumthat:

Developsstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence

Motivatesstudents,isrelevanttotheirlifeexperiencesandcognitivelevelPromotestask-basedteachingmethods

Involvesstudentsinexperiential,practical,participatoryandcooperative

learning

Developsstudents’positiveattitudes,thinkingskills,practicalabilities,cultural

awarenessandautonomythroughthelanguagelearningprocess

1.TheNatureoftheNewCurriculum

ThenewEnglishcurriculumstrivestoaccomplishfarmorethanjusthelpstudentslearnEnglish.AtonelevellearningEnglishshouldinvolvehelpingstudentsto:

Developacertainlevelofcomprehensivelanguagecompetenceandtheabilitytouselanguageforrealcommunication

Mastercertainbasiclanguageknowledge

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Masterlistening,speaking,readingandwritingskills

However,atanotherlevelthecurriculumshouldalsoservestudents’all-rounddevelopment,providingthemwithopportunitiesto:

StrengthentheirinterestinstudyingEnglish

Growinself-discipline,perseveranceandself-confidenceImprovetheircooperative,investigativeandthinkingabilitiesDeveloptheirmemory,imaginationandcreativity

AdoptgoodstudyhabitsandeffectivelearningstrategiesDevelopasautonomousandlifelonglearners

Buildmoralintegrityandahealthyoutlookonlife

Establish bothnationalspiritandanawarenessofandrespectforculturaldifferences

BroadentheirhorizonsandenrichtheirlifeexperienceTakepartinculturallife

Developasindividuals

2.BasicPrinciplesoftheNewCurriculum

2.1Thecurriculumpromotesqualityeducation（asopposedtoexam-orientatededucation）andtheall-rounddevelopmentofthestudents

Topromotequalityeducationparticularattentionmustbepaidto:

Valuingeachstudent’sfeelings

Stimulatingstudents’interestinstudyingEnglish

Helpingstudentsgainasenseofachievementandself-confidence

Thecurriculummustgobeyonddevelopingstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetencetoincludeareassuchas:

Improvingstudents’abilitytocontributetoculturalandsociallifeDevelopingstudents’practicalabilities

Fosteringstudents’creativity

2.2Thecurriculumobjectivesareholisticandflexible.

ThefundamentalaimofthenewEnglishcurriculumistodevelopstudents’comprehensivelanguagecompetence.Thisaimisbrokendownintofivegeneralobjectives.Theseobjectivesarethendividedintonineabilitylevelswithdescriptorsprovidedforeachlevel.Thefivegeneralobjectivesare:

1.LanguageSkills

2.LanguageKnowledge

3.AttitudestoLearning

4.LearningStrategies

TheprincipleaimoftheNewCurriculumfortheteachingofEnglishistohelpthestudents'movefromcompetencetoperformance'（Chen,2002）1[1].Whatdoesthismean?

Well,'competence'isaboutwhatthestudentsknowintheirminds,theirtheoreticalknowledge,inotherwords.'Performance'referstowhatitisthatthestudentscandowiththattheoreticalknowledge.'Performance'referstowhatispractical,useful,creativeandimaginative.Yourjobasateacheristofindwaystohelpthestudents'knowledgebecomeactive,practical,flexibleandresponsive,ratherthaninactive,theoretical,inflexibleandimitative.Studentsneedtolearnhowtheycancontroltheirownknowledge,useitdifferentlyindifferentsituations,andbeabletomaketheirowndecisionsabouthowtheylearn.Thisisabigchallengeforyouasateacher.

UndertheNewCurriculumEnglishwillbeseennotonlyasatoolforcommunication,butalsoforthinking,learningandsocialparticipation.Italsotakesintoaccountthestudents'feelingsaboutlearning,ratherthanjudgingthempurelyaslearningmachines.Thisisreflectedinthenine-levelattainment-targetsystem,whichyourteachershavecopiesof.Youshouldstudytheseattainment-targets,astheyfocusonachievementsandwhatstudentscando,ratherthanplacingimpossiblechallengesforteachersandstudents.

NewTeachingandLearningApproacheswiththeNewCurriculum:

UndertheNewCurriculum,therearenewteachingandlearningapproachesnecessary.Theseareabigchallenge,astheywillbe:

Student-centred2[2]asopposedtoteacher-centredParticipatory-asopposedtopassiveExperiential3[3]asopposedtorote

Flexibleasopposedtopre-determined

Theywillencourage:

1[1]ChenXiaotang,oneofthepeopleontheNewCurriculum（NC）WorkingParty,saidthisataVSOconferenceinNovember2002.

2[2]Seesectiononstudent-centredlearning.

3[3]SeeGlossary

Deductive and inductivereasoning;Criticalthinking

Interpersonalskills

Learninghowtolearn（learningskills）ratherthanjustcrammingCo-operativelearning

Use-value-inotherwords,theknowledgethestudentsgainwillbeexpectedtohelpthempractically,ratherthanremaintheoreticalknowledgethattheycan'tuse.

ParticipationNegotiationSelf-discovery

Evaluation:

TheNewCurriculumwillalsoencouragevariedformsofevaluation:

Self-andpeer-evaluation;

Summativeandformative;

Judgementsonlanguageperformanceratherthanpassiveknowledge.Thissuggestsamuchgreateremphasisonspeakingaswellastheotherskillsoflistening,readingandwriting.Thephraseyou'regoingtoreadagainandagaininthisHandbook（seethetitlepage,forexample）is:

studentsmustmovefromcompetencetoperformance.

Whatchallengesarethereforfutureteachers?

Let'slookspecificallynowatthekindsofchallengesyouwillfaceinimplemetingtheNewCurriuclum.TheinitialchallengefornewteacherswillbetounderstandtheNewCurriculum,especiallythenewstandards.Youwillhavetoupdateyourviewsonlanguageandlanguageeducationandadoptnewapproachestolanguageteaching,includingthetask-basedteachingapproachanditspractice.

Youwillhavetoimproveyourownprofessionalcompetenceinlanguageproficiency,cross-culturalcompetence,pedagogicalcompetence,andtheadoptionofnewlearningstrategiesinyourmethods.Aswellasthatyouwillhavetochangetheteacher'srolefromthatofknowledge-distributortofacilitator,organiser,participantandadvisor,'usingthetextbookratherthanteachingthetextbook.'（SeePartFiveontipsforusingNewCurriculumtexts.）

Howcanpre-servicetrainingpreparestudentsforthechallenges?

YouandyourcolleagueswillneedtoincorporatetheintroductionoftheNewCurriculumintoyoursyllabusandcoursedesigns.Inaddition,youwillneedtoconvincethestudentsoftheneedforchangeandmakethembelievetheyCANdoit.

Theimplementationofthenewcurriculumneedscontributionsfrom,andco-operationamong,manygroupsofpeopleincluding:

teachers,teachertrainers,educationaladministrators,educationalresearchers,community,parentsandemployers.

What'snew?

Thenewrationale:

Theaimsoflearningaforeignlanguagearenottobelimitedtomasteryofknowledgeandskillsintheforeignlanguage.LikeotherschoolsubjectssuchasMaths,Music,ArtandPhysicalEducation,foreignlanguagesarepartoftheoveralldevelopmentofallstudents.Throughlearningaforeignlanguage,studentscanenrichtheirexperienceoflife,broadentheirworldvision,andenhancetheirthinkingskills.Languagelearningismosteffectivewhenstudents'interest,motivation anattitudesaretakenintoconsideration.Newlearningstrategiesshouldbeincorporatedintothelanguagecurriculum,sothatstudentscanbecomeautonomouslearners,whichisfundamentalforlifelonglearning.Evaluationshouldbesummativeandformativeanddesignedandadministeredtoencouragethelearnersratherthanfrustratethem.Itshouldbecarriedoutintermsofwhatstudentscandoratherthanwhattheycannotdo.

NewCurriculumTargets:

Languageskills:

listening,speaking,readingandwriting（criticalthinkingskillsandinterpersonalskillsemphasisedforseniorhighschool）;

Languageknowledge:

pronunciation,vocabulary,grammar,function

andtopics;

vision;



Motivation,interest,confidence,co-operation,patriotismandworld

Learning strategies:

cognitive, planning, communicative and

resourcingstrategies;

Culturalawareness:

culturalknowledge,cross-culturalcompetence.

Newmethodsoftargetspecification:

Studentscan:

understandandfollowinstructions;

identifythechangeinmeaninginintonation;

providepersonalinformationanddescribepersonalexperience;comprehendsimplestoriesandgraspthegist.

Newlearningandteachingapproaches:

TheNewCurriculumadvocatesprocess-orientedlanguagelearningandteachingapproaches,suchasexperientiallearningandco-operativelearning:

studentsareencouragedtoexperiencethelanguage,learnthelanguagebyself-discovery