常见写作错误Word文件下载.docx

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常见写作错误Word文件下载.docx

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常见写作错误Word文件下载.docx

表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。

基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。

(注:

白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。

一、主语错误

1.主语缺失

1)Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.

Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.

2)Inmyhometownaren’tverybusy.

Peopleinmyhometownareverybusy.

2.非名词主语

1)Richdoesn’tensureahappylife.

Beingrichdoesn’tmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesn’tensureahappylife.

2)Keeptwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.

Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.

3.主谓错位

1)Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.

Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.

2)Nowpeople’slivescan’tleaveTV.

Nowpeoplecan’tdowithoutTV.

二、谓语错误

1.多重谓语

1)Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.

Inourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated./Alargenumberofpeoplehavefallenvictimtovarioustricks.

2)Povertymakesmanypeoplecan’tstudyabroad.

Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./Manypeoplecan’tstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.

2.非动词谓语

1)Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.

Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.

2)Itissaidthattheplaceworthstouring.

Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.

3.主谓不一致

1)IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.

IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.

2)Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.

Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata..

4.误用词组

1)Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.

Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.

2)Iamafraidofthatit’sgoingtorain.

Iamafraidthatit’sgoingtorain.

三、冠词错误

1)Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.

Inmyopinion,thefutureofthebicycleisverypromising.

2)Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlythegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadones.

Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlygoodbookstoreadandnevertouchbadones.

四、代词错误

1.偷梁换柱

1)Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize.

Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,heshouldnotplagiarize.

2)Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.

Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveusandtheywillleaveusalong./Ifyoucheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.

2.指代不明

1)Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,whichnobodybelieved.

Hegaveareason,whichnobodybelieved,fornotattendingthemeeting./Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,areasonwhichnobodybelieved.

2)Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdentheyhavetobear.

Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdenstudentshavetobear.

五、形容词、副词错误

1)Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferently.

Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferent.

2)Surprisingenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.

Surprisinglyenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.

六、分词误用

1)Comparingwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.

Comparedwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.

2)Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewingthroughmycamera.

Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewedthroughmycamera.

七、修饰语误置

1)SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforlearningEnglishpeople.

SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforpeoplelearningEnglish.

2)Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.

Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovetothecountrysidethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.

八、垂悬修饰语

1)Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.

Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,peoplehavegreatlyimprovedtheirlivingstandard.

2)Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,theletterwaspostedatonce.

Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,Ipostedtheletteratonce.

九、平行错误

1)Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,thespeedoftrafficcanbeincreased.

Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,wecanincreasethespeedoftraffic.

2)BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyofthecourseandhowlongitlasted.

BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyandlengthofthecourse./BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmehowdifficultthecoursewasandhowlongitlasted.

十、搭配错误

1)Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassoexpensivethatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.

Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassohighthatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.

2)Crowdedtrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.

Heavytrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.

十一、破句

1)Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob.Thenyoumustpassthejobinterview.

Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob,youmustpassthejobinterview.

2)Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners.Becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.

Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners,becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.

下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析.

 

一.不一致(Disagreements)

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.

例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.

(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)

剖析:

one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;

同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.

改为:

 Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)

二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)

英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.

 

剖析:

better位置不当,应置于句末.

三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)

在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.

例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.

本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.

Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.

四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:

Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften"只点出十岁时,但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.

WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.

例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.

句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.

Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.

五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)

“词性误用”常表现为:

介词当动词用;

形容词当副词用;

名词当动词用等.

例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.

negative系形容词,误作动词。

Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.

六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。

试看下面这一句:

Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.

(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。

读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。

如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。

这个句子可改为:

Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.

例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.

句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。

Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.

七.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)

什么叫run-onsentence?

请看下面的例句。

例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld. 

这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:

“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。

简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或:

Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutside

world

八.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)

Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。

他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。

所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。

例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.

(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。

显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。

另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。

Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.

九.累赘(Redundancy)

言以简洁为贵。

写句子没有一个多余的词;

写段落没有一个无必要的句子。

能用单词的不用词组;

能用词组的不用从句或句子。

如:

Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.

本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:

Inspiteofhislaziness,I 

likehim.

例1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.

整个句子可以大大简化。

改为:

Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.

十.不连贯(Incoherence)

不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。

这也是考生常犯的毛病。

例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth. 

Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。

It与things在数方面不一致。

Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.

十一.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)

所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。

例1

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