常见写作错误Word文件下载.docx
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表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性好。
基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。
(注:
白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。
)
一、主语错误
1.主语缺失
1)Inourcountryfeelsveryfree.
Peoplefeelfreeinourcountry.
2)Inmyhometownaren’tverybusy.
Peopleinmyhometownareverybusy.
2.非名词主语
1)Richdoesn’tensureahappylife.
Beingrichdoesn’tmeanahappylife./Wealthdoesn’tensureahappylife.
2)Keeptwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.
Keepingtwofull-timejobsissimplyimpossible.
3.主谓错位
1)Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.
Peoplecanacquireknowledgefrombooks.
2)Nowpeople’slivescan’tleaveTV.
Nowpeoplecan’tdowithoutTV.
二、谓语错误
1.多重谓语
1)Inourmodernsociety,therearemanyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated.
Inourmodernsociety,manyexamplesaroundusshowthatmanypeoplearecheated./Alargenumberofpeoplehavefallenvictimtovarioustricks.
2)Povertymakesmanypeoplecan’tstudyabroad.
Povertymakesmanypeopleunabletostudyabroad./Povertymakesitimpossibleformanypeopletostudyabroad./Povertypreventsmanypeoplefromstudyingabroad./Manypeoplecan’tstudyabroadbecauseofpoverty.
2.非动词谓语
1)Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersagainstit.
Somepeoplefirmlyagree,butothersareagainstit.
2)Itissaidthattheplaceworthstouring.
Itissaidthattheplaceisworthtouring.
3.主谓不一致
1)IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachmeCollegeEnglish.
IhavetovisittheteacherwhoteachesmeCollegeEnglish.
2)Iuseadiskbecauseitholdplentyofdata.
Iuseadiskbecauseitholdsplentyofdata..
4.误用词组
1)Theyinsistonpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.
Theyinsistthatpost-graduatestudyisveryimportantforthem.
2)Iamafraidofthatit’sgoingtorain.
Iamafraidthatit’sgoingtorain.
三、冠词错误
1)Inmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.
Inmyopinion,thefutureofthebicycleisverypromising.
2)Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlythegoodbookstoreadandnevertouchthebadones.
Theysuggestthatweshouldchooseonlygoodbookstoreadandnevertouchbadones.
四、代词错误
1.偷梁换柱
1)Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,youshouldnotplagiarize.
Animportantthingforthestudenttorememberisthatwhenwritingapaper,heshouldnotplagiarize.
2)Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.
Ifwecheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveusandtheywillleaveusalong./Ifyoucheatothers,friendswillneverbelieveyouandtheywillleaveyoualone.
2.指代不明
1)Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,whichnobodybelieved.
Hegaveareason,whichnobodybelieved,fornotattendingthemeeting./Hegaveareasonfornotattendingthemeeting,areasonwhichnobodybelieved.
2)Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdentheyhavetobear.
Sometimesteachershavetoinformthestudentsoftheheavyburdenstudentshavetobear.
五、形容词、副词错误
1)Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferently.
Whatismore,thechangeoftheweatherwillmaketheplacelookdifferent.
2)Surprisingenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.
Surprisinglyenough,hefacesthefailureverybravely.
六、分词误用
1)Comparingwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.
Comparedwithothercountries,Chinapayslittleattentiontotheenergyproblem.
2)Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewingthroughmycamera.
Thosespiritswerejustlikeanindispensablepartofthewholepicturewhenviewedthroughmycamera.
七、修饰语误置
1)SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforlearningEnglishpeople.
SpokenEnglishisanimportantpartforpeoplelearningEnglish.
2)Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.
Tokeeptheairclean,wemustmovetothecountrysidethefactorieswhichgiveoffpoisonousgasestothecountryside.
八、垂悬修饰语
1)Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.
Havingcarriedouteconomicreformsinourcountry,peoplehavegreatlyimprovedtheirlivingstandard.
2)Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,theletterwaspostedatonce.
Totellmyfriendthegoodnews,Ipostedtheletteratonce.
九、平行错误
1)Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,thespeedoftrafficcanbeincreased.
Whilewereducethenumberofvehicles,wecanincreasethespeedoftraffic.
2)BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyofthecourseandhowlongitlasted.
BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmeofthedifficultyandlengthofthecourse./BeforeIselectedthenewcourse,myteacherwarnedmehowdifficultthecoursewasandhowlongitlasted.
十、搭配错误
1)Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassoexpensivethatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.
Inthepastthepriceofmeatwassohighthatmostfamiliescouldnotaffordit.
2)Crowdedtrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.
Heavytrafficinsomelargecitiesisabigproblemforcitydwellers.
十一、破句
1)Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob.Thenyoumustpassthejobinterview.
Nowadays,ifyouwanttofindajob,youmustpassthejobinterview.
2)Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners.Becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.
Firstyoushouldshowgoodmanners,becausethefirstimpressionyouleaveonothersisimportant.
下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析.
一.不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.
例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.
(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:
one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;
同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为:
Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)
二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.
剖析:
better位置不当,应置于句末.
三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.
例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.
本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.
Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.
四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:
Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften"只点出十岁时,但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.
WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.
例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.
句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.
Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.
五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)
“词性误用”常表现为:
介词当动词用;
形容词当副词用;
名词当动词用等.
例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.
negative系形容词,误作动词。
Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.
六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。
试看下面这一句:
Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。
读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。
如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。
这个句子可改为:
Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.
例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.
句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.
七.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)
什么叫run-onsentence?
请看下面的例句。
例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.
这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:
“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。
简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或:
Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutside
world
八.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)
Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。
他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。
所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。
显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。
另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。
Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.
九.累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。
写句子没有一个多余的词;
写段落没有一个无必要的句子。
能用单词的不用词组;
能用词组的不用从句或句子。
如:
Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.
本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:
Inspiteofhislaziness,I
likehim.
例1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.
整个句子可以大大简化。
改为:
Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.
十.不连贯(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。
这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.
Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。
It与things在数方面不一致。
Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.
十一.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。
例1