开课讲义非谓语动词文档格式.docx
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(1)作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
eg.Tomakeaplanforourfutureisveryimportant.(主语)
Howtogetenoughcapitalisstillaproblem(主语)
Iliketogooutforawalkinsuchwarmsunshine.(宾语)
Shecan’tdecidewhattodo.(宾语)
PerhapsthiswouldbeagoodchancetogotoHainan.(定语)
Couldyougetmesomethingtodrink?
(定语)
Herwishistomarryanhonestyoungman.(表语)
Hisplanistospendafewdaysinthemountain.(表语)
In1918,hewenttoJapantostudymedicalscience.(状语,表目的)
Afewyearslater,shecamehometofindthatherhometownhadgreatlychanged.
(状语,表结果)
Wouldyoulikeustogowithyou?
(宾补)
Didyounoticehimleavethehouse?
Hewasaskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting(主补)
Theyweremadetoworkdayandnight.(主补)
(2)作主语时,为了使句子保持平衡,往往有it作形式主语,而把不定式放在谓语动词后面。
eg.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.
(3)作使役动词let,make,have以及感官动词see,hear,watch,observe,notice,feel,smell,listento,lookat的宾语补足语时动词不定式不带to
egMrsBrownmademestayinNewYorkfortwomoreweeks.
Shewon’tlethersonwatchTVuntilhefinisheshishomework..
(4)所有的疑问词后面都可以接带to的不定式构成不定式短语,(whynot后面接不带to的不定式)。
如wheretogo,whattodo,whichtochoosefrom,howtogetthere,whynotjoinus
(5)下列常考动词只能接不定式作宾语
agree,attempt,claim,decide,demand,ask,hesitate,beg,fail,care,,promise,desire,hope,intend,learn,offer,plan,refuse,prepare,pretend,require,appear,arrange,expect,manage,tend,afford,wish,seem,swear,threaten,wait等
eg,Tompretendedtohavebeenstudying
IhavemanagedtorunasfastasIcouldinrace.
(6)下列情况接不带to的不定式
A.hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldsooner,may/mightaswell,ratherthan,soonerthan,can’thelpbut(情不自禁)等
egYou’dbetternotgooutaloneatsuchadarknight.
B.当but/except前面有do的某种形式时,后接不带to的不定式,如
donothingbut/except….doanything:
;
everythingbut/except
eg.Iwouldsoonerdiethanmarryyou.
Hedoesn’twanttodoanythingexpecthelpme.
(7)不定式作定语时,它和它所修饰的名词之间要构成动宾关系,如果是不及物动词则要加上适当的介词来构成动宾关系
egCouldyoufindsomeoneformetoplaytabletenniswith?
Wehavefoundagoodplacetolivein.
(8)for+名词(或者代词宾格)+动词不定式构成不定式的复合结构,在句中作主语
宾语,表语定语等
eg.It’sveryimportantforyoutostudyEnglishwell.
3时态、语态构成(以do为例)
时态语态
主动
被动
一般式
todo
tobedone
完成式
tohavedone
tohavebeendone
进行式
tobedoing
一般不用
完成进行式
tohavebeendoing
注意:
A不定式的一般式所表示的动作,通常与主要谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或在其后发生。
eg.Ihavesomegoodnewstotellyou.(发生在后)
Shewasseentoenterthehall.(同时)
B不定式的进行式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
eg.Sheseemstobewaitingforyou.
Hepretendedtobesleeping
C.不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
eg.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.
Sheseemstohaveheardthenews.
D当不定式的逻辑主语和不定式之间有逻辑上的动宾关系时,就用不定式的被动形式
eg.Shewantedthelettertobemailedatonce.
It’sanhonorformetohavebeenaskedtospeakhere.
Exercises
Fillintheblankswiththegivenverbsintheirproperinfinitiveforms.
1.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearelearning-________(drive)cars
2.Thedoctorwilladviseyouwhichmedicine________(take)first.
3.Hedoesn’tlike_________(praise)
4.WewerehavingbreakfastwhenIheardthetelephone_______(ring)
5.Theweatheristoocoldforthem__________(go)out.
6.It’sagreathonor_________(invite)toyourcompany.
7.Sheasked__________(send)__________(work)onafarmaftershefinishedherstudyatthecollege.
8.MyideaistoletMrs.Black________(take)overmywork.
9.Sheseemed__________(hear)aboutitalready.
10.Thetextistoolongforher_________(learn)byheart.
小结:
。
A.功能:
除了不能作谓语之外,其余成分都能做。
B.作状语时,通常表目的,表结果(too….to,soasnotto….,onlytofind,
C.不定式的一般式表将来,进行式表同时,完成式表先时
D.常常与不定式连用的动词搭配manageto=succeedin成功做某事,
Happento碰巧,failto不能,未能,
(二)v+ing分词
v-ing分词包括传统的动名词和现在分词。
由于在某些结构中,v-ing被有些人认为是现在分词,有些人认为是动名词,因此,为了方便起见,把它们合并统称为v-ing分词。
1.构成v-ing由动词原形加–ing构成,具体方法省略
2.用法:
V-ing在句子中除了不能作谓语之外,能作各种句子成分
A作主语。
Readingaloudisveryimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage.
Talkingmendsnoholes(空谈无济于事)
Itisnouseaskingheradvice.
Itisnogoodsellingallyourproductsatreducedprices.
B宾语
下列动词只能接v-ing作宾语
为了便于记忆,分别按字母顺序排列
A.admit承认appreciate欣赏,感激avoid避免acknowledge认可,承认
B.bear忍受
C.consider考虑can’thelp情不自禁,忍不住,complete完成
D.delay耽搁,延误deny否认,拒绝,dislike不喜欢
E.enjoy,喜欢escape逃跑(脱),excuse原谅
F.finish完成favor喜欢,fancy想象
I.include包括imagine想象involve涉及牵涉
K.keep不停的做某事
M.mind介意miss错过mention提到
P,practice练习postpone推迟,prohibit禁止permit允许
Q.quit停止,退出
Rrisk冒险resent怨恨resist抑制,抵抗
Sstand忍受,suggest建议
egDoyoumindmy/meturningontheradiowhileyouarestudying?
Shesuggestedspendinganotherdayinthemountainarea.
下列句型/结构后接v-ing
A.Itisnogood/use/helpdoing…
Itisnogood+v-ing做某事没好处
Use做某事没用处
Point做某事没意思
Help做某事没帮助
Sense做某事没意思
也可以是thereisno+加上面的结构
B.havedifficulty(in)doingsth做某事有困难
C.haveahardtimedoing做某事很难受,很艰辛
D.havetrouble(in)doing做某事有困难
E.havenobusiness(in)doing无权作某事
egYouhavenobusinessbeinghere.你无权呆在这里。
C.定语。
eg.drinkingwater饮用水awaitingroom候车、候机室(表示用途)
boilingwater开水
aflyingbird飞鸟(表示一个正在发生的动作)
D.状语表示原因,方式,结果,条件,时间,伴随等等
Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.(表示时间)
Thechildfelldown,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.
孩子跌倒了,头在门上碰破了(表示结果)
Thestudentswentoutoftheschool,laughingandtalking.(表示伴随)
为了表示明确的时间或条件,有时候在分词前面加上when,while,if等连词
egWhenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.
Whilewaitingforthetrain,IhadalongtalkwithJane.
E.表语
Thenewsisexciting.
Thestoryofhislifesoundsinteresting.
F.宾补和主补
Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?
WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhimreadingsomethingaloud.
不定式做宾补,表示动作的全过程,而v-ing做宾补,则表示一个和谓语动词同时发生的动作。
e.g.Isawthemancrossthestreet.(全过程)
cf.Isawthemancrossingthestreet(表saw和cross同时发生)相当于一个瞬间的镜头。
当谓语变为被动语态时,原主动语态中的宾补就变成了主语补足语了。
Wewerekeptwaitingformorethanthreehours.-----变成主动态
Theykeptuswaitingformorethan3hours
2.分词的时态和语态(以动词write为例)
主动式
被动式
writing
beingwritten
havingwritten
havingbeenwritten
分词的一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.
分词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Havingdonehishomework,theboybegantowatchTV.
Nothavingdoneitright,hetriedagain.
被动语态表示动作的被动
Beingsurrounded,theenemywereforcedtoputdowntheirguns.
一般式表示被包围的动作和被迫放下武器的动作几乎同时发生。
Havingbeentoldthatsomeguestswerecoming,sheshoppedallmorninginthatsupermarket.
被动语态的完成式表示该动作发生在谓语动作所表示的动作之前
非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的主语,
A.找逻辑主语
B.判断是谓语还是非谓语
C.分析逻辑主语和非谓语之间的关系,是主动,而且是同时一般用v-ing,是主动,而表将来,用不定式的一般式,是主动,而动作先于谓语动词之前,则用完成式。
如果是被动(动宾关系)则用被动形式。
Exercises.
1.Itwasaverysmallhouse______(stand)inabeautifulgardenwiththegreenmountain__________(rise)upbehindit.
2.Theyoftenwent_________(ride)or_________(shoot)去骑马射箭
Goshopping,swimming/fishing…..
3.Hespentmostofhistime__________(play)football.
结构:
spendsometime/money(in)doingsth.花时间/金钱做某事
4.Carbonisfoundinall_________(live)things,bothplantandanimal.Livingthings生物
5.Theywatchedthesatellites__________(move)slowlyinthesky.
6._________(lie)undertheappletree,Newtonwasthinkingandthinking.(lying)
7.Iplayedunderabigtree,withmyfather___________(work)inthefield
8.Hesawmeandcame________(run)towardsme.
9.Hismotherisbusy_________(get)readyforwork
Bebusydoing忙于做某事=bebusywith+n
10.__________(hear)thenoise,theyimmediatelyleftthehouse.
(三)。
V-ed分词
1构成
规则动词的v-ed分词直接加–ed,不规则动词的v-ed分词单独记忆。
2.用法。
及物动词的v-ed分词表示被动,不及物动词的v-ed分词表示动作的完成。
A.做定语
developedcountries发达国家
burnedskin烧伤的皮肤
B.作状语
Givenbetterattention,thetreescouldgrowbetter.
如果管理的好些,这些树可以长得好一些(表条件)
C.作表语
Shelookeddisappointed.
Thedoorremainedlocked.
D.宾补或主补
Hefoundthehallthoroughlycleanedandeverythingarrangedingoodorder.
Shesawtheoldmanstruckbyacar.
Thenewswasmadeknownatonce.
1.Healwayswantseverything________(do)inahurry.
2.Theratwasplacedina______(close)cage.(笼子)
3.Whatisthelanguage________(speak)inAustralia?
4.Theobject________(place)intheboxisafan_________(make)offeather(羽毛)
5.BecauseofmypoorEnglish,I’mafraidIcan’tmakemyself___________(understand)
e.g.Thespeakerraisedhisvoice------(make)himself_____(hear)
e.g.Theywatchedthemotherandtheboythroughthewallwithout------(see)(beingseen)
e.g.Shecametothepartywithout_____(invite)
6.Youmaytrysomeofthetechniques__________(outline)above.
7.Traditionally,allthemembersofan________(extend)familylivedinthesamearea.
8.Hongkong_______(return)toChinain1997isoneofthemostimportantcommercialandfinancialcentersinAsia.
9.Hemadeanimportantreportatthemeeting_________(hold)lastweek.
10.Hewasquite________