students语法填空解题步骤Word下载.docx
《students语法填空解题步骤Word下载.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《students语法填空解题步骤Word下载.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
所有空格填好后,把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。
解题思路大全
解答语法填空的基本功是懂得句子的结构分析,准确理解句子意思,善于把握上下句之间的逻辑关系。
以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。
纯空格题的解题技巧
是指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题,五年来,这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。
那么什么情况下填代词?
何时填冠词?
何时填关联词?
何时填介词呢?
方法探究1
边做边悟:
请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程写出来。
在做完这一组题后,总结一下这类题的解题方法。
1.(2011)Behindhimwereotherpeopletowhomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutes__________walkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.
2.(2011)IrosefrommyseatIsatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehadanamazingconversation.HegotoffthebusbeforemeandIfeltveryhappytherestofthewayhome.
I’mgladImadeachoice.Itmade_______ofusfeelgood.
3.(2010)Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike________?
”
4.(2009)...althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease__________.
5.(2009)Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult________wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.
6.(2008)Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout__dayandnight.
7.(2007)IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused__.
归纳总结:
当句子缺主语或宾语时,填_________。
因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,你就填代词。
此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。
除人称代词外,也有可能是填_________等。
还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的it,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。
方法探究2
请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程写出来。
在做完这一组题后,总结一下这类题的解题方法。
1.(2011)Isatnexttothemanandintroducedmyself.Wehad__amazingconversation.
2.(2010)Ayoungman,whiletravelingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater.____waterwassweet.
3.(2010)Theyoungmanwenthomewithahappyheart.
4.(2009)Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot_pleasantexperience:
peoplesteppedonyourfeet
5.(2008)Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp___ricecropgrowupquickly.
6.(2007)theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto__smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.
7.(2007)Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess’scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.___________villagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.
总结归纳:
在作主语、宾语或表语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。
限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。
此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。
如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用定冠词the;
表示“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a或an;
表示“某人的”,用物主代词;
表示“一些”用some,表示“另一个”用another,表示“其他的”用other等。
方法探究3
边做边悟:
请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程写出来。
1.(2011)Ididn’twanttobelaughedatfortalkingtohimbutIdidn’tlikeleavinghim________hisowneither.
2.(2010)Histeachertookadeepdrinkandthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.Theyoungmanwenthome_____ahappyheart.
3.(2009)Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes_______sale.
4.(2009)WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready_______tablehavingsupper.
5.(2008)ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife.________theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.
6.(2008)Hewasverytired_________doingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappy.
7.(2007)Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme__aguestintheirhouse.
8.(2007)Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman__thetroubleIhadcausedher.
归纳总结:
当空格后的名词、代词或动名词不是作主语、表语,也不是作动词的___语时,填___词。
因为名词和代词最典型的用法是作主语或宾语,既然不作主语和动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语了,所以要填介词。
具体填什么介词,由介词与该___词的搭配及其意义(如上述题1~5)来决定,也可能是由___词或谓语与介词的句式搭配(如上述6~8题)来决定。
方法探究4
1.(2011)Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme____thebusarrived.
2.(2011)Behindhimwereotherpeopleto_____hewastryingtotalk,...
3.(2010)Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder____hadbeenhisteacher.
4.(2010)Weunderstandthislessonbest____wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.
5.(2009)Janepausedinfrontofacounter_____someattractivetieswereondisplay.
6.(2008)Oneday,hecameupwithanidea____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.
7.(2008)Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,___hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher
8.(2007)IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto___shouldhavethehonourofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.
9.(2007)...theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_____therewasagarage.
10.(2010佛山二模)Therobberscameinatabout22:
00onSaturday____leftat07:
00onSunday.
当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子),且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,填______;
若并列的两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词,填表示联合、选择、转折等意义的连词(如上述第10题)。
表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫_____从句),以及引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点(如引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的;
引导名词性从句的关联词,that没有任何意思也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时即填______,而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分,who,whom,which,when,where,how等则有意思也作句子成分)来决定。
方法探究5
1.(2010茂名二模)ListentothesewordsfromDarwinP.Kingsley:
“Youhavepowersyouneverdreamedof.Youcandothingsyouneverthoughtyou_______do.Therearenolimitationsinwhatyoucandoexceptthelimitationsofyourownmind.”
2.(2010茂名一模)IexplainedthatwhileIdidn’tcarryanycash,I_______happentohaveanewblanket,andaskedhimifhecoulduseit.Hewasthrilled.
3.(2009茂名二模)What’samazingisthatPluto_______understandeverythingdadsays.Theircommunicationisasneartobeingperfectaspossible...Eachseemstoknowwhattheotherneedsatanytime.Neveronce_______IheardanyoneshoutatPlutoorevenraisetheirvoices.
4.(2007肇庆二模)OncewhenIreturnedfromaSaturdaybaseballgame,_________wasStevewhotookthetimetoaskmewhathappened.
5.(2010年韶关二模)Itwasnotuntil1840________theofficialorganizationknownasthePennyPostwasestablishedinGreatBritainandgaveordinarypeoplecheapandefficientpostaldeliveries.
(1)若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能是填____动词,或强调____的do,does,did,或构成部分倒装的助动词do,does,did等(如上述1~2题);
(2)还要注意有可能是部分倒装,填助动词have,has,had与主语后的过去分词以构成完成时(如上述第3题);
(3)填it或that,以构成itis/was...that...这个强调句型(如上述4~8题)。
有提示题的解题技巧
是指“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”这类题,五年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。
方法探究6
1.(2011)He______________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.
2.(2010)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman_______(present)thewatertotheoldman.Histeachertookadeepdrink
3.(2009)...peoplesteppedonyourfeetor_______(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.
4.(2009)“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane____________(inform).
5.(2008)Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften______(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.
6.(2007)IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar_____(break)downneararemotevillage.
当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是_____动词。
此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用____语态。
方法探究7
1.(2011)Inoticedaman_________(sit)atthefront.
2.(2009)Shewishedthathewasaseasy_________(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.
3.(2008)Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop________(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.
当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列,该动词就是__________。
此时,就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。
如作主语或宾语,就用______(一般)或不定式形式(具体);
作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用__________;
作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主语的关系,用现在分词或过去分词;
有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如see/hear/noticesb.do/doingsth.,spend...doingsth.等。
方法探究8
1.(2011)IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment_____(late)thatday.
2.(2010)Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe_______(sweet).
3.(2008)...hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday...hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”______(high).
4.(2010惠州三模)Onceahabitisformed,itisdifficult,andsometimes_________(possible),togetridof.Itisthereforeveryimportantthatwepaygreatattentiontotheformationofhabits.
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词,且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时,要根据语境,理解句意,若该词意思不变,逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的______(或最高级);
若需要用与该词意义相反的意思,逻辑才通顺的,就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀。
注意:
要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than...的隐性比较级(如上述1~3题)。
比较级
方法探究9
1.(2011)Hemustbe________(mental)disabled.
2.(2010)Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled_______(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.
3.(2009)ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather______(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.
4.(2008)Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_______(nature)course.
5.(2007)Wedranktogetherandtalked_______(merry)tillfarintothenight.
6.Hefailedhismathsexaminationbecauseofhis________(care)work.
7.InAlaska,thewolfalmost________(appear)afewyearsago,becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转化。
我们可据以下3条顺利解题:
(1)作主语或宾语用_____形式;
(2)作定语、表语或补足语用______形式;
(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词,作状语,用____形式。
注意:
(1)有时不但要注意词性转换,而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀,其逻辑意义才通顺(如上述第6题);
(2)当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时,无需改变词性,就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了(如上述第7题)。