内部审计工作的未来展望外文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

内部审计工作的未来展望外文翻译Word文档下载推荐.docx

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MaterialSource:

http:

//oeconomica.uab.ro/upload/lucrari/1120091/19.pdf

Author:

CristinaBota-Avram,AtanasiuPop,FlorinBota-Avram

（4）Thecontextofcurrenteconomiccrisis

Thefirstsignsofthisglobaleconomiccrisiswerefeltinthesummerof2007,whenfinancialinstitutionsbegantorecognizethattheywerefacingwithgrowinglossesrelatedsignificantsubprimemortgages（knownashavingahighrateofrisk）.Theresultwastheinvestorsweretryingtoescapethefinancialderivativesbasedonsubprimemortgagesystem,redirectinginvestmenttospeculationbasedonthepriceofbasicgoods.Atthesametime,thesystemrealestateintheUnitedStatesisfacedwiththesituationbecomingmorecritical,embodiedindramaticdecreasesinthepriceofthepropertytransactionsweremade.Gradually,thevolumeofliquidityavailableontheglobalcreditmarkethasexperiencedsuddenandsignificantdecrease,whichfurtherledtoadecreaseinconfidenceinthefinancialsystem,increasingthecostofcredit,theavailabilityofincreasinglyreducedresourcesincreditmarkets,materializedintothesowellknownalready"

creditcrunch"

（creditcrunch）,whichlaterturnedintoaglobaleconomiccrisisaffectingthenationaleconomycascadewithdifferentdegreesofeconomicdevelopment.

ArecentreportpublishedbyACCAonthefinancialcrisis,hasidentifiedtwomajorcategoriesoffactorsthatgaverisetotheonsetofthecreditcrunchintheU.S.,namely:

1．Mainfactors:

●Thefailureofcorporategovernance（tobeactingintheinterestsofshareholders,ifnotaconflictofinterestariseswhichrequiresprofessionalismandethicsatthecompanylevel）;

●Failureinstitutionstoproperlyassesandmanageinherentrisksbetweenthebusinessandpaysystemandgrantingincentives,whichwerenotdesignedforthebenefitofallshareholders;

●Errorsinidentifyingandmanagingrisk;

●Influenceofloworevenaminimumoutputofriskmanagementdepartmentsofthebanks;

●Weaknessesinfinancialreportingandregulatorysystems.

2．Secondaryfactors:

●Toogreatcomplexityoffinancialproducts,withlittleexperienceofmanagersacrosstherisksassociatedwiththeseproducts;

●Humanerrorsembodiedinfailuresinassessingculturalinfluencesandmotivationalfactorssuchasrigidityinthinkingandunwillingnesstoadapttochange;

●Lackofproperunderstandingbythemanagementindesigningbusinessmodels,leadingtopoormanagementoversight;

●Thelackofstrictsupervisionofthenonexecutivedirectors,onepossiblecausebeingthepoorunderstandingofthecomplexityofbusinesses;

●Unhealthyhabitsacquiredasaresultofamarketthatwastoolonginapositionenablingenvironmentforrunninghedgetransactions.

Themajorimpactofthecrisisontheglobaleconomyhasledmanycommitteesandbodiesinvestigatewhichwerethemaincauseswhichledtheoutbreakandspreadofthisglobalonomiccrisis.Agroupoflegislators（SeniorSupervisorsGroup,2008）fromUnitedStates,itain,France,Germany,andSwitzerlandhaveissuedareporthighlightinggapsandshortcomingsriskmanagementprocesses,promotingtheideathatriskmanagementwasakeycontributorficientingeneratingthiscurrenteconomiccrisis.Analyzingseveralcompaniesintheareathataremoreandmoreaffectedbytheconsequencesofthecrisis（especiallycompaniesprovidingancialservices）,thereportaimstohighlightwhichweretheelementsthatcharacterizedmpanieslessaffectedbyeconomiccrisisandcharacteristicsofcompaniesmoreaffectedbytheessioneconomiccrisis.Anegativeelementidentifiedintheareaoftheaffectedcompanieswasthefailureofriskmanagementintheidentifyingandmanagingriskeffectivelyduetotheincreasingcomplexityofservicesofferedandtheriskynatureofbusinessconducted.Oneoftheconclusionsofthisreportisthataffectedcompanieswillhavetoreviewproceduresregardingthefunctioningoftheriskmanagementprocesssothatefficiencyissignificantlyimproved.

Analyzingpotentialcausesoftheglobaleconomiccrisis,frominternalaudit’spointofview,weconsiderthegenerationofthesenegativephenomenawasoccurredbyatleastfollowingsituations:

1.Internalauditdepartmentwasnotinterestedinrespectingandensuringcompliancewithinternalauditstandards,thisdisregardbeingmanifestedbytheinternalauditcustomers（managementandauditcommittee）.

2.InternalAuditDepartmentcarriedoutitsassessmentregardingtheriskmanagementprocessandthefinalreportsoverthepotentialrisksthatcouldthreatthenormalcourseofbusinessweresubmittedtothemanagementofthecompanies,butinternalauditorswerenotsufficientlyabletoidentifyandreportdeficiencieswithinareasonabletimefortheoperationofsignificantchangesintheprocessofriskmanagement.

3.InternalAuditDepartmenthasmadeassessmentsofriskmanagement,buttheseresultswerenotcommunicatedtothemanagement.

4.InternalAuditDepartmentfullyrespecttheinternationalstandardsforinternalauditbydoingtheassessment,monitoringandreportingtomanagementtheresultsontheeffectivenessofriskmanagement,butmanagementandtheauditcommitteehadignoredallthesereports,consideringthemtoolessimportant.

LeechT.,adistinguishedmemberoftheCanadianInstituteofInternalAuditorsandInspectorsAssociationofCertifiedFraudExaminersintheU.S.andinternationallyrecognizedbecauseofhisknowledgeinmanagementrisk,riskassessment,developmentofinternalauditandpreventionanddetectionoffraudevents,hadbeenconductedalotofmanysurveysinmanyorganizationsinseveralcountriesfromdifferentsectorsofactivity.Theresultsofthesestudies（Leech,2009）determinedLeechtoappreciatethatoneofthemostfrequentlyencounteredsituations（whichcouldactuallybeconsideredoneofthecausesofthecrisis）wasthesituationwhentheinternalauditorshaveachievedtherequirementsforassessingandreportingonriskmanagement,buttheywereunsuccessfulinidentifyingandreportingwithinareasonabletimethedeficienciesthathadbeenthreatentheefficiencyofriskmanagement.

ThenewversionoftheinternalauditstandardsadoptedbytheInstituteofInternalAuditors（IIA）,revisedinOctober2008andapplicablefromJanuary12009,presentcertainsubstantivechanges,whicharedesignedtoenhancetheroleandcontributionofinternalauditinmonitoring,assessingandreportingontheeffectivenessofconductingofriskmanagementprocess.Inthiscontext,itbecomesabsolutelynecessarytoestablishareferenceframeworkinassessingandreportingontheeffectivenessofriskmanagement,themainobjectiveofthisframeworkbeingthetransmissionofthenecessaryskillsforinternalauditorstoensurecompliancewithIIAstandards,particularlyinthecontextofanenvironmentsothreatenbytheglobaleconomiccrisisphenomenathatgeneratedsuchunimaginablenegativeconsequences.

（5）Economiccrisis:

keythemesforrefocusinginternalauditactivity

Itbecomesmorethanobviouslythiscurrenteconomiccrisis,whichischaracterizedbysomeexpertsasunprecedented,willhaveasignificantimpactonthedevelopmentofseveralareas,oneofthesebeingtheinternalauditactivity.Proposingtodeterminethecoordinatesthatwilldeterminethefutureevolutionofinternalaudit,Ernst&

Youngconductedastudyin2008amonginternalauditdirectorsfrom348companiesin35countries.Theresultsobtainedwereinteresting:

Ø

Thescopeofinternalauditwillexpandsignificantlyintheforthcomingperiodandtheroleofinternalauditinitseffortsofimprovingtheactivitiesandtheprocesseswithinthecompanieswillbecomemoreandmorefocusedonstrategicaspects;

Significantchangeswillhavetobemadeinsomeofthefollowingcategories:

governance,humanresourcesinvolved,theinfrastructureactivitiesperformed;

Internalauditwillhavetofocusoverthedevelopmentofinternalauditskills’necessaryintheprocessofriskmanagementthathavetobefocusedmoreandmoreovertheoperationalandstrategicrisks.Inthesametime,internalauditwillhavetodevelopbetterskillstoidentifyawiderrangeofrisksspecifictodifferentbusinesssectors;

Theexpectationsofmanagementandauditcommitteesvis-à

-visinternalauditorswillincreasesignificantly,giventothefactthatimportanceofinternalauditanditsabilitytocombatthenegativeeffectsinthecontextofcurrenteconomiccrisisisbecomingmoreandmore.

Inordertoevaluatetheextenttowhichtheglobaleconomicandfinancialcrisishasimpactedinternalauditactivities,IIAandIIAResearchFoundation（IIARF）conductedasurveyinearlyMarch2009,askingtheparticipantsabouttheoverallimpactoftheeconomicslowdownontheirorganizationsand,subsequently,overtheirinternalauditefforts.Therespondentswereaskedalotofquestionsinordertodeterminetheimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisontheirinternalauditactivity.So,onefirstquestionaskedrespondentswastoidentifyiftheirbudgetshavechangedduringthepast12months.Although41percentofrespondentsstatedtheirbudgetshavestayedaboutthesame（asshowninFigureno.1）,51percentstatedtheirbudgetshavedecreasedanywherefromlessthan10percenttomorethan50percent.

Figureno.1

TheimpactofCurrentFinancialCrisisonInternalAuditBudgets

Itisobviouslythatcurrenteconomiccrisiscontinuestoaffectorganizationsatdifferentlevels.Inthiscontextmanyinternalauditactivitiesaregoingtochangethefocusoftheiractivities,transformingasignificantpartofmoretraditionalauditworkandconcentratingmoreontheemergingrisksthathavesurfacedfromthechangingbusinessandeconomicenvironment