托福听写Word文档格式.docx

托福听写Word文档格式.docx

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ThistopicshouldbeaspecialinterestinginterestsinceIknowallmanyofyouarealreadyattheforefrontofworkplacetechnology.Forexample,let’shavealookshowofhandstoseehowmanypeopleherecommunicateattelecommunicateleastpartofthetime.Hmm,Iseeaeighthandsraised.Well,youeightfolkswhoandyouworkathomeandcommunicatewithyouofficesviacomputerrepresentoneofthetrendsasMsLamberthasdescribed:

thatpeoplearebecominglesstiedtotheworkplace.

Oneofthemostimportanttoolsfortelecommutingiselectronicmail,orE-Mail.E-Mailsletsyousendandreceivemailsmessagesalmostimmediatelyonyourcomputer,letbutyoucontrolwhentoyoureadthemandwhenyourespondtothem.Thistechnologyallowspeopletohavemorecontrolovertime,andthenthanwhenrelyingsolelyonthetelephone.Ourguesttonightwilldiscusshowthistheseimportantchangeswillalterthewaywework.

But,beforeturningthefloorovertoMsLambert,Iwouldjustliketoremindyouthatshewillbeavailableoftoanswerindividualquestionsatthereceptionimmediatelyfollowingthistalk.

Business4（manage）

TodayIwouldI’dliketoturnourattentiontoanareaofmanagementoftenoverlookedintroditionalintraditionalmanagementcourses:

smallbusinessmanagement.Smallbusinesseshavegonefrombeingtraditionalsmall-townstoressellingfoodorclothingtosurfisticatingsophisticated,high-techenterprises.Andaninadditiontotheimportantproductstheyproduce,theycreatejobsforalotlotsofpeoplebecausetheyaresomanyofthem.

It’simportantformanagementtokeepinmindwhichthecustomers’needsthatthebusinessserves.Becausetheanswerisitcan’tservealltheirneeds.Writingabusinessplanthateveryoneintheorganizationunderstandsandfollowswillhowhelptoprovidenecessaryfocustotheactiontoproduction.It’simportanttostateclearlywhatthepurposeofthebusinessis.Additionally,eachpersonintheorganizationmustknowhowtotestorperforminordertofulfillthatpurpose.

Now,ifforsomereasonoftheabusinessplandoesn’twork,tryhardtodiscoverwhynot,rewriteit,andimmediatelyfocusonthenewplan.Awordworkofcaution,however,nevergiveupabadplanwithoutreplacingit.Abusinesshastohaveaplan,becauseitcan’taffordtowasteitslimitedresources.And,asyoushouldknow,wastelistsleadstounnecessarilyhighproductioncost.Productioncostsareattheheartofthecompany’sabilitytomakeahigh

qualityproductandsellitatanaffordableplace.

Campus1（medicalstudent）

ItseemslikeonlyyesterdaythatIwassittingatwhereyouare,justfinishingmyfirstyearofmedicalschool,andwanderingifIevergetachancetouseallmynewknowledgetoonareallifelivenewpatients.

Well,Ihavegoodnewsforyou.Youdon’thavetowaituntilyour3rdor4thyearofmedicalschooltogetasomehands-onexperience.Thedeanishasanadvisorinvitedmeheretotellyouabouttheuniversity’sruralopportunityprogram.Ifyouarerolledenrollinthisprogram,youcanhavetheopportunitythissummerafteryourfirstyearofmedicalschool,Justtospendfrom4to6weekstoobservingandassistingarealphysician,likeme,inasmallruralcommunity.Youdon’twon’thavetocompetewithotherstudentsfortimeandattention,andyoucanseewhatlifeasacountrydoctorisreallylike.

Theprogramiswasdesignedtoencouragemedicalstudentslikeyouselvestoconsidercareersinruralcommunitiesthatarestillunderstaffsunderstaffed.Itseemsthatmedicalstudentsareafraidtoruralfamilypracticefor2reasons.First,theydon’tknowmuchaboutit,andsecond,specialistsinthecitycitiesusuallymakemoremoney.Butinontheoppositeup-side,intheruralpractice,doctorscanreallygettoknowtheirpatientsandtheyareberespectedmembersofthecommunity.

Iparticipatedintheprogramwhenitfirststarted,andIspend6weeksinasmallruraltown.Letmetellyouitwasreallygreat.Igottoworkwithrealpatients,Iwatchedthebirthofachild,assistedanaccidentvictim,andhadalotlotsofreallypracticalhands-onexperience---allinonesummer.Andtomysurprise,Ifoundthethatcountrylifehasalottoofferthethatcitylifedoesn’t---nopollutionortrafficjamsforinstance.

MyexpirencemaybemademewanttoworkwhereI’mneededandappreciated.Idon’tmissthecityatall.

Campus2（Announcement）

Inafewminutesthatremainedofinthistoday’sclass,I’dliketodiscussnextweek’sschedulewithyou.BecauseIwasampresentingapaperattheaconferenceinDetroitonThursday,Iwon’tbehereonforeitherWednesday’sorFriday’sclass.Iwill,however,behereatforMondays.NextFriday,aweekfromtoday,isthemid-termexam,markingahalfofhalfwaypointofthisinthesemester.ProfessorAndrewhasagreedtoadministratetheexam.InplaceoftheusualWednesdayclass,Iwillrangehavearrangedanoptionalreviewsession.Sinceisoptional,attendancewillnotbetaken.However,attendingtheclasswouldbeagoodideaforthosewhoworriedaboutthemid-term.Soremember,optionalclass,nextWednesday,mid-term,Friday.

Campus3（Housing）

Ineedtomakesurethatyouunderstandhowtogethousingfornextyear.Whenyouenterasafirststudentthisyear,thisschoolassignsyoutoadormandaroommate.Thenextyearasreturningstudent,you’llchooseyourroommateandyourdorm.But,whetherornotyouactuallygetinyourfirstchoicedependsonwhatnumberyouoryourroommatewritedrawsinthelotterysystem.Thesystemisprioritytothesestudents…Fourthyearstudentgetthefirstblockofnumbers,thirdyearsgetthesecondblock,secondyears,likeyou’llbe,getthethird.Thelowerthenumberyoudraw,thesooneryouchoose.Number1isgetsthefirstchoice,number2getsthesecondchoiceandsoon.Youcanuseeitheryourownoryourintendedroommate’snumbertomakeyourownchoice.Ifyourroommatenextyearhasbeenofftheschoollongerthanyouare,you’llbebetterblocknumbers.Andwehavebetternumbersthananysecondyearstudents.But,mostofyouwillprobablyberoomingwithothersecondyearstudents,andsoneitherofyouwillhaveofagreatnumber.Youmaynotgetinyourfirstorevensecondchoice.Ofcourse,ifyoumayplantoliveoffcampus,youdon’tneedtoenterthelotteryatall.…dorms’spacewouldbeespeciallytightthisyear…Thismeansthat…won’tbeabletogethousingatall.Inthatcase,thehousingofficecanwillhelpyoufindoffcampushousing.

Campus4（）

EarthScience1（）（）

I’mgladyoubroughtupthequestion…investigationintotheearth’sinterior.Infact,sinceitisthetopicorreadingassignmentfornexttime,letmespendthelast…minutestalkingaboutit.Therewereseveralimportantdiscoveriesintheearlypartofthecenturythathelpgeologistsdiscovermorepicturesoftheearth’sinterior.Thefirstkeydiscovery…thesizeofwaves.…theyarevibrationscausedbyearth….Well,scientistsfoundthattheytravelthousandsofmilesintheearth’sinterior.…studytheinnerpartoftheearth.Yousee,thestudyreviewsthatthesevibrationaretwotypes.…orPwaves,andsheer,orSwaves.AndresearchedfoundthatthePwavestravelthroughbothliquidandsolid,whileSwavestravelonlythroughsolidmatter.In1906abritishgeologistdiscoveredthatPwavesslowdownatacertaindepth,…deeper.Ontheotherhand,Swavesdisappear…orreflectedback.Sohecanconcludethatthedepthmarktheboundaryofthesolidmantleandtheliquidcore.Threeyearslateanother…wasfound.Thatbetweenthemantleandthe…crust.Therearestillalottobelearnedabouttheearth.Forinstancethegeologistshadalreadyknownthatthecoreishot（solved!

!

Dealtosomeaccident）

EarthScience2（climate）

TodayIwanttotalkabouttheearth’slastmajorclimaticshift,attheotherendofthelasticeage.Butfirst,let’sspeckbackupamoment,andreviewwhatwealreadyknowabouttheclimaticchangeingeneral.

Firstwedefineclimateasconsistentpatternsofweatheroversignificantareaperiodsoftime.Ingeneral,changesinclimateoccurwhentheenergybalanceoftheEarthisdisturbed.SolarenergyandenterstheEarth’satmosphereisaslightanditisradiatedbytheEarth’ssurfaceasheat.Land,waterandiceeachaffectthisenergyexchangeclimateasitdifferently.Thesystemissocomplexthattodayourbestcomputermodelsareonlyincludecrudeapproximations,andarenotsophisticatedenoughtotestthehypothesesaboutthecausesofclimatechange.

Ofcoursethatdoesn’tkeepusfromspeculating.Forinstance,volcanicactivityisonemechanismthatmightaffectclimatechange.Whenlargevolcanoserupt,theydispersetonsofparticlesintotheupperatmosphere,Wellwheretheparticlethenreflectlight.Sincelittlelesslightisintoenteringthesystemofenergyexchange,theresultwillwouldbeacoolingoftheearth’ssurfacesystem.

Ofcoursethisisonlyjustonepossiblemechanismoftheglobalclimatechange.Inallprobability,acompleteexplanationwillwouldinvolveseveraldifferentmechanismsoperatingatthesametime.

EarthScience3（minerals）

I’dliketobeginbythankingDr.KingKaneforinvitingmetobeheretoday.AlthoughIamnotageologist,Ihavebeenincollectingmineralsforyears.Mycollectionisreallydiverse,becauseI’vetravelledallovertheworldtofindthem.TodayI’vebroughtsomeafewspecimensfor