第一学期英语基础语翻译教案Word下载.docx
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课程类型
专业英语翻译理论与实践
课程名称
(章、节)
基础翻译
教学目的
要求
翻译能力培养
教学重点
长句翻译
教学难点
长句拆译
主要教具
设备材料
自备讲义
课后记
教学内容(板书)
备注
第一章翻译实践中的短语处理
第一节名词词组
一、汉语主谓结构名词词组
(1)ASasakwawaFoundationdonationof$1.6milliontoMasseyUniversityintheNewZealandcityofPalmerstonNorthwashardlyenoughtomakeasmallholeintheSasakwawaFoundationprettycashreserves.
(2)(WhydoestheMoonappearlargerwhenitisrisingorsetting?
)Scientistshavecomeupwithvariousexplanations,includingthemusclestainforthepersonlookingupandthecomparisonoftheMoonwithotherthingsonthehorizonthatmakesitappearlarger,butthusfarthereisnowidelyacceptedexplanationofthephenomenon.
(3)PresidentBillClintoncametoWhiteHousewithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional$20000millionannuallyonAmerica’sinfrastructuretodeveloptheworldbestcommunication,transportation,environmentalsystem.
教案
第二节词组为“形容词+名词”偏正结构
1.因果关系
Somepeoplemaysuspecthimofadegreeofunderbredpride.
2.间接修饰关系。
Afamousmaddoctorwillcometoouruniversitytogivealectureonmentaldiseases.
3.直接修饰关系
Oneshouldalwayshaveacheerfulpositiveoutlookonlife.
4.逻辑主语关系
(1)Thesolar-powerd,sixwheeled,22-poundvehiclewillseewhereit’goingwith2tinyTVcameras.
5.并列关系
Therespectinwhichhewasholdwaspartlyowingtothemanhimself,withhiswarmfriendlinessandhisgayspirits.
第二章偏正词组
第一节形容词短语
(一)含补足意义的形容词短语
该类形容词短语构成句子部分信息,补足其所修饰的名词词组意义,可灵活译为多种汉语形式。
1.形容词词组充当非限制性定语。
(1)Thusthenewnationsecuredforitsbirthrightavastinternalempirerichinagriculturalandmineralresources.
说明:
该形容词短语结构简单,译为前置宾语。
(2)CerroPrieto,twentymilessouthoftheUnitedStatesborders,isalargegeothermalenergyfiled,likelytoproduce1000megawattsofelectricityannuallybytheearly1990’s.
(3)Scientistsestimatethatabout35000otherobjects,toosmalltodetectwithradarbutdetectablewithpowerfulEarth-basedtelescopes,arealsocirclingtheEarthatanaltitudeof200to700miles.
说明
(2)---(3):
形容词短语冗长,转译为独立分句。
(4)Wewereinterruptedwhenourcousin,Mary,asix-grader,redhaired,tallandskinnyasspaghetti,appearedinthedoorway..
(5).Withthreethousandmillionstarsinit,thegalaxyhasasizeunthinkableinusualterms.
说明(4)—(5):
形容词短语转译为谓语结构。
2.形容词短语充当表语,补足主语意义,常以为汉语动词结构。
(1)Theyoungofmostbirdspeciesaretotallydependentonparentalcareafterhatching.
(2)Barbaraseemedcompletelyhazyaboutthingsonwitchshehadbeenquitecertainattheoriginaltrialfiveyearsearlier.
第二节含状语功能的形容词短语
(1.)Abletogoalmostanywhere,evenovertheAlleghenybarrier,therailroaddefiedweather.
(2).Oftenmodestly-colored,andseeminglytwo-dimensionalastheyclingtowhatevertheyfind,inchesgrowinbackgroundasthoughdesignedtobeignored.
(3)Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglivingcosts,thefederalgovernmentappointedaboardofsupervisorstohandledeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.
第三章介词短语
第一节
.with…词组
(1)Today,educationandrelatedresearchcontinuetobeM.I.T.’scontrolpurpose,withrelevancetothepracticalworldasguidingprinciple.
With…词组可汉译为并列分句。
(2).AspecialattractionistheDollGallery,withpiecesfromthecollectionsofformerSenatorBarryGoldwater.
(3)Naturally,withsuchdistances,theclimateintheContinentalU.S.alsocoversgreatextremes.
(4)ManyThirdWorldnationswithhighunemploymentandlowwageshaveseenanemigrationofworkerstothedevelopednations.
(5)ThroughouttheU.S.tensofthousandsofpeoplewithheartsthatshouldbegoodenoughtokeepthemalivedieorlackofadequatefirstaid.
(6).(Knowledgeispower,butstillmoretheabilityofacquiringandusingknowledgeispower)…Ifyoucomeoutofcollegewithatrainedmindadnothinguseforinit,youwillstillbeahead.Andstill,inamanner,educated..
“with…”词组汉译为动宾结构。
(7)Hewasatall,lankyyoungmanwithslightlydroopedshouldersandanunrulymopofcoarsedarkhairthatsweepacrosshisforehead.
(8)Withtheactionofsunlightoncellscontainingchlorophyllandothermaterials,chemicalreactionsoccurintrees,andoxygenisreleased.
(9)Hallallowedthathewasagoodtenor.Withthat,theysentabellboyaroundthelobbytofindabass.
“with…”词组作为固定结构,意为“于是”,“说着就…”。
第二节
as…词组
“as…+NP。
”意为身份、用途、目的等语义,翻译时不必囿于“作为……”形式。
(1)Scottsdale’slongtimemayor,HerbDrinkwater,cametotheSunValleyasateenagerduringthe1940s,soasthmaticthathislipsandfingernailsturnedbluewitheffortofwalkingacrossaroom.
(2)AnkaraseesitsplannedoilpipelinerasakeytoTurkey’emergenceastheregion’sleadingpoliticalandeconomicpower.
(3)Ihadtoadmitsheknewhebusinessasadesigner.
(4)Solarpowerisreceivingwideattentionasapossiblesourceofclean,inexpensiveandabundantenergy.
(5)(5)SomeofthenotebooksGeorgeWashingtonkeptasayoungmanarestillinexistencetoday.
第三节
between…
翻译时根据上下文判断“between…”之后各语言单元的并列关系,避免歧义的产生。
(1)Historicallinguisticsismainlyconcernedwiththehistoricalrelationsbetweenandwithinlanguages.
(2)Inconsideringhowthoseaffectedbyfolkloreviewit,malinowskireferstotheTrobriandIslanderswhodifferentiatebetweenwhathedefinesasfairytales,legendsandmyths.
“between”一般用于二者之间,该句中“between”之后有三个并列成分,用以强调每二者间的区别,再如“
Canyoutellthedifferencebetweengases,liquidsandsolids?
(3)Theconnectionbetweenconceptsandstatementsontheonehandandsensorydateontheotherhandisestablishedthroughactsofcountingandmeasuring.
(4)Thesmallfarmwouldneverhavesupportedahiredhand.Haggandhiswiferanitbetweenthem.
“dosomethingbetween…”指两人共同做……。
(5)Onehastochoosebetweenbeingpopularandbeingtruetoone’sinnermostideals.
(6)Shemilkedthecows,fedthepigsandchickens,andcollectedtheeggs.Betweenthesechores,shebustledintothekitchentopreparethemeal.
“between”指“前后几件事的间隔之中”。
第四节
四)among…词组
1.“among”原意为“在……中间”,用于三者或三者以上。
(1)Myhometownstandsamongthehill.
(2)Intensive-careunitsofhospitals,communicationsandmicroelectronicsareamongthesectorslikelytobeunaffectedbyclimaticchange.
(3)YoungCharleswasapreciousreaders,andasachildbrowsedamongthepreviouscentury.
2.”among+形容词最高级”,用作标语或补足语时,表示“……之一”。
(1).ThoughthefirmemployedsomeofAmerica’sfinestartists,artisticexcellentstillcouldnotbecountedamongthefirm’srealgoals.
(2).Amongthemostversatileofthecommonmetals,leadwaswidelyvaluedandusedinancienttimes.
说明“among…”词组补足主语“lead”的意义。
3.ClaraMasswastheonlywomantoparticipateintheexperimentinsearchofthecauseofyellowfeverandamongthefewvolunteerstodiefromit.amongotherthings可译为“除…之外,还......”;
“尤其……”。
(1)AmongotherthingsthefallofConstantinopleplantedtheseedsofthecurrentwarfarebetweenChristiansandMuslinsinBosnia
(2)Amongotherthings,MalsonwantstheHighLama’shelpinturningovertotheauthoritiestheAmerican,HenryBarnard,whoisanembezzlertravelingincognito.
第四章介词短语2与非限制性动词
第一节
含“of…”词组
依据of…介词词组与其前面的名词词组的各种不同意义的关系,灵活翻译。
1.逻辑动宾关系
“the+动作名词+of…词组结构中,后名词词组是其前面动作的逻辑宾语。
(1)Thisgroupofexhibitionhallsandshoppingcentershadfallenonhardtimes,butbeginningwiththeconstructionofanewcityhallimmediatelyadjacent,ithasreturnedtolifewiththeskill
Fullreuseoftherefineoldbuildings.
2.逻辑主谓关系
(1)ThisjuxtapositionofthetranquilandtheviolentwasanalmostcompulsivepreoccupationofPicasso’sinthe20sand30s.
第二节非限制性动词
(一)形容词性非限定动词短语
(1)Thedigitalcomputerisanelectronicmachinewhichcontainsthousandsoftinycircuitscharacterizedbythefactthattheyhaveonlytwostates:
completeandbroken..
(2)Theuniverseconsistsofbillionsofgalaxiesflyingapartasiffromanexplosionthatsetinmotion
(3)AnovelcarwillbeseenattheracetobeheldatLeMans,France,in1995.
(4)HeavyTVwatchersappearedtobesomewhatdesensitizedor“turnedoff”toviolence,suggestingthepossibilityofanemotionalbluntinginthepresenceofwitnessviolence.
(二)副词性非限定动词短语
(1)Theseatriallastedatotalof8days,givingthechiefengineeraopportunitytotestfuelconsumptionoffreightatalltypesofweatherconditions.
(2)“Sir”Duncansaid,speakingbeforethePresidentcouldopenthemeetingandeyeinghimforhisreaction“Isuggestwelettheengineeringreportwaituntilwe’vedoneourotherbusiness”.
(3)Thesecomputersareadvertisedashavingmemoriesof16Kof512K.dependingontheirstoragecapacity.
(4)PrimarymemoryiscloselyassociatedwiththeCPUbecauseitstoresprogramsanddatatemporarily,makingthemimmediatelyavailableforprocessingbytheCPU.
第五章主要句型结构
第一节定语从句
定语从句不仅局限于限定先行项,其语法、语义功能丰富多样,汉语翻译时挖掘句子深层结构中逻辑意义关系,灵活变更原定语从句成分及表达形式。
(1)Inhalftheareaofthecountry,containing25percentofitspopulation,gethelpresidentsmustcalla7-digitemergencynumberthatvariesfromarea,whichcanresultinlife–robbingdelayofseveralminutes.
(2)Historically,thestandardvarietyofEnglishisbasedontheLondondialectofEnglishthatdevelopedaftertheNormanConquestresultedintheremovaloftheCourtWinchestertoLondon.
(3)(Theartificialarmapproachesanidealinthescienceofprostheticsbecauseitrespondstodirectionsfromthebrain).Tencontactheadsinthedevicewornaroundthewais