名词教师Word文档格式.docx
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bread面包fire火grain谷物metal金属cotton棉snow雪
(4)抽象名词(abstractnoun),表示动作、状态、品质或其他抽象概念的名称。
happiness幸福peace和平health健康
arrival到达difficulty困难friendship友谊
名词的数
名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1、可数名词单数变复数:
①一般加s:
lesson→lessons,pen→pens
②以s,x,ss,ch,sh,o结尾的加es:
buses,boxes,classes,watches,brushes,hero→heroes
但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:
kilo→kilos,piano→pianos,radio→radios,
photo→photos,zoo→zoos
③以辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i,再加es:
city→cities,story→stories
④以f或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es:
knife→knives,leaf→leaves
但有些以f结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:
belief→beliefs,roof→roofs,safe(保险箱)→safes,proof(证据)→proofs,chief→chiefs,handkerchief→handkerchiefs
2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:
①单复数形式相同:
Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep
②不规则变化:
man→men,woman→women,goose→geese,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,child→children,mouse→mice,ox→oxen。
但是,German→Germans
③复合名词的复数形式:
editor-in-chief→editors-in-chief,daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law,grown-up→grown-ups,womanteacher→womenteachers,mandriver→mendrivers
3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题
①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:
fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
②物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。
如:
acupoftea,threebagsofapples,fourpiecesofbread。
③有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。
work(工作)→works(著作),arm(手臂)→arms(军火),glass(玻璃)→glasses(眼镜),cloth(布)→clothes(衣服)。
④定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;
姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…的人。
theWangs王家,threeWangs三个姓王的。
⑤只用作单数的复数形式的名词。
physics,mathematics,news,theUnitedStates
⑥有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。
police,people,cattle
⑦有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。
class,family,couple,audience,government,public
⑧有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。
表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;
表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。
Howdidyousmoothawaythedifficulties?
(指各种具体困难);
Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.;
Whatasurprise!
名词的所有格
名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。
1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。
Tom’sbike,Engles’s(Engles’)works,aworks’school,Women’sDay,theeditor-in-chief’soffice
2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。
TomandMike’sroom.(共有),Tom’sandMike’sbooks.(不共有)。
3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格,如:
today’spapers,tenminutes’walk
4、表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home。
thetailor’s
5、无生命名词的所在格通常用of短语来表示。
thewindowoftheroom
6、表示有生命的名词有时也可用of短语来表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。
theteachersoftheNo.1MiddleSchool.
7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个,双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词,这个名词是确定的。
被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时,一般只能用双重所有格。
anoldfriendofmyuncle’s,adaughterofMrsGreen’s,thehouseofoneofmyfriends
八、点击考点
1.Allthehavethreeeach.
A.hero;
photoB.heros;
photos
C.heroes;
photoesD.heroes;
photos
2.Agroupofareeatingandatthefootofthehill.
A.sheep;
grass;
leavesB.sheeps;
grasses;
leaves
C.sheep;
leafD.sheeps;
leafs
3.Allthearemadeof,notplastics.
A.glass;
glassB.glasses;
glassC.glass;
glassesD.glasses;
glasses
4.—Whatdidyousee?
—Isawpolicethere.
A.manyB.muchC.littleD.the
5.fisharethereinthatbowl?
A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.DoyouknowhowmuchD.What'
sthenumberof
6.Thewesawyesterdaycomeouttothefarmonceinawhile.
A.cowB.dogC.deerD.horse
7.isneededincoldcountries.
A.AlotofclothesB.MuchclothingC.ManyaclothD.Lotsofclothes
8.Itriedeverytomakehimgiveupsmoking,butfailed.
A.meanB.wayC.meaningD.means
9.Twoyearsago,helivedinAmerica.
A.scoresB.scoreC.scoreoftheD.scoresof
10.aresoldinthenewstore.
A.Manandchild'
sshoesB.Men'
sandchildren'
sshoes
C.MenandchildrenshoesD.Men'
sandchild'
sshoes
11.Theyareinname,buttheyarenolongerinpractice.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.ladydoctorsD.ladiesdoctors
12.Juliewenttothetobuyapairofshoes.
A.shoesstoreB.shoestoreC.shoe'
sstoreD.shoes'
store
13.—Whatwouldyouliketodrink?
—I'
llhave,please.
A.acoffeecupB.smallcoffeeC.alittlecoffeeD.acupcoffee
14.InBritainareallpaintedred.
A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox
15.Biologyis.
A.scienceoflifeB.scienceofthelife
C.thescienceofthelifeD.thescienceoflife
16.I'
llgiveyoutofinishit.
A.two-weekstimeB.twoweekstimeC.twoweeks'
timeD.twoweek'
stime
17.ismoreusefulthangold.
A.IronsB.IronC.AnironD.Theiron
18.areahardworkingpeople.
A.TheGermanyB.TheGermanC.TheGermansD.TheGermen
19.—Whosehatisit?
”—It'
shat.
A.somebodyelse'
sB.somebodyelse
C.somebody'
selse'
sD.somebody'
selse
20.MikeandJohn'
s.
A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachers
C.fatherareteachersD.fathersareteacher
21.Howmanydoyouwant?
A.breadB.breadsC.pieceofbreadD.piecesofbread
22.MissSmithisafriendof.
A.Mary'
smother'
sB.Mary'
smother
C.mother'
sofMaryD.Marymother
23.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.
A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair
24.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedfifty,butanumberofthemabsentfordifferentreasons.
A.were;
wasB.was;
wasC.was;
wereD.were;
were
25.Allbutoneherejustnow.
A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were
答案:
1.D2.A3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.D9.B10.B11.B12.B13.C14.A15.D16.C17.B18.C19.A20.A21.D22.A23.D24.C25.D
练习、名词
1.The____oftheroomwerecoveredwith____.
A.roofs,leafsB.roofs,leavesC.rooves,leafsD.rooves,leaves
2.Therearethree____inourfactory.
A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.womendoctor
3.Whichdoyouprefer____or____?
A.potatos,tomatosB.potatos,tomatoes
C.potatoes,tomatosD.potatoes,tomatoes
5.Theanthastwo____.
A.stomachesB.stomacksC.stomachD.stomachs
6.Hedoesn’tlike____forsupper.
A.chickB.chickenC.chickensD.chicks
7.Itwas____hotweatherthatmanyofuswentswimming.
A.soB.suchC.soasD.sucha
8.____wonderfulspacetheysawontheroom!
A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata
9.Weknow____travelsnotsofastaslight.
A.soundB.soundsC.thesoundsD.asound
13.____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople’slivingstandard.
A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AgreatdealofD.Anumberof
14.MrLishook____warmlywithafriend.
A.handB.ahandC.handsD.thehands
15.Two____,please.
A.coffeeB.coffeesC.cupofcoffeeD.cupscoffee
16.Ican’tpayas____asheaskedfor.
A.highpriceaB.highpriceC.ahighpriceD.highaprice
17.____knowledgeofspacedevelopsrapidly.
A.Man’sB.Men’sC.Mens’D.Person’s
18.Istayedat____.
A.XiaoWang’sB.Wang’shomeC.theWangsD.homeofWang
19.SisterCarrieworksina____factory.
A.shoesB.shosesC.shoeD.shoe’s
20.Haveyoueverread____?
A.todaynewspaperB.newspapertoday
C.newspaperoftodayD.today’snewspaper
21.Two____walkdidn’tmademetired.
A.hourB.hoursC.hour’sD.hours’
22.Themotheroverthereis____mother.
A.JuliaandMaryB.JuliaandMary’s
C.Julia’sandMary’sD.Julia’sandMary
23.LiMing’shandwritingisbetterthan____intheclass.
A.anyone’sB.anyoneelse
C.anyone’selse’sD.anyoneelse’s
24.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.
A.sand,sandB.sands,sandsC.sand,sandsD.sands,sand
25.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.setB.oneC.copyD.pair
26.Tomusuallytakesa____inbusonrainydays.
A.walkB.rideC.tripD.travel
27.Wehaveno____aboutwhereshehasgone.
A.informationB.newsC.messageD.flash
28.Foodand____aredailynecessities(需要)forthepeople.
A.clothB.clotheC.clothesD.clothing
29.My____ofhearingisnotsogoodasitusedtobe.
A.strengthB.senseC.powerD.skill
30.The____causedbycarelessness____yesterday.Manyworkerswerekilled.
A.incident,washappenedB.matter,happened
C.event,wastakenplaceD.accident,tookplace
语法复习十七:
1~5BBDDD6~10BBCAA11~15ABCCB16~20DAACD21~25DBDCD
26~30BADBD31~35AABDC36~40BACCB41~45ABDCA46~50BABCB
二、阅读理解
(一)
JamesCook,attheageofforty,wassentbyEnglandtoexplore(探索)thePacificOcean.Onhisthirdvoyage,ascaptaininchargeoftwoships,theDiscoveryandtheRevolution,hecameuponagroupofunknownislandswhichhenamedtheSandwichIslandsafterhisfriend,theEarl(伯爵)ofSandwich.TodaytheislandsareknownattheHawaiianIslands.
WhenCooksailedintoaprotectedbay(海湾)ofoneofthelargerislands.Thenativegreetedhimwithcuriosity(好奇)andrespect.Somehistorianssaidthattheislanders,welcomedhim,believinghewasthegod,protectorofpeaceandagriculture.
Theislanderswereshort,strongpeoplewithaverywell-organizedsocialsystem.Themenfishedandraisedcrops.Thewomenpreparedforthechildrenandmadeclothingforthemenandshortskirtsforthewomen.
1.Theislandswerenamed_______.
A.theHawaiianIslandsbyJamesCook
B.theEarlofSandwichbyJamesCook
C.DiscoverybyJamesCook
D.thesandwichIslan