AnnualReportonDevelopmentofRuleofLawinChina1Word格式文档下载.docx

AnnualReportonDevelopmentofRuleofLawinChina1Word格式文档下载.docx

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I.OntheWorkofLawmaking

II.OnAdministrationAccordingtotheLaw

III.OntheWorkofTrial,Prosecution,PublicSecurityandJudicialAdministration

IV.OnReforminJudicialSystemandWorkMechanisms

V.OnLegalSupervision

VI.OnGuaranteeingHumanRightsbyLaw

VII.OnProtectionofIntellectualPropertyRight

VIII.OnEnvironmentalLawSystemConstruction

IX.OnDisseminationofLegalKnowledge

X.OnLegalEducationandJurisprudentialStudies

XI.OnInternationalCommunicationsandCooperation

Conclusions

Annex

2009isthe60thanniversaryofthefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.Inthepast60years,China’sruleoflawhasexperiencedthreestages:

first,creationduringtheeraofthefoundingofNewChina;

second,disastrousdestructionduringtheperiodofthe“CulturalRevolution”;

third,innovativedevelopmentafterreformingandopeningup.Through60yearsofstrenuousexploration,theCommunistPartyofChina（CPC）andtheChinesepeoplehaverealizedprofoundlythatabandoningideaoftheruleoflawwillresultindisorderinthiscountrywhilepromotingtheruleoflawwillbringprosperity,andhaveultimatelyfoundthewaytothedevelopmentofruleoflawthatisconsummatetoChina’srealities--theruleoflawinasocialistsocietywithChinesecharacteristics.TheChinesepeoplewillunswervinglygoalongthisway.

2009isthetoughestyearforChina’seconomicdevelopmentsincethenewmillennium,andinthisyearmanytypesofsocialcontradictionshaveemerged.UnderthesolidleadershipoftheCPC,newprogresseswereachievedinthedevelopmentoftheruleoflaw,whichplayedanimportantroleinensuringeconomicdevelopmentinasmoothandrelativelyfastermannerandinmaintainingsocialharmonyandstability.ConstructionofthesocialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacteristicsmadeadecisivestepforward,andconsiderableaccomplishmentswereachievedinpromotingadministrationaccordingtothelawandinbuildingagovernmentunderruleoflaw;

breakthroughprogressesweremadeinthereforminjudicialsystemandworkmechanisms;

andtremendousachievementsweremadeinpublicizingChina’slegalaccomplishmentsaswellasinlegaleducationandresearch.China’saccomplishmentsindevelopmentoftheruleoflawin2009onceagainprovethatrunningthecountryaccordingtothelawistheinevitablecoursewhichguaranteesprosperityofthenation,harmonyandstabilityofthesocietyandhappinessofthepeople,guaranteesthePartytoexercisepoweroverthecountry,thestateorganstoadministrateaffairsaccordingtothelaw,thejudiciariestoadjudicateimpartially,andguaranteesthemassesofpeopletoenjoytheirrightsaccordingtothelaw.FirmlyupholdingthefundamentalguidelineofrunningthecountryaccordingtothelawwillcertainlyfurtherbringoutexuberantvitalityandboundlessbeautifulprospectsofthegreatcauseofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

I.OntheworkofLawmaking

In2009,theStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress（NPC）deliberated23draftlawsanddecisionsonrelevantlegalissues,passed12laws,twodecisionsonsortingoutlawsandonedecisiononrelevantlegalissue;

theStateCouncilformulated21administrativeregulations;

localpeople’scongresseswithlegislativepowerandtheirstandingcommitteesformulatedover600localregulationswhichwerefiledtotheStateCouncilfortherecord.TheymadeenormouscontributionstoguaranteetheformationofasocialistlegalsystemwithChineseCharacteristicsin2010.

1.FormulationandRevisionofImportantLaws

--TortLiabilityLaw.TheTortLiabilityLawisanimportantcivillawsupportingthesocialistlegalsystemwithChineseCharacteristicsandaffectstheimmediateinterestsofthemassesofpeople.ThisLawwaspassedbytheNPCStandingCommitteeatitstwelfthmeetinginDecember2009.ProceedingfromChina’srealitiesandpractice,thisLawspecifies,supplementsandimprovestherelevantbasicsystemsstipulatedintheGeneralPrinciplesofCivilLaw,andexplicitlyestablishesthatChina’stortliabilitysystemadoptstheprincipleofrecognizingbothfaultandnon-faultliability.Itprovidesthatintheeventofmultipledeathsarisingfromthesametort,compensationofequalamountsmaybedetermined;

thatforactsoftortthatinfringeonpersonalrightsandinterestsandresultinseriousmentalinjury,theinfringedmayseekcompensationformentalinjury.Itcontainsdetailedprovisionsonmedicaldamage,environmentalpollution,productdefects,internettort,trafficaccidents,damagecausedbyanimals,anddefinescorrespondinglegalliabilityaswellasscopeandstandardforcompensation.

--FoodSafetyLaw.Foodsafetydirectlyinvolvespeople’shealthandsafetyoflife.ThisLawwaspassedbytheNPCStandingCommitteeatitsseventhmeetinginFebruary2009.Inlightofthesituationwhereincompletefoodsafetysystemandrelevantsupervisorysystemfromtimetotimeresultedinfoodsafetyaccidents,thisLawemphasizeson,throughexplicitprovisions,establishmentofascientificmanagementsystembasedonfoodsafetyriskassessment,regulationontheprocessoffoodproductionanddistribution,strengtheningofmanufacturers’anddistributors’liability,improvementoffoodsafetysupervisorysystem,andremediesavailablefortheconsumers.InJulyof2009,theStateCouncilformulatedImplementaryProvisionsonFoodSafetyLawaccordingly,whichfurtherspecifiessomeoftheprovisionsintheFoodsafetyLaw,thusmakingrelevantsystemthereofmorepractical.

--AmendmentVIItotheCriminalLaw.ThisAmendmentwaspassedbytheNPCStandingCommitteeatitsseventhmeetinginFebruary2009.Itimprovesthesystemofconvictionandsentencingwithrespecttosuchcrimesasgraftandbribery,disruptionoftheorderofsocialistmarketeconomy,infringementofcitizens’rights,etc.InthisAmendment,provisionsonthecrimeofextortingandacceptingbribesbytakingadvantageoftheinfluenceofastatefunctionarywereadded,thatis,anyofthecloserelativesofastatefunctionaryoranyotherpersoncloselyrelatedtoastatefunctionary,who,throughthatstatefunctionary’sperformanceofdutiesorbytakingadvantageofthatstatefunctionary’spowerofofficeorposition,seeksillegitimatebenefitsforanentrustingperson,orextortsfromtheentrustingpersonoracceptstheentrustingperson’smoneyorproperty,shallbeprosecutedforcriminalliability;

theactofanyemployeeofafinancialinstitutionmakinguseofotherundisclosedinformationthaninsideinformationobtainedbytakingadvantageofhisorherpowerofofficeto,inviolationoftherules,conductstocksorfuturestransactionsrelatedtothatinformation,isacrimeandshallbepursuedforcriminalliability;

theactofselling,orillegallyprovidingorobtainingcitizens’personalinformationbythestaffmembersofcertainentities,ifthecircumstancesareserious,isacrimeandshallbepursuedforcriminalresponsibility.Newcrimessuchasorganizationandleadingofillegalpyramidsaleswerealsoadded.

--LawontheProtectionofOffshoreIslands.TheseaareawhichisclaimedunderChina’sjurisdictionreaches3,000,000Sq.Kilometers,andmorethan6,900offshoreislandsareover500Sq.Kilometers.Chinaisacountrywithextensiveseaareaandmanyoffshoreislands.ThisLawwaspassedbytheNPCStandingCommitteeatitstwelfthmeetinginDecember2009.Inlightofthesituationwhereacceleratedeconomicdevelopmentresultedinseriousdestructionoftheecosystemonoffshoreislands,fastdecreaseinthenumberofoffshoreislandsaswellasillegaloccupationanduseofoffshoreislands,thisLawexplicitlyprescribestheprinciplefortheprotectionofoffshoreisland,i.e.,scientificplanning,prioritizedprotection,rationaldevelopmentandsustainableuse;

clarifiesthatuninhabitedoffshoreislandsbelongtothestate;

regulatesontheoffshoreislandadministrationsystem;

establishestheplanningsystemforoffshoreislandprotectionandthesystemsforecosystemprotection,developmentandutilizationaswellasforprotectionsupervisionandinspection;

setsupaspecialprotectionsystemfortheoffshoreislandsforspecialuse;

andprovidesmorestrictlegalliabilityintheseaspects.

--StatisticsLaw.TheStatisticsLawwasenactedin1983andimportantrevisionsweremadein1996.InDecember2009,theNPCStandingCommitteedeliberatedandadoptedthenewlyreviseddraftStatisticsLawatitstwelfthmeetinginlightofthenewsituationsandnewproblems.Thekeypointsofthisrevisioninclude:

improvingthelegalsystemforindependentinvestigation,reportandsupervisionbystatisticians,aggravatinglegalliabilityforsuchactsasleadingpersonsinterferingwithstatisticalworkwithoutauthorization,statisticalinstitutionsorstatisticiansengaginginfraudanddeception,investigationtargetsprovidinguntruthfulstatisticaldata,etc.,andestablishingstrictreviewandapprovalsystemforcarryingoutstatisticalinvestigationandsystemforprotectingtheinformationofinvestigationtargets.Inordertopreventinterferencewithstatisticalworkbyadministrativemeans,thenewlyrevisedStatisticsLawexplicitlyprovidesthatresponsiblepersonsofthelocalpeople’sgovernmentsatalllevels,statisticsinstitutionsorrelevantdepartmentsofthepeople’sgovernmentsoranyentitiesshallnot,attheirowndiscretion,modifystatisticaldatalegallycollectedandsortedoutbystatisticsinstitutionsandstatisticians.Suchresponsiblepersonsshallnot,byanymeans,requirestati