初中一年级英语上册第一课时课件.docx
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初中一年级英语上册第一课时课件
间接引语和直接引语
一、概述直接引语和间接引语的定义:
①直接引语:
用引号“”一字不差地引出别人的原话→直接引语.
②间接引语:
不用引号,用自己的话把别人的话转述出来.
试判断:
Hesaid,“Iamastudent.”
Hesaidhewasastudent.
二:
直接引语变为间接引语的方法及规律:
总的说来,从直接引语变为间接引语需要的改动有:
①句型的变化;②人称的变化;③时态的变化;④时间状语的变化;⑤指示代词的变化;⑥地点状语的变化.
下面将逐一详解各种变化的规则:
1.句型的变化.
⑴当直接引语是陈述句
当直接引语是陈述句时,改为由that引导的宾语从句.(that在口语中经常被省略)
例1:
“Ilikereadingstories.”saidJohn.
→Johnsaid(that)helikereadingstories.
⑵当直接引语是一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,要用连词whether或if来引导,宾语从句用陈述句语序。
主句中的谓语动词是said时,要改为asked,没有间接宾语时,可以加一个间接宾语如me,him或us等。
例2:
Shesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish?
”
→Sheaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.
例3:
Jacksaid,“DidyouseeWeiFanglastnight?
”
→Jackasked(me)whether/ifIhadseenWeiFangthenightbefore.
⑶当直接引语是特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,宾语从句中要用原来的特殊疑问词接陈述句语序。
例4:
Heaskedme,“Wherehaveyouboughtthepen?
”
→HeaskedmewhereIhadboughtthepen.
例5:
ShesaidtoLiPing,“WhenwillyouflytoHangZhou?
”
→SheaskedLiPingwhenhewouldflytoHangZhou.
⑷当直接引语是选择疑问句
直接引语如果是选择疑问句,变为间接引语时,宾语从句要用if/whether…or…结构。
例6:
Andrewssaid,“Willyougoshoppingorplaybasketballthisafternoon?
”
→Andrewsaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgoshoppingorplaybasketballthisafternoon.
⑸当直接引语是反意疑问句
直接引语如果是反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,宾语从句要用whether…ornot结构,不能用if…ornot结构。
例7:
“Youaredoingyourhomework,aren’tyou?
”shesaidtome.
→SheaskedmewhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.
★★★如何正确使用whether与if:
(√)Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.他不来我不在乎.
(√)Idon’tcarewhetherhecomes.他来不来我不在乎.
(×)Idon’tcarewhetherhedoesn’tcome.
→whether从句不能用于否定.
(√)Idon’tcarewhetherhecomesornot.他来不来我不在乎.
(√)Idon’tcarewhetherornothecomes.他来不来我不在乎.
→一般情况下,句子中有ornot时多用whether,特别是口语中,如果ornot出现在句末,那么只能用whether.
⑹当直接引语是祈使句
转述祈使句时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,如果是带please的祈使句,则用asksb.todosth.结构;如果是表示命令的祈使句,则用tell/ordersb.todosth.结构。
如果祈使句为否定式,则要用ask/tell/ordersb.nottodosth.结构。
例8:
Themothersaidtoherson,“Pleaseclosethedoor.”
→Themotheraskedhersontoclosethedoor.
例9:
Theteachersaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise,boysandgirls.”
→Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoise.
例10:
Hesaidtome,“Bringyourdictionaryhere.”
→Hetoldmetotakemydictionarythere.
★★★直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)加以转述。
例11:
Hesaid,“Let’sgotothefilm.”
→Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm.
或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm.
例12:
"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
"heasked.
→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.
例13:
"Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?
"heasked.
→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.
例14:
"Shallwelistentothemusic?
"heasked.
→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.
⑺当直接引语是感叹句
直接引语是感叹句间接引语为what或how引导,也可以用that引导。
例15:
Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!
"
→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.
或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
2.人称的变化
“一主,二宾,三不变。
只变人称不变数和格。
”
⑴.“一主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化而变化。
例16:
Shesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”
→Shesaid(that)shelikeditverymuch.
⑵.“二宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人称“你”所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称。
例17:
HesaidtoKate,“Howisyoursisternow?
”
→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.
⑶.“三不变”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰,从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
例18:
Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”
→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.
3.时态的变化
如主句的谓语动词为现在时态范畴,间接引语中的时态一般不作变化;但如果主句的谓语动词为过去时态范畴,则间接引语多改用相应的过去时态。
其规律见下表:
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
一般过去时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
现在进行时
过去进行时
一般过去时
过去完成时
一般将来时
过去将来时
例19:
Shesaid."Ihavelostapen."
→Shesaidshehadlostapen.
例20:
Shesaid."Wehopeso."
→Shesaidtheyhopedso.
例21:
Shesaid."Hewillgotoseehisfriend."
→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.
★★★★★
要注意在以下几种情况下。
在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
1直接引语是客观真理。
"Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth."theteachertoldme.
→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.
2直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。
如:
Jacksaid."John,wherewereyougoingwhenImetyouinthestreet?
"
→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet.
3直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
如:
XiaoWangsaid."IwasbornonApril2l,1980."
→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.
4直接引语如果是一般现在时。
表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变间接引语,时态不变。
如:
Hesaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."
→Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning.
5如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:
oughtto,hadbetter,usedto)和已经是过去时的形式时,(例:
could,should,would,might)不再变。
如:
Petersaid."Youhadbettercomehavetoday."
→PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday.
4.时间状语、指示代词、地点或方向状语的变化
时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:
now变为then,yesterday。
变为thedaybefore)
例22:
Theteachersaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”
→Theteachersaidhewouldgiveusanexamthenextday.
用指示代词、地点或方向修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:
this改为that),
例23:
Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."
→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.
例24:
Theboysaid,“Iwillbringmyhomeworktomorrow.”
→Theboysaidthathewouldtakehishomeworkthenextday.
★★★
附状语变化一览表:
在直接引语中在间接引语中
指示代词
thisthesethatthose
表示时间的词
nowtodaythenthatday
thisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etc)
yesterdaythedaybefore
lastweek(month,etc)theweek(month,etc)before
threedays(ayear,etc)agothreedays(ayear.etc)before
tomorrowthenext(following)day
nextweek(month,etc)thenext(following)week
表地点的词
herethere
动词bringtake
comego
五、主要方法:
学生的解题思路可分为:
判断句子类型,以及句子中的各成分.然后对号入座,做相应的改变
如:
◆Johnsaidtome,“Itoldherallaboutitthreedaysago.”
判断→引语部分为陈述句,用that引导,且saidtome改为toldme;
根据人称变化规则,一随主,I应改为he;
根据时态变化规则,一般过去时就改为过去完成时;
根据时间状语变化规则,threedaysago应改为threedaysbefore.
改变:
→Johntoldmethathehadtoldherallaboutitthreedaysbefore.
◆Iaskedher,“DoyoustudyEnglishhere?
”
判断→引语部分为疑问句,用whether或if引导;
根据人称变化规则,二随宾,you应改为she;
根据时态变化规则,一般现在时就改为一般过去时;
根据地点状语变化规则,here应改为there
改变:
→IaskedherifshestudiedEnglishthere.
◆Theteachersaidtohermother,“Pleasegivemethebook.”
判断→引语部分为祈使句,用asksb.todosth.的句型转换;
根据人称变化规则,一随主,me应改为her;
(这个时候不需要时态的改变)
改变:
→Theteacheraskedhermothertogiveherthebook.
【巩固练习】
A
用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空.
1)Ihopeyoucancometomorrow.
2)HeaskedmeIknewZhangHua.
3)I’mafraidthecomputerwillcostyoualotofmoney.
4)Henevertoldushelivedwith.
5)Doyouknowshecameback?
6)Tellmehesaid.
7)I’minterestedinhedidit.
8)Wedon’tknowtheyhaven’tcomeyet.
9)Wewillfindoutdeeptheriveris.
10)IwonderUFOscomefrom.
11)Canyoutellmeanswerisright?
12)Doyouknowbanksheisgoingto?
B
一、将下列直接引语改为间接引语.
1)Hesaid,“IlikeEnglishverymuch.”
2)Shesaid,“Iwillgotheretonight.”
3)Theysaid,“Wearecleaningtheclassroomnow.”
4)Heaskedme,“Haveyoumether?
”
5)Motheraskedme,“Howdidyoufixtheradio.”
6)Heasked,“Whoisverylazy?
”
8)Shesaidtous,“Havearest.”
9)Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”
10)“Don’ttakeoffyourcoat.”Hesaidtohisbrother.
二、选择题
1.Ourteacheraskedus_____ourdictionariestoschool.
A.bringB.broughtC.bringD.tobring
2.Theteachertoldtheboystudents______footballonthegrass.
A.notplayB.nottoplay
C.playedD.playing
3.Bettyaskedhersister____totherailwaystationtoseeheroff.
A.nottocomeB.nottogo
C.tonotcomeD.tonotgo
4.Thepupilaskedhisteacher_____roundtheearth.
A.weatherthemoongoesB.thatthemoonwent
C.whetherthemoongoesD.whetherthemoonwent
5.Doyouknow____?
A.whatishedoingB.whathedoing
C.whatheisdoingD.whatdoeshedonow
6.Mr.Li____WangLing____ataxitotheairport.
A.asked;takeB.asked;taking
C.told;takeD.told;totake
7.Sheaskedhim____.
A.whosedictionarythisisB.whosedictionarythatwas
C.whosedictionaryisthisD.whosedictionarythatis
8.Mary’smotheraskedher_____.
A.thatwhethershehadfinishedherhomework
B.ifshehasfinishedherhomework
C.ifshehadfinishedherhomework
D.thatifshehadfinishedherhomework
9.Heaskedme____.
A.howwouldtheweatherbeliketomorrow
B.whattheweatherwouldbelikethenextday
C.howtheweatherwouldbeliketomorrow
D.whatwouldtheweatherbelikethenextday
10.Idon’tknow____tolearnEnglish.
A.whendidhebeginB.whenhebegan
C.hewhenbeganD.whenhebegins
11.Iwonderhowmuch_____.
A.doeshespendonhiscarB.didhespendonhiscar
C.hespentonhiscarD.hespentinhiscar
12.Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceSpringFestivalpresents.
A.howexcitedtheywereB.howexcitedwerethey
C.howtheywereexcitedD.theywerehowexcited
13.Shetoldmethatshe____byherrelativesatthebusstop.
A.hadbeenseenoffB.haveseenoff
C.havebeenseenoffD.hadseenoff
14.Moreandmorestudentsandteachershavebeguntoknow____.
A.howimportanttheforeignlanguageare
B.howtheforeignlanguageisimportant
C.howimportanttheforeignlanguageis
D.howimportantistheforeignlanguage
15.Thebossaskedhissecretary____hehadfinishedtypingthereport____.
A.if;ornotB.if;not
C.whether;ornotD.whether;not
【参考答案】
A
1.that2.whether/if3.that4.who/whom
5.when6.what7.how8.where
9.how10.where11.which12.which
B
直接引语改为间接引语
1)HesaidthathelikesEnglishverymuch.
2)Shesaidthathewouldgotherethatnight.
3)Theysaidthattheywerecleaningtheclassroomthen.
4)HeaskedmewhetherIhadmether?
5)MotheraskedmeHowIfixedtheradio.
6)Heaskedwhowasverylazy?
8)Sheaskedustohavearest.
9)He