A successful formula used by many speakers for an impromptu speech is the PREP formula.docx
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AsuccessfulformulausedbymanyspeakersforanimpromptuspeechisthePREPformula
AsuccessfulformulausedbymanyspeakersforanimpromptuspeechisthePREPformula
Pstandsformainpoint（第一步先明确观点，你同意还是不同意，支持是否；典型句型有：
Idon'tagreewiththetopic（重复题目）比如2006年清华大学曹峰的即兴演讲就是这样开始的）
Rstandsforthereason（推理自己观点的正确性，环环相扣）
Estandsfortheexample（举例，举例是要求具体实例，不能假如问句，即使有问句，也是修辞的需要；你的例子必须通俗易懂，里面不能有生词，如果有，要解释这个生词，然后再继续你的例子）
Pstandsforrestatingthemainpoint（首尾呼应，重新阐述自己的观点）
Host:
LastFebruary,ChunShu,aChinesewriterinherearlytwenties,appearedonthecoverofTimemagazine.ShewasreferredtobytheU.S.Editoras"...oneofagroupofpost-eightieswritersinChina."WhichalsoincludesGuoJingming,ZhangYueranandHanHamAllthesewritersrecounttheirpersonalfeelingsandexpresstheirindividualityintheirworks,andtheyhavealargegroupofreadersandsupporters.However,thereissomeconcernthatthecynicalattitudetowardslifethattheyexpressmighthaveanegativeeffectonyoungreaders.Doyoualsofearitwillhavesuchnegativeeffects?
Thanks.
Thankyouforyourquestion.Goodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.
Mytopicoftoday'sspeechis"MakeourVoiceHeard."TodayIwouldliketoargueintwopark.First,Iwouldliketoarguewhypeopleareafraidthatliteratureswillsetanegativeeffectonourlives.AndsecondpartIwillsharesomeofmythoughtswithyou.
开宗明义。
演讲人首先明确的告知听众演讲的主题，使用briefintroductionsentencetogetattention。
在临场的匆忙之中仍然想出来一个很好的题目MakeOurVoiceHeard，并且将自己的论述分为两部分，有条不紊，令人感叹。
Whythosepeopleareafraidofthesekindofliterature?
I'mafraidthattheyareafraidofthatteenagersarelikedtoimitateothers.Andteenagerisjustacrucialpointforustoshapeourpersonality,ourviewoflife,andourvalueoftheworld.They'reafraidofthatwefollowthebadexampleandleadabadlifeinthefuture.Andthat'swhymyparents,myfamily,andeventhegovernmentwouldliketoproposewherethoughtthosekindofliteratureascynicalones.
本段讨论人们对此类文学作品表示忧虑的原因：
担心青少年模仿。
思路很清晰。
也正是在正文中coverthemainpoints。
但大概由于临场的因素，出现了一些浯法方面的错误，如：
I'mafraidofthat…，theyareafraidofthat…，虽然不影响理解，仍然是个遗憾。
演讲人将《麦田守望者》与郭敬明的作品相比较，为下文打下铺垫。
用文学名著作为论证的材料，很有说服力。
ButIwouldliketosharesomeofmythoughtswithyou.BeforeIreadthebookofMr.GuoJingming'snovel,IreadanotherfictioncalledtheCatchertheRye.Inthatbook,Ialsoreadsex,violence,murder,andrebellion.ButthatbookwasregardedasoneofthemasterpieceinAmericanhistoryandawardedthePulitzerPrize.IcouldnotseeanydifferencebetweenMr.GuoJingming'snovelandTheCateberintheRye,becausetheyexpressedtheattitudeasourteenagersandadolescentswefeelabouttheworld.
Nowletmegiveyoumythreereasons,whywecanreadthiskindofabookandfamnotafraidoftilefearsofthesideeffect.First,thoseliteraturesarenotallbad.Theyhavesomepositivepoints.Theyadvocatefriendship,love,loyalty,andsoon.Oneofmyroommatesevencriedafterreadingthosebooks,Hesaidthatitisthefirst..,itwasthefirsttimeinhislifethathefeltthatafriendshipwasthatprecious,becausethestoriesdepictedinhisnovel,reflecthimoftheoldtimeshespentinhishighschool.AndheboughtfourbooksofMr.GuoJingming'sNeverFlowersinNeverDream（MengLiHuaLuoZhiDuoShao）andsentthemtohisfriends.Andhisfriendswrotealonglettertohim.Ithinkthisiswhatwelacktoday,thecommunicationbetweenfriends.Buttheliteratureseemstobridgethegap.
本段从三个方面指出此类作品不会产生负面影响的原因。
首先指出第一个作品本身亦有其可取之处。
并以其宦友的亲身经历为例作出了令人信服的论证。
这样就使演讲personalized，sothataudiencecanrelatemoreeasilytopersonaltopics—theyprobablyhavesimilarexperiences．
Andthesecondreasonisthatwearenotlivinginaworldwhereeverythingisdepictedasgood.Wearelivinginaworldofgoodandevil,evilandholy.So,tothatextent,ifIamconfinedinaworldwhereeverythingisdepictedasgood,IwillfeelquiteperplexedwhenIamfacingtherealworld.DoestherealworldreallyresemblewhatIreadinthenovel?
Weneedsomethingpositive,alsoweneedsomethingcynical.
Andthethirdreasonisthatourgeneration,Ibelieve,havethesenseofself-discipline.Wecanmakeourowndecision.Forourparents,forourfamiliesandforthegovernment,theyshouldresume,assumetheresponsibilitytoremindusthatwhatisgood,whatisbad,whatiscynicalMakeourvoicebeheard.ThisismyanswerandIamnotafraidoftilesideeffectsofthoseliterature.
Thankyouverymuch.
本段谈论演讲人的第二个观点：
世界亦非完美无暇，文学就应该反应真实的世界。
最后一点原因：
当代年轻人可以自律。
至此就分别从文学作品、社会、个人三个方面透彻地阐释了演讲人的观点。
也正是通过从不同角度的分析，使听众接受演讲人的观点。
这一段中也出现了较为明显的问题。
Host:
And,thetopicforyourspeechwillbe...InspiteofthefactthatthereiscutthroatcompetitionwithinthefilmindustryinChina,therecontinuestobeasteepincreaseinthenumberofapplicantsforplacesatChineseartinstitutes.AccordingtoaBeiiing-basednewspaper,morethantenthousandapplicantswaitedinlineonasingledaytoregistertoapplyfortheBeijingFilmAcademy.Howdoyouperceivethisstruggleforstardom?
Thankyouforthedifficultquestion.
Well,tobehonestwithyou,I'mnotreallyfamiliarwiththestruggleforstardomthinginChina.ButinthecitywhereIcomefrom,thereisthisalsoascutthroatastheoneinBeijingherecompetitiongoingon,andperhapsIcansharewithyoutheexperiencewehavethere.
Letmetellyousomething.InthecitywhereIcomefrom,thereisthisfamoussingingcompetitiongoingoneveryweek.Andwhattheydoisthatpickthebestone,andthebestonegoestothenextweekanditgoesonandonuntilonedaythatpersoniseliminated.
开场白中difficult的使用充分显示了演讲人的机智。
因为这与普通的接题方式Thankyouforthequestion不同。
演讲者是香港人，虽然她对主持人所问的内地的情况不甚了解，是一大劣势，但她却巧妙的地使用but转而谈到香港的情况；also的使用使演讲的主题不变。
同时听众理解到演讲者要从另外一个角度解释同一个问题。
这种角度的变换使演讲者的劣势变成了优势。
听众既为其率真而打动，又为其智慧而折服。
Andthere'sthislittlefiveyearoldboy,andhehaswonfiveconsecutivechampionships,andthen,ofcourse,therewereinterviewsandthenewscoverage,andeverything.Andwhenthegeneralpublicreadthenewspaper.Theyfrownatit.Theysaid,"whatasillyidea,tothinkaboutbecomingastar."AndwhenAndyLau--I'msureallofyoublowhim,tilefamoussingerandactor--whenhereadthenewspaper,hesaid,"Wow,that'sgreat!
Butasktheboytoworkhard.It'snoteasy."
这里演讲人以演唱比赛为切人点，以小男孩的参舞，点出了香港人对当明星十分热衷。
以此呼应主持人提问。
并且演讲人Supportpointswithspecifics．以典型的例子支持论点。
明星刘德华在内地有很高的知名度，他的勤奋也是众所周知，以他的话为例，让人十分信服。
本段对generalpublic和AndyLau不同态度的对比，可以引起听众的思考。
对比之中必有抑扬，也让听众对下段演讲人过渡到自己的观点有了思想上的准备
Ladiesandgentlemen,Ithinkifweusetheword"struggle",isn'titabittoonegative?
Ithinkbetterwordforitis"strive."Beingastarisalsoprofession.Itisalsoajobthatyouneedtoworkhardat.Successdoesnotcomeeasy.Well,ifwetakealookatfamousactorsandactressessuchaslackieChart,ChowYunFat,AndyLau,TonyLun,theyareallintheirmid-forties,andevenfifties.Yet,whatdotheyhaveincommon?
Whentheyfirstbecame...,whentheyfirststartedtheircareersasastar,orasanactor,theyweredescribedas"CinemaPoison,"meaningnobodywouldseetheirfilms.Butdidtheygiveup?
No,theydidn't,theydidn'tgiveup.Theyhavebeenworkinghardalltheway.Andnowtheyarefamous.Allovertheworld.AlloverAsia.Andaretheyproudofthemselves?
Well,Isupposeso.Butstilltheyworkveryhard.LookatAndyLau.He'sstillstrivingforthebestallthetime.Everyyearareawards.
本段中演讲人明确地提出了自己的观点。
并且在临场仍然明确地区分struggle和strive，显示出演讲人深厚的语言功底。
演讲人接着由例子过渡到谈话主题：
当明星是一种职业，巧妙地把struggle的主题过渡到strive，进而谈到Beingastarisalsoaprofession．把不熟悉的主题struggle过渡到谈明星的成功这个比较熟悉的话题。
这种演讲技巧十分重要，因为在短暂的几十秒钟内谈论一个十分陌生的话题，实在有难度，但是这位演讲者的巧妙过渡，既没有跑题，又谈了熟悉的话题，因此这种技巧值得学习。
同时，本段列举众多内地观众十分熟悉地明星成名经历作为briefexamples，做论据，支持自己的观点，使论据可靠而有力。
这两句话Allovertheworld．AlloverAsia．若能调换顺序，就更加顺畅。
Ladiesandgentlemen,Ithinkthere'snothingwrongifyouwanttobeastar.It'saprofession.It'sajobthateverybodycanworkforitifyoureallywantit.Buttherearequalitiesthatyouneedtopossessifyouwanttobeastar.OfCourseyouhavetobehard-working,likeAndyLau,likeChowYunFat.They'reallveryhard-working.
Andthereisalsosomethingvery,important.Itisyouhavetohaveagenuineinterestinthisfilmindustry.Thisgenuineinterestisveryimportant.Becausealotofpeopleareinterestedinthemoney,insteadofthejob.Theyjustlookatthestatistics,likejustnowIwaswaitinginmyroomandIwasreadingthisnewsarticle,there'sacharttellingthepeoplehowmany...well,howmuchthosestarsinChinaaremaking,l/Veil,ifyouareonlyattractedbythosestatistics,bythefigures,themoney,well,then,Idonotthinkyoucanbeastar.Therearepeoplewhohaveagenuineinterestinbecomingasinger,liketherearepeoplewhohavebeentakingactingclasses,whohavebeenactinginsecondaryschools,incollegelikethat.Theyhaveagenuineinterest.Yet,thengoforit.
本段讨论了成为明星的第三个素质：
感兴趣[genuineInterest]，并且列举了生活中的一些实例[peopleonlyinterestedinmoneyratherthanfilmindustry）来论证自己的观点。
这样在立论的同时也驳斥了为金钱而当明星的错误观点。
有立有废，论证严谨
Ladiesandgentlemen,well,Ithinkthecompetitionisalsogood.Whenthere'sacompetition,wecanensurethequality.Whenthere'snocompetition,well,wehavetohavewhateverisgiventous.Whenthere'scompetition,wecanpickwhatwewant.Isn'tthatsomethinggood?
Ladiesandgentlemen,itiswhatIthinkforthatstruggleforstardom.
Thankyouverymuch.
结论部分是one—sentencereviewofthepointsshepresentedinhertalk．由“为当明星而打拼”引申到一般意义上的竞争，既紧扣主题，又加以升华。
以一个反问句Isn'titsomethinggood?
结尾，进一步强化了演讲人的观点。
这样的结尾达到了shortandtothepoint的效果。
通过Ladiesandgentlemen提示听众演讲接近尾声，重提主持人的问题，以告知听众她一直围绕这个主题展开演讲，给听众一个完整的结尾。
本篇是获得第10届“21世纪·外教社杯”全国英语演讲比赛季军的香港选手张阿旭的即兴演讲。
演讲充分显示了演讲人的
升级会员 