专四语法复习从句篇文档格式.docx
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3Thebasicfeaturesofcommunicationprocessareidentifiedinonequestion:
whosays___throughwhatchanneltowhom
AwhatBhowCwhenDsuch
4AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonders___willhappenonherprivatelife.
AthisBthatCitDwhat
5Theyalwaysgivethevacantseatsto___comefirst.
AwhoeverBwhomeverCwhoDwhom
答案：
ABADA
（三）表语从句
That’swhattheydid./whyIdidn’tcome.
Thequestioniswhetherweshallstayornot.
/howwecangetthere.
/whoheis.
/whomheislookingfor.
Thereasonis（that）heisill.
（四）同位语从句
that—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略
同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。
常见先行词有：
idea,fact,news,hope,belief,thought,doubt,question…以及表示“建议、命令、请求”的词（句中要用虚拟语气）
Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresults.
Therewasthequestionwhereweweretogo.
whatweweretodo.
whenweweretostart.
howwecouldgetthere.
whyweshouldhelpthem.
区别：
同位语从句—解释、说明先行词
定语从句—修饰、限定先行词
1Therearesigns___restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies.
AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhose
2Themerefact____mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.
AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy
答案AC
（五）定语从句
1定语从句引导词起三个作用：
1连接作用
③替代先行词（因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词）
2引导词：
关系代词—that,which,who,whom,as,whose
关系副词—when,where,why→介词+关系代词which
n.短语+从句：
themoment/eachtime/thedistance…+…
that,which:
先行词为事、物，在句中可作主语、宾语；
who,whom：
先行词为人，在句中可作主语、宾语；
whose：
先行词为人、事、物，在句中作定语；
as—先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such
--引导非限定性定语从句，代替整个句子，在从句中作主语或宾语
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichImetherforthefirsttime.
Thatwastheyearwhen/inwhichhewasborn.
Thisistheroomwheretheylivedfortenyears.
that/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.
inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.
Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
①Thisisthecity___________.
AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmost
CImostliketovisitDImostliketovisitit
②Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,____overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
③Thehours____thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithTVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.
AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhich
BAC
3只用that：
①先行词既包括人又包括物
②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词本身为指物不定代词/复合不定代词时
③先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时
④先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰时
⑤先行词为疑问pron.时
Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.
Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.
Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim
Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.
4介词+关系代词
不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.
解题依据：
①介词与关系代词（即先行词）为固定搭配
②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配
1Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.
AtoBforCinDfrom
2Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent____whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.
AfromBtoCforDwith
3Iboughtadozeneggs,____brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthedoor.
AsixeggsBsixeggsofthem
CsixofthemDsixofwhich
4Heintroducedmetohisstudents,___offeredtogowithmeasaguide.
AoneofthemBonestudent
ConeofwhomDoneofwhich
5Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.
AalloftheirhomesBalltheirhomes
CwhoseallhomesDallofwhosehomes
6Thisisthetheory____whichhisexperimentisbased.
AfromBtoConDfor
ABDCDC
（六）状语从句
1时间状语从句
常见引导词：
when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,
assoonas,once,each/everytime…
nosooner…than…
hardly/scarcely…when…
考点：
when—“正在这时…
before/after:
Itisalongtimebefore/after…
since:
Itis/was…since…（完成时）…
until/till①not…until…
②强调句式：
Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句
③not提到句首，句子倒装→
Notuntil+时间状语（从句）+部分倒装的主句
nosooner…than…&
hardly/scarcely…when…
①时态：
主句--过去完成时；
从句--过去时
②否定副词提到句首，句子要部分倒装
1）Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes____I
heardvoices.
AasBwhenCafterDwhile
2）Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill____weallsatdowntorest.
AwhenBthenCthanDuntil
3）Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue___itcomestoclassroomtests.
AwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter
4）Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime____theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.
AbeforeBuntilCsinceDafter
5）Youseethelightning____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.
AtheinstantBforaninstant
ContheinstantDinaninstant
6）Itwasalmost10years___Ihadseenherlasttime.
AbeforeBafterCwhenDsince
BCAAAD
2地点状语从句
where,wherever
Boysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
3原因状语从句
常见引导词：
because,as,for（并列句）,since,that,inthat,nowthat
seeing（that）…;
given（that）…
Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.
Givenherinterestinchildren/
Given（that）sheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.
Seeing（that）hewasbetter,theydidn’tsendforthedoctor.
because着重指直接的原因或理由，其所引导的从句为全句的重心，用以直接回答why的问题，在本组词中语气最强。
既可放在句首，也可放在主句之后。
JustbecauseIdon’tcomplain,youmustn’tsupposethatI’m
satisfied.
Hehadtoaskhisneighborforaridebecausehiscarwasbeingrepaired.
as多用于口语中，使用本词引导的从句时，主句为全句的重心，从句只是附带地指出原因或理由，语气比because和since弱，通常用于句首，如放在主句后，所说明的原因一般是对方知道的。
Ashewasn’treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.
Weremainedathomeasitwasraining.
for着重指附加或推断的理由、根据、解释，连接的是相对独立的并列句，不能用于句首。
Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.
since可放在句首或主句之后，有时与as同义，有让步的含义，着重指双方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由，有时也指产生行动的自然原因，口语中较为少用。
Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.
Sincewe’venomoney,wecan’tbuyit.
4结果状语从句
常见的引导词：
so（并列句）,that,sothat…;
so…that…;
such…that…;
Itwassocoldthattheriverhadfrozen.
ItwassuchaninterestingstorythatIcouldn’tstopreadingit.
5目的状语从句
that,sothat…;
inorderthat…;
lest,forfearthat…;
incase…（虚拟语气）
Mandoesnotlivethathemayeat,buteatsthathemaylive.
Hereismytelephonenumbersothatyoucancallmewhenyouarriveherenexttime.
Theyhadtogetupveryearlyinorderthattheywouldn’tmisstheexpresstrain.
I’llbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.
Hejottedthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
Here’ssomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.
6条件状语从句
if,unless,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,
providing/provided（that）…
suppose/supposing（that）…
Youcan’tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotoschoolbytaxi.
Icanlendyoumydictionaryaslongasyoucankeepitclean.
Pleaseletmeknowincasehecomes.
Shewouldbepreparedtocometotheparty,provided/providingthatshecouldbringherdaughter.
Supposing/Supposeallthedoorswerelocked,howwouldyougetintothehouse
7让步状语从句
though,although,as,evenif/though,while
forallthat...（尽管…）；
whether…or…;
nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever
Evenifitisrainingveryhard,hewouldstillgototakecareoftheyoungtreesintheschoolyard.
Heisagoodcomradeforallthathemayhaveshortcomingsandfaults.
注：
1as引导让步状语从句，须用倒装语序。
倒装情况：
a把从句中作表语的adj./n.提到句首；
若表语为单数可数名词，提前时要省略（即去掉）不定冠词
b把从句中作状语的adv.提到句首
c有时把从句中的谓语动词原形提到句首
Difficultastheworkwas,itwasfinishedontime.
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohissuggestion.
Failashedid,hewouldtryagain.
2though引导让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装；
although引导让步状语从句不能倒装
Verylatethoughitwas,theywentonworking./
Thoughitwasverylate,theywentonworking.
Airexistseverywherealthoughwecan’tseeit.
3nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever引导让步状语从句，从句中有时要用虚拟语气：
may+动词原形或直接用动词原形；
有时还要用倒装语序。
注意词序：
nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+…
nomatterwhat/whatever+n.+…
Howeverrichpeopleare,theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoney.
Nomatterwhatdifficultieswemayhave,wehaveconfidenceinourselves.
Whatevermaycome,wewon’tleavetheworkhalfdone.→
Comewhatmay,wewon’tleavetheworkhalfdone.
Whoeveryoube,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.
4whether…or…引导让步状语从句，常省略whether，且把动词原形be提到句首。
Berichorpoor,heiskindtoeverybody.（Whetherheisrichorpoor）
Befriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.（Whetherheisafriendorafoe,…）
8方式状语从句
as,asif/though（有时用虚拟语气）
WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.
Helooksasifheisill.（Heisreallyill.）
Hetalksasifhewereascholar.（Infact,heisnotascholar.）
Hespeaksasifhehadseenitwithhisowneyes.（Actually,hedidn’t
seeitatall.）
Itlooksasifitmightrain.
9比较状语从句
as/so…as…;
…than…;
Themore…,themore…
the
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