山东省济宁市届高三试题第一次模拟考英语试题word版含答案.docx

山东省济宁市届高三试题第一次模拟考英语试题word版含答案.docx

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山东省济宁市届高三试题第一次模拟考英语试题word版含答案

试卷类型：

A

山东省济宁市2020届高三试题第一次模拟考

英语试题

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Whistler,B.C.

BelovedbytouristsandCanadiansalike,Whistlerincreaseditsinternationalprofileafterthesuccessofthe2010WinterOlympics.Withitscloseproximity（临近）toVancouver—it’sonlytwohoursnorthofthecity—Whistlerofferstheidealwinterplaygroundforallages.Challengeyourselfonitssnow-coveredmountains,enjoysomeretailtherapyinits200shops,orsamplethefinestcuisinein90+restaurantsandbars.

Quebec

Formorethan60years,Quebec’sworldfamousWinterCarnivalhasbeenoneofCanada’smust-visitwinterdestinations.Witheveningparades,snowtubing,skating,snowrafting,outdoorBBQs,icesliding,snowsculpturecompetitionsanddanceparties,there’ssomethingforeverytasteandage.Andbesuretokeepyoureyespeeledforthefete’smainman—BonhommeCarnaval—Quebec’sbelovedsnowmanandCarnivalambassador.

NovaScotia

Youcan’tgetmoreCanadianthanmaplesyrup,andSugarMoonFarminNovaScotiahastastyfuninstoreforyou!

Learnallabouttheartofmaplesyrup—andsampletheyummyresults.SugarMoonFarmofferswarmhospitalityalongwiththeirsugarcamptours,all-daybrunch,maple-tastingexperiencesandhikingtrails.FoodieswillbethrilledtotakepartinSugarMoon’sChefNightswhenthefinestchefscreatedelicatedinnersforahungryandappreciativeaudience.

Saskatchewan

Foratruefrontierexperience,enjoyabreathtakingjourneythroughtheCanadianwildbydogsled.Saskatchewan’sSundogsSledExcursionsletsyouridealongonatripofalifetime.EachwinterfromlateNovembertomid-March,SundogstakesvisitorsdeepintothebeautifulandunspoiledenvironsofAnglinLakebydogsled.Sundogsoffersahostofamazingactivitiesincludingpuppycamps,halforfulldaytrips,andovernightcamping.

1.WhatisWhistler,B.C.knownforworldwide?

A.Thesuccessofthe2010WinterOlympics.

B.ItscloseproximitytoVancouver.

C.Itssnow-coveredmountains.

D.Thefinestcuisineinrestaurantsandbars.

2.Whichissuggestedifonehasasweettooth?

A.Whistler,B.C.B.Saskatchewan.C.NovaScotia.D.Quebec.

3.WhatcanbeexpectedinSaskatchewan?

A.Asnowsculpturecompetition.B.Amaple-tastingexperience.

C.Across-countryhikingtrip.D.Athrillingsnowsledride.

B

Theexpression,“everybody’sdoingit,”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisasocialinfluenceappliedonanindividualinordertogetthatpersontoactorbehaveinasimilarwayasalargergroup.

Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature,andsoitishardlysurprisingthatsomepartoftheirself-respectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinctexplainswhytheapprovalofpeers,orthefearofdisapproval,issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Thisinstinctdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork,ortoanswerasimple“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou?

”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.

Forcertainindividuals,seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomesanaddiction.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtosmoke,ordrinkalcohol,whichmightencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork,orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinanefforttokeepupwiththepeers.

However,peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtoworkharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffsmoking,ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.

Althoughpeerpressureissometimesquiteobvious,itcanalsobesosubtlethatapersonmaynotevennoticethatitisaffectinghisorherbehavior.Forthisreason,whenmakingimportantdecisions,simplygoingwithaninstinctisrisky.Instead,peopleshouldseriouslyconsiderwhytheyfeeldrawntotakingaparticularaction,oritissimplybecauseeveryoneelseisdoingthesamething.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“instinct”inparagraph2probablymean?

A.Anaturaltendency.B.Anacquiredability.

C.Apopularidea.D.Anobviousmistake.

5.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Potentialcausesofpeerpressure.

B.Possiblepositiveeffectsofpeerpressure.

C.Negativeconsequencesofpeerpressure.

D.Tipsforcopingwithpeerpressure.

6.Whatistheauthor’ssuggestionwhenmakingadecision?

A.Simplygowithaninstinct.

B.Askforadvicefromadults.

C.Listentotheinnermotivation.

D.Followinthefootstepsofothers.

7.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetopeerpressure?

A.Objective.B.Ambiguous.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.

C

Theworstoutbreakofdesertlocusts（蝗虫）indecadesispresentlyunderwayintheHornofAfrica.Itisthebiggestofitskindin25yearsforEthiopiaandSomalia–andtheworstKenyahasseenfor70years.

WhatweareseeinginEastAfricatodayisunlikeanythingwe’veseeninaverylongtime.Itsdestructivepotentialisenormous,andit’stakingplaceinaregionwherefarmersneedeverygramoffoodtofeedthemselvesandtheirfamilies.Mostofthecountrieshardesthitarethosewheremillionsofpeoplearealreadyvulnerable（脆弱的）orinserioushumanitarianneed,astheyenduretheimpactofviolence,drought,andfloods.

Wehaveactedquicklytorespondtothisoutbreak.Theprimarymethodofbattlinglocustsistheaerialsprayingofpesticides（杀虫剂）.FAO’s“LocustWatch”serviceexplainsthat“althoughgiantnets,flamethrowers,lasers,andhugevacuumshavebeenproposedinthepast,thesearenotinuseforlocustcontrol.Peopleandbirdsofteneatlocustsbutusuallynotenoughtosignificantlyreducepopulationlevelsoverlargeareas.”

TheUN’sOfficefortheCoordinationofHumanitarianAffairshasreleased$10millionfromitsCentralEmergencyReliefFundtofundahugescale-upinaerialoperationstomanagetheoutbreak.

Butthewindowtocontainthiscrisisisclosingfast.WeonlyhaveuntilthebeginningofMarchtobringthisinfestationundercontrolasthatiswhentherainandplantingseasonbegins.Ifleftunchecked–andwithexpectedadditionalrains–locustnumbersinEastAfricacouldincrease500timesbyJune.

Wemustactnowtoavoidafull-blowncatastrophe.Andwewill.Atthesametime,weneedtopayattentiontoabiggerpicture.ThisisnotthefirsttimetheGreaterHornofAfricahasseenlocustoutbreakapproachthisscale,butthecurrentsituationistheworstindecades.Thisislinkedtoclimatechange.Warmerseasmeanmoretropicalstorms,generatingtheperfectbreedingconditionsforlocusts.

8.Whatisimpliedinparagraph2?

A.PeopleinEastAfricaaresufferingdrought.

B.PeopleinEastAfricaaregoingthroughfloods.

C.Thelocustoutbreakwillcausecropfailure.

D.Thelocustoutbreakisworseninglocals’life.

9.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Weneedabiggerpicturetostudythedisaster.

B.ItisthesecondoutbreakoflocustsinEastAfrica.

C.Itisthelargestoutbreakoflocustseverinhistory.

D.Theoutbreakoflocustsisfueledbyglobalwarming.

10.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toanalyseandcompare.B.Toinformandcallfor.

C.Toargueanddiscuss.D.Tointroduceandassess.

11.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?

A.Aguidebook.B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Anewsreport.D.Achemistrypaper.

D

Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedasystemthatusesmachinelearningtopredictwhenandwherelightningwillstrike.Researchersreportthesystemisabletopredictlightningstrikesupto30minutesbeforetheyhappenwithina30-kilometerarea.

Lightningisastrongburstofelectricityintheatmosphere.Sinceitcarriesanextremelypowerfulelectricalcharge,itcanbedestructiveanddeadly.Europeanresearchershaveestimatedthatbetween6,000and24,000peoplearekilledbylightningworldwideeachyear.Forthisreason,climatescientistshavelongsoughttodevelopmethodstopredictlightning.

Thesystemtestedintheexperimentsusesacombinationofdatafromweatherstationsandmachinelearningmethods.Theresearchersdevelopedapredictionmodelthatwastrainedtorecognizeweatherconditionsthatwerelikelytocauselightning.

Themodelwascreatedwithdatacollectedovera12-yearperiodfrom12Swissweatherstationsincitiesandmountainareas.Thedata,relatedtofourmainsurfaceconditions:

airpressure,airtemperature,relativehumidityandwindspeed,wasplacedintoauniquemachinelearningalgorithm（算法）,whichcomparedittorecordsoflightningstrikes.Researcherssaythealgorithmwasthenabletolearntheconditionsunderwhichlightninghappens.

Theresearcherstest-ranthesystemseveraltimes.Theyfoundthatthesystemmadepredictionsthatprovedcorrectalmost80percentofthetime.“Itcannowbeusedanywhere,”theSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologysaidinastatement.

TheresearchersplantokeepdevelopingthetechnologyinpartnershipwithaEuropeaneffortthataimstocreatealightningprotectionprogram.TheeffortiscalledtheEuropeanLaserLightningRodproject.Scientistsworkingontheprojectareexperimentingwithalasertechnologythatcouldsomedaycontrollightningactivity,transferringlightningchargesfromcloudstotheground.Theyhopethatsuchtechnologycanonedaybeusedasprotectionagainstlightningstrikes.Possibleusescouldbeatstations,airportsorplaceswherelargecrowdsgather.

12.Wh