高考英语名词及主谓一致用解析.docx

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高考英语名词及主谓一致用解析

高考英语——名词和主谓一致

主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况:

1.主语为单数第三人称时,谓语要变单数,即加“S”如:

reads,sits

注意特例:

(1)-s,-ss,-o,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的词要加-es

如:

misses,kisses,does,fixes,brushes,astonishes,scratches

(2)元音字母+y结尾+s;辅音字母+y结尾,要变成辅音字母+ies;

如:

says,sprays,delays,flies,studies,

(3)-fe,-f结尾的词尾要变成-ves

如:

strife(争吵),stuff(填塞),puff(喘气),

名词的变化

(1)名词的数

1)可数名词的复数形式

类别

多数情况规则

少数情况不规则

多数可数名词

加–s,如:

egg-eggsbike-bikes

film-films

test-tests

child-children

ox-oxen;foot–feet;tooth–teeth;mouse-mice;louse-lice;crisis-crises;basis-bases;emphasis----emphases,thesis---theses,analysis—analyses;medium-media;datum-data;phenomenon-phenomena;bacterium—bacteria,criterion-criteria

以s,x,ch,sh结尾的可数名词

加-es,如:

glass-glassesfox-foxes;church-churches;watch-watchesbush-bushes

词尾ch发[k]音时,加-s构成复数名词,如:

stomachs

以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词

变“y”为“i”再加“-es”

如:

baby-babiesability-abilities

以“元音字母+Y”结尾的可数名词加-s,如:

monkey-monkeys

Key-keys;boy-boys

以“o”结尾的可数名词

加-es,如:

hero-heroes

Potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes

1.加-s,如:

auto,photo,memo,kilo,shampoo,radio,zoo,piano….2.加-s或-es,如:

buffalo-buffalo(e)svolcano-volcano(e)scargo-cargo(e)s

以“f”或“fe”结尾的可数名词

变“f”或“fe”为“v”再加“es”,

如:

life-lives;leaf-leaves

1.加-s,如:

serf,chief,gulf,roof,cuff,cliff,proof,safe,belief,relief,cuff…

2.加–s或变“f”或“fe”为“v”加“es”皆可,如:

scarf-scarfs(scarves)handkerchief-handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)

2)既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词

有些名词属兼类名词,作可数名词时表示具体事物,作不可数名词时表抽象概念。

---- Tomrentedasingleroomtoprepareforthecomingexam.(room为可数名词)

汤姆租了一个单人间准备即将到来的考试。

----Youressayiswell–writtenasawhole,yetthereisstillsomeroomforimprovement.(room为不可数名词)

虽然你的文章写得不错,但还有需要改进的余地。

这样的名词有:

experience(可数为“经历”,不可数为“经验”);beauty(可数为“美人”,不可数为“美”);office(可数为“办公室”,不可数为“公职”);success(可数为“成功的人/物”,不可数为“成功”);judgment(可数为“判决”,不可数为“判断”);security(可数为“证券”,不可数为“安全”)等。

3)复合名词复数形式的特殊情况

一般说来,以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:

homework,sunlight;以可数名词结尾的复合名词只将其中的主体名词变为相应的复数,如:

bedrooms,bookshelves,housewives,fathers-in-law。

此外,我们还需留意复合名词复数形式的如下特殊情况:

类别

复数形式

基数词+名词(+形容词)

其中名词一律用单数,如:

aten-year-oldgirl;a200-mile-longroad;afive-foot-highboy

以man,woman,gentleman等为修饰词的复合名词

其中所有名词都用复数,如:

menservants;womenreporters;gentlemendrivers。

但是,要说girl(boy)students,以及Germans,humans,Romans,Normans

少数复合名词:

可数名词+介词(短语)

动词/ed分词+副词

动词-ing形式+副词

名词后加-s,如comrades-in-arms;passers-by词尾加-s,如:

take-offs;go-betweens

动词-ing形式后加-s,如:

comings-in

2.Every/Each+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语

Everymanandwomaninthissocietyneedscare.

Eachboyandeachgirlhereworkshard.

No+(单数名词或单数代词+单数名词或单数代词)+单数谓语

Noteacherorstudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.

Noteacherandnostudentinthisschoolisallowedtodisobeytherules.

2.集合名词作主语的三种情况

a)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用单数形式

furniture,equipment,jewellery,scenery,clothing,bedding,…

(2)有些集合名词作主语,谓语只能用复数形式

people,folk,police,cattle,militia,poultry,mankind…

(3)有些集合名词作主语,看作整体谓语只能用单数形式,看作全体成员,谓语需用复数形式。

team,club,family,class,audience,group,committee,government,cabinet,board,couple,army,jury,party,staff,faculty,personnel,union,public,…

Thegovernmenthasmadeadecisiontoeliminatedrug-abusing.

Thegovernmentarearguingaboutthepassingofanewlaw.

Thefamilyhaslivedherefor50years.

Thefamilyaregoingabroadforaholiday.

4.由bothand连接的两个名词或代词,谓语用复数,但是,由eitheror,neithernor,or,notonlybutalso连接的两个名词或代词,或在Therebe,Herebe的倒装句型中,谓语的单复数取决于临近主语。

Eitheryouorsheisneededtohelppainttheroom.

HaveneitheryounorhebeentoTibet?

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisgoingtoseethisnewfilm.

Thereisaschoolandsomesupermarketsnearby.

5.两个名词或代词由一些词(组)相连接,如aswellas,together/alongwith,

carrying,supportedby,accompaniedby,besides,apartfrom,inadditionto,

but,except,(un)like,nolessthan,otherthan等,谓语需与第一个名/代词取得一致。

Jane,unlikehersisters,doesn’tlikedancing.

Theteacher,inadditiontothestudents,hasseenthisfilm.

Tom,nolessthanTim,isapromisingstudent.

Anoldwoman,supportedbytwoyoungpioneers,iscrossingthestreet.

Theclub,otherthanthechairman,areinfavoroftheplan.

6.表示部分数量的词(组)+of+名词+谓语结构中,谓语的单复数取决于名词:

名词为不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式,谓语用单数;名词为可数名词的复数形式,谓语用复数。

Alloftheworkisdone.

Allofthestudentsarehere.

Thewholeofthebirthdaycakehasbeeneaten.

Thewholeofthemuffinshavebeeneaten.

Noneofthecoffeeisleft.

Noneofthetelephoneswork/works.

Noneofthesegraduatesare/isfromparents’families.

Noneofthemarequalifiedworkers.

7.What引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数,但若表语中出现复数名词,则谓语要用复数,以与表语取得一致。

Whathesaidisright.

Whattheteachersaysanddoeshaseffectonhisstudents.

Whattheteachersaysanddoesdon’tagree(witheachother).

Whatheboughtweretwoballs.

Whattheyneedbadlyarecreativewriters.

WhatIhavesaidanddonehavenothingtodowithyou.

Whatisrealtohimarethedetailsofhislife.

其他名词性从句作主语,用单数谓语

Whetherhewillpassthetestisstillunknown.

Howhesucceededremainsasecret.

WhoaregoingtovisitMr.Smithisundecided.

8.单个动词不定式或动名词作主语,谓语用单数。

Toseeistobelieve/Seeingisbelieving.

Toplaninadvanceisagoodthing.

Forhimtofinishthetaskinhalfanhourisachallenge.

Playingwithfireisadangerousthing.

Heroftencominglateannoyedthedirector.

两个动词不定式或动名词作主语,若指两类事物,谓语用复数;但若指某一事物的两个方面,则谓语应用单数。

TolisteningtomusicandtowatchTVaremyfavoritethings.

Earlytobedandearlytoriseisbeneficialtohealth.

Readingnovelsandsolvingproblemsaretwodifferentthings.

Weepingandcryingdoesnothingtowardssettlingtheproblem.

9.anumber/varietyof+复数名词+复数谓语

thenumber/varietyof+复数名词+单数谓语

Anumberofthestudentsherearefromkeyschools.

Thenumberofthestudentsattendingeveningschoolsisontherise.

Avarietyofnewgoodsareondisplay.

Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatstoreissurprising.

10.用and连接的两个单数名词在意义上指同一个人或事物时,用单数谓语。

Ascientistandpoetisgoingtogiveusalecturetomorrow.

Myneighborandcolleagueiswateringtheflowers.

Thepartnerandmanagerhaswarnedusnottobelazy.

Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.

Whiskyandsodaisalwayshisfavoritedrink.

此外,aknifeandfolk,acollarandtie,aneedleandthread,acupandsaucer,acartandhorse,….也通常被看作整体,谓语用单数。

Aneedleandthreadisneededtomendthecoat.

Anadditionalknifeandforkwasboughtforthedinner.

11.the+一类形容词/分词用来表示类比,谓语用复数

Therich/poor/young/old/aged/injured/wounded/unknown/elderly/sick/ignorant/seeing/blind/living/dead/disabled/…+复数谓语

Aftertheearthquakes,theburiedwererescuedandthelostwerefound.

12.Manya+单数名词+单数谓语

Morethanone+单数名词+单数谓语

Manyapolicemanhasdevotedhislifetotheorderofoursociety.

Morethanonestudentherewasinjuredintheaccidentyesterday.

Thereismorethanoneanswertothisquestion.

Oneandahalf+复数名词+单数谓语

Look!

Oneandahalfbananasisonthefloor.

13.oneof+复数名词+定语从句中的复数谓语(表共性)

the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句中的单数谓语(表个性)

Tomisoneofthetenboysherewholikefootball.(表共性)

Tomisthe(only)oneofthetenboysherewhodislikestennis.(表共性)

14.定语从句中谓语的单复数取决于其先行词

He,whoislazyinstudy,won’tsucceedeasily.

I,whoamyourfriend,willhelpyouwhenyouareintrouble.

15.以-ics结尾的名词作主语,指学科,用单数谓语;若转义指具体活动,则用复数谓语

Mathematics数学,(单数谓语)―――计算能力,(复数谓语)

Politics政治学,(单数谓语)―――政治手腕,(复数谓语)

Economics经济学,(单数谓语)―――经济形势,(复数谓语)

Statistics统计学,(单数谓语)―――统计数字,(复数谓语)

16.由两个一半组成的物体,应用pair来计数,若无pair,则用复数谓语

trousers,pants,jeans,shorts,shoes,sleepers,boots,gloves,glasses,scales,tongs,scissors,socks,stockings,…

Thispairoftrousersisexpensive.

Heretrousersarenewtoday.

Anotherpairofsunglasseswasshownher/tothecustomer.

17.单复同形的名词作主语,其谓语的单复数要根据这些名词在句中的意思而定

始终用复数形式的词:

means,series,species,bellows,headquarters,…

始终用单数形式的词:

sheep,aircraft,deer,shark,fish(同种鱼)…

Thismeansisreallyeffective.(一种手段)

Hismeanshavebeenusedup.(多种手段)

Hermeansaresmall.(经济能力,财富)

18.therest,thefollowing,…其谓语的单复数要根据这些词在句中的意思而定

Athirdoftheworkwasdoneyesterday,andtherestistobefinishedtomorrow.

Athirdofthestudentswereinvitedtothepartyyesterday,andtherestweretoldtoreviewtheirlessonsatschool.

Thefollowingismyanswer.

Thefollowingaremysuggestions.

主谓一致语法练习题

1.Tenpercentoftheworkersinthiscity______nowonstrike.

A.isB.are*C.istobeD.aretobe

2.Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexiblepattern,andoftrainingandretainingschemes______morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

A.allowB.allows*C.allowingD.haveallowed

3.Thesestatistics______manageableunitsformeasuringdistanceswithinthesolarsystem.

A.are*B.isC.haveD.istobe

4.Mathematicsaswellasphysicsalways______mealotofheadaches.

A.hascausedB.arecausingC.causeD.causes*

5.NotonlyyouandIbutPeter,thetopstudentinourgrade,____notabletosolvetheproblem.

A.areB.wereC.is*D.am

6.Plentyoffruits,eggs,andvegetables______neededforhealth.

A.are*B.isC.isbeingD.have

7.NeitherJanenorherbrothers___aconsentformfortomorrow'sfieldtrip.

A.need*B.needsC.isneedingD.hasneed

8.Whatthemansaidundertheoath______byseveralotherwitnesses.

A.wasquestioned*B.werequestioned

C.questionedD.bequestioned

9.Thegovernment______hopingtomaketheirfindingsknownsoon.

A.isB.hasbeenC.are*D.be

10.Todaythere______anumberoftelephonecallsfromtheapplicantsfortheposition.

A.havebeen*B.ishavingC.hasbeenD.aretohave

11.Tolistentofinemusicandtohavestimulatingconversationwithgoodfriends______twopleasuresinlife.

A.isB.are*C.wasD.hasbeen

12.Ofparticulari

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