专四阅读详解 与其诅咒黑暗不如燃起蜡烛Word格式文档下载.docx
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今日练习
Halfadozenradiostationsaboutthefaceoftheglobecrackledsparksofelectricityfromcapitalandintomillionsofhumblehomes;
peacecamethroughtheairandwassimultaneousoverallthefaceoftheearth.ThegreatceremonyonthebattleshipMissouriinTokyoBaywasanticlimax.
Thegreatestfleetintheworldlayamidstthegreatestruinsintheworldunderadarkandcheerlesscoveringofclouds.TheUSSIowawasononesideoftheMissouri,theUSSSouthDakotaontheother.Atatteredflagwiththirty-onestarswashungononeoftheturretsofthebattleship—theflagoftheinfantrepublic,whichCommodorePerrybroughtwithhimtothesamebayalmostahundredyearsbefore.AbovethemainmastflutteredthebattleflagoftheUnionoftoday.ThedeckwascrowdedwiththeAmericantechnicians.TherewereaRussianwitharedbandabouthiscapandaTassnewsreelmanwhoinsistedoncrawlinginamongthemainactorstogethisshots;
therewasaCanadiangeneralwhospoiledhispartandsignedonthewrongline;
therewasacarefullytailoredChinesegeneralfromChungking.
HalfadozenJapanesewerepipedoverthesideoftheMissouri,butforthepurposeofhistoryandineveryman’smemorytherewereonlytwo—thegeneral,Umezu,andthestatesman,Shingemitsu.Umezuwasdressedinparadeuniform,allhisribbonsglistening,andhiseyesblank,butyoucouldseethebrownpockmarksonhischeeksswellingandfallinginemotion.Shingemitsuwasdressedinatallsilkhatandaformalmorningcoatasifhewereattendingaweddingorafuneral.Hehadawoodenleg,andhelimpedalongthedeck;
whenhebegantoclimbtotheverandadeckwherethepeacewastobesigned,heclutchedtheropesandstruggledupwithinfinitepainanddiscomfort.
ShingemitsuandUmezuwerebroughtforward,and,afterafewcarefullychosenwordsbeautifullyspokenbyGeneralMacArthur,theysignedtheirnamestoadocumentmarkinganendtotheJapaneseEmpire.Whentheyhadsigned,thegeneralsandadmiralsofalltheothernationsputtheirsignaturestothedocument,andpeace,ifpeaceitwas,hadcome.
1.Thedocumentwassignedon
[A]theUSSIowa.[B]theUSSSouthDakota.
[C]thebattleshipMissouri.[D]didn’tmention.
2.Inthesecondparagraph,“Atatteredflagwiththirty-onestars”isof
[A]USS.[B]theinfantUSA.
[C]today’sUSA.[D]thegreatestfleet.
3.WhenportrayingUmezuandShingemitsu,theauthorfocusedonallthefollowingEXCEPT
[A]facialexpression.[B]appearance.
[C]motions.[D]inneractivity.
4.Bysaying“andpeace,ifpeaceitwas,hadcome”,theauthorimpliedthat
[A]hevaluedthesignatureceremony.
[B]hewassureofthepeacecoming.
[C]hesuspectedthatthesignaturemeanttherealendofwar.
[D]hebelievedthesignatureceremonywouldbringpeace.
Leftunfettered(无拘无束的),AnthonyKonieczka,9yearsold,wouldhappilythumbawayathisGameBoyAdvanceorPlayStation2fromtheminutehegetsuptothemomenthecrawlsintobed,14bleary-eyed(睡眼惺忪的)hourslater.
Anthony’sbasementisstockedwithtraditionaltoys—boardgames,puzzles,artsupplies—andasfarasheisconcerned,theyarerelicsofChristmasespast.HissisterMichaely,6yearsold,stilllikesdressingherBarbies.ButonceshestartsplayingGameBoyit’shardtogetheraway.
PlaypatternslikethiscouldgrabanotherChristmasforthetoydepartment.ThroughSeptember,toysalesweredown5%comparedwiththefirstninemonthsoflastyear,accordingtotheNDPGroup.Meanwhile,thevideo-gameindustryisheadingforanotherrecordyear.ThankstohotnewgameslikeHalo2fortheXbox,theindustryislight-yearsaheadofthetoybusinesswhenitcomestobuzz.Withdistractionssuchasinstantmessaging,cellphonegamesandiPodsanglingforkids’mindsandallowances,thedigitalrevolutionismakinglifemiserableforthetoyindustry.
Whilesomehard-to-findtoysemergeeveryholidayseason,toymakersareheadingintothisonewithoutamonsterhit.Indeed,therehasnotbeenaFurby-stylefrenzyinyears.Of10toysegmentsonlytwo,artsandcraftsanddolls,havegeneratedsalesgrowthoverarecent12monthperiod.Someoftheweakestcategorieslikeconstructionsetsandactionfiguresaretheonesaimedatboys,whosufferthemostblistersfromthevideogames.AnalystsexpectoneofthetopstockingstuffersthisseasontobenotatraditionaltoybutthenewgenerationofNintendo’sGameBoy,theDS,whichhitstoreslastweek.
Thedeeperissueisthatshiftsinplaypatternsareforcingtoymakerstofightforshelfspaceinatighteningmarket.Boysinparticularseemtobeabandoningtraditionaltoysatearlieragesinfavorofconsumerelectronics,trendyvideogames,PCsoftwareandtheInternet.Thenotionthatkidsaregrowingmoresophisticatedandtech-savvy(懂技术的),atrendcalled“agecompression”,hasbedeviledtoycompaniesforatleastadecade.Actionfigures,forinstance,usedtobeconsideredhealthyforboysuptoage12.Nowtheitemsaremainlymarketedtoboys4to6.ArecentstudyfoundthatnearlyhalfoftheU.Schildrenstartonvideogamesat4to5yearsold—and20%atage3oryounger.
Toycompanies,ofcourse,havelongseenthiscoming.Mattelattemptedtogetintoeducationalsoftwareinthelate1990s,spending$3.6milliontobuytheLearningCompany.Butitturnedouttobeablunderandledtomorethan$400millioninlosses.LateronMattelgotbacktobuildingbasicbrandslikeBarbieandHotWheels.ButBarbie’ssalesslumpmayalsobeavictimofkidsgrowingolderatyoungerages.
Severalofthetoysexpectedtosellwellthisseasonare,infact,thosethatincorporatevideogamingandDVDtechnologies.Mattel’sFisher-PriceintroducedagamesystemcalledInteracTVthisyear,featuringDVDswithcharacterslikeDoratheexplorer.HasbrocameoutwithaportablecolorvideoplayercalledVideoNowandhasbeenputtingclassicgameslikeBattleshipandYahtzeeintohand-heldelectronicformat.
5.Atthebeginningofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat
[A]videogamesaredesignedonlyforboys.
[B]girlsareusuallynotinterestedinvideogames.
[C]bothAnthonyandMichaelyaregoodatplayingPlayStation2.
[D]childrenwouldnotliketostopplayingGameBoyoncetheystart.
6.Welearnfromthepassagethatinthisholidayseason
[A]itishardtofindtraditionaltoysinthemarket.
[B]toymakersareplanningtodesignmonstertoys.
[C]nohittoyswillcomeontothemarket.
[D]Furbywillbecomepopularamongchildren.
7.Thesalesofconstructionsetsaredecreasingbecause
[A]theyarenothealthytoysforchildren.
[B]theyareveryweakandeasilybroken.
[C]theyarehardtofindonshelvesoftoystores.
[D]theyareaimedatboyswhoareeasilyattractedbythevideogames.
8.Whathasbeenbotheringtoymakersforalmosttenyears?
[A]TheInternetaddiction.
[B]Thetrendofagecompression.
[C]Thesalesofactionfigures.
[D]ThenewgenerationofGameBoy.
9.Itispredictedthatinthisseasonthepopulartoyswouldbe
[A]hotnewgameHalo2fortheXbox.
[B]artsandcraftsanddolls.
[C]actionfiguresdesignedforboysagedfrom4to6.
[D]toysthatintegratevideogamingwithDVDtechnologies.
Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromtheSunandotherstars.
Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredinunitscalled“rem”.WeallreceiveradiationhereontheEarthfromtheSun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The“normal”doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabout100millirem;
itvariesaccordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthanthiswithoutbeingdamaged;
thefigureof60remhasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage—apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofchildrenorevengrandchildren.
EarlyspaceprobesshowedthatradiationvariesindifferentpartsofspacearoundtheEarth.Italsovariesintimebecause,whengreatspurtsofgasshootoutoftheSun,theyareaccompaniedbyalotofextraradiation.Someestimatesoftheamountofradiationinspace,basedonvariousmeasurementsandcalculations,areaslowas10remperyear,whileothersareashighas5remperhour!
MissiontotheMoonhavehadtocrosstheVanAllenbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollo8crewaccumulatedatotaldoseofabout200milliremperman.ItwashopedthattherewouldnotbeanylargesolarflaresduringthetimesofApollomoonwalksbecausethewallsofthelunarexcursionmodules(LEMs)werenotthickenoughtoprotectthemeninside,thoughthecommandmodulesdidgivereasonableprotection.Sofar,nodangerousdosesofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheGemini(双子座)orbitsandtheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.Wesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphere,workinginaspacelaboratoryorinabaseontheMoon.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.Atpresent,radiationseemstobethegreatestphysicalhazardtospacetravelers,butitisimpossibletosayjusthows