电机学实验报告.docx
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电机学实验报告
电机学实验报告
电气一班姓名刘宝玉
第一次实验
%输入磁场强度和磁感应强度的基本数据
%磁场强度用Hdata表示
%磁感应强度用Bdata表示
Bdata=[0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1.0,0.95,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.4,0.2,0,-0.2,-0.4,-0.6,-0.7,-0.8,-0.9,-1.0,-0.95,-0.9,-0.8,-0.7,-0.6,-0.4,-0.2,0];
Hdata=[48,52,58,73,85,103,135,193,80,42,2,-18,-29,-40,-45,-48,-52,-58,-73,-85,-103,-135,-193,-80,-42,-2,18,29,40,45,48];
lenBdata=length(Bdata);
lenHdata=length(Hdata);
%绘制磁化曲线
plot(Hdata,Bdata);
holdon;
%绘制x轴坐标线
plot([-200,200],[0,0],'-');
holdon;
%绘制y轴坐标线
plot([0,0],[-1.5,1.5],'-');
girdon
%磁化曲线拟合
clc
clear
%输入磁场强度和磁感应强度的基本数据
%磁场强度使用Hdata表示
%磁感应强度用Bdata表示
Hdata=[1.38,1.40,1.42,1.44,1.46,1.48,1.50,1.52,1.54,1.56,...
1.58,1.60,1.62,1.64,1.66,1.69,1.71,1.74,1.76,1.78,...
1.81,1.84,1.86,1.89,1.91,1.94,1.97,2.00,2.03,2.06,...
2.10,2.13,2.16,2.20,2.24,2.28,2.32,2.36,2.40,2.45,...
2.50,2.55,2.60,2.65,2.70,2.76,2.81,2.87,2.93,2.99,...
3.06,3.13,3.19,3.26,3.33,3.41,3.49,3.57,3.65,3.74,...
3.83,3.92,4.01,4.11,4.22,4.33,4.44,4.56,4.67,4.80,...
4.93,5.07,5.21,5.36,5.52,5.68,5.84,6.00,6.16,6.33,...
6.52,6.72,6.94,7.16,7.38,7.62,7.86,8.10,8.36,8.62,...
8.90,9.20,9.50,9.80,10.1,10.5,10.9,11.3,11.7,12.1,...
12.6,13.1,13.6,14.2,14.8,15.5,16.3,17.1,18.1,19.1,...
20.1,21.2,22.4,23.7,25.0,26.7,28.5,30.4,32.6,35.1,...
37.8,40.7,43.7,46.8,50.0,53.4,56.8,60.4,64.0,67.8];
Bdata=0.4:
0.01:
1.69;
%计算数组长度
len=length(Hdata);
Hmax=Hdata(len);
%ployfit,计算多项式拟合系数n
a=polyfit(Hdata,Bdata,13);
%拟合数据的提取
forn=1:
151
Hfit(n)=Hmax*(n-1)/150;
Bfit(n)=a
(1)*Hfit(n)^13+a
(2)*Hfit(n)^12+a(3)*Hfit(n)^11+a(4)*Hfit(n)^10+a(5)*Hfit(n)^9+a(6)*Hfit(n)^8+a(7)*Hfit(n)^7+...
+a(8)*Hfit(n)^6+a(9)*Hfit(n)^5+a(10)*Hfit(n)^4+a(11)*Hfit(n)^3+a(12)*Hfit(n)^2+a(13)*Hfit(n)+a(14);
end
%绘图
%对原始数据点绘图
plot(Hdata,Bdata,'*');
holdon;
plot(Hfit,Bfit);
hodon;
xlabel('H[A/cm]');
ylabel('B[T]');
第二次实验
%编写他励发电机空载特性分析脚本函数
%将该函数定义为se_ge_no_load(seperate_generator_no_load)
%下面输入电机基本数据:
n1=750;nN=1000;IfN=2.5;
%下面输入750转/分钟时的空载特性试验数据(Ifdata是励磁电流,Eadata是感应电势):
Ifdata=[0,0.4,1.0,1.6,2.0,2.5,2.6,3.0,3.6,4.4];
Eadata=[5,33,78,120,150,176,180,193.5,206,225];
%下面绘制空载特性曲线(原始数据):
plot(Ifdata,Eadata,'*');
holdon
%下面进行三次样条插值:
If=0:
.01:
3.5;%进行励磁电流参数重新设置:
Ean1=spline(Ifdata,Eadata,If);%根据样点数据求If对应的样条插值
%下面进行空载特性曲线重构:
plot(If,Ean1)
%计算额定转速时的空载特性
EanN=Ean1*nN/n1;
plot(If,EanN,'r')
holdon
%计算空载额定电压
If=IfN;
EaN=spline(Ifdata,Eadata,If)*nN/n1
%在励磁电流工作点作一条垂直于电流轴的虚线与空载特性曲线相交,交点对应的电势即电机的额定工作电势
plot([IfN,IfN],[0,300],'-.')
holdon
xlabel('If[A]')
ylabel('Ea[V]')
定义函数:
functiondydt=sh_ge_se_ex_ode(t,iff)
globala1a2a3a4Rf
Lf=22;Rf=22.8;
Ifdata=[0,2,3.2,4.8,5.5,6.5,8.2,11.7];
Eadata=[10,100,150,200,220,244,266,281];
a=polyfit(Ifdata,Eadata,3);
dydt=[1/Lf*(a
(1)*iff^3+a
(2)*iff^2+a(3)*iff^1+a(4))-Rf/Lf*iff];
a1=a
(1);a2=a
(2);a3=a(3);a4=a(4);
[t,iff]=ode23(@sh_ge_se_ex_ode_2,[010],[0])
globala1a2a3a4Rf
subplot(3,1,1);
ea=a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4;
plot(iff,ea);
holdon;
uf=Rf.*iff;
plot(iff,uf,'r');
xlabel('If[A]')
ylabel('Ea\Uf[V]')
%下面绘制if=f(t)曲线
subplot(3,1,2),
plot(t,iff);
xlabel('Time[T]')
ylabel('If[A]')
subplot(3,1,3),
plot(t,(a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4));
xlabel('Time[T]')
ylabel('ea[V]')
iff,a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4;
clear
[t,iff]=ode23(@sh_ge_se_ex_ode_2,[010],[0])
globala1a2a3a4Rf
subplot(3,1,1);
ea=a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4;
plot(iff,ea);
holdon;
uf=Rf.*iff;
plot(iff,uf,'r');
xlabel('If[A]')
ylabel('Ea\Uf[V]')
%下面绘制if=f(t)曲线
subplot(3,1,2),
plot(t,iff);
xlabel('Time[T]')
ylabel('If[A]')
subplot(3,1,3),
plot(t,(a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4));
xlabel('Time[T]')
ylabel('ea[V]')
iff,a1*iff.^3+a2*iff.^2+a3*iff.^1+a4;
第三次实验
%直流发电机调整特性分析
%将该函数定义为dc_ge_set(dc_generator_set)
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%下面输入电机基本数据:
UN=250;IfN=2.5;Rf=293/12;Ra=1.8;k=.1;
%下面输入750转/分钟时的空载特性试验数据(Ifdata是励磁电流,Eadata是感应电势):
Ifdata=[0,0.4,1.0,1.6,2.0,3.0,8.512];
Eadata=[15,43,88,130,150,193.5,290,291];
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
%下面进行空载特性曲线拟合:
p=polyfit(Eadata,Ifdata,3);
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%他励发电机调整特性
I=0:
0.01:
50;
Ea=UN+I*Ra;
If=polyval(p,Ea);%计算对应于拟合曲线的励磁电流
plot(I,If,'r')
holdon
xlabel('I[A]')
ylabel('If[A]')
axis([0,90,0,60])
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%并励发电机调整特性:
Iab=0:
.01:
100;
Eab=UN+Iab*Ra;
Ifb=polyval(p,Eab);
Ib=Iab-Ifb;
plot(Ib,Ifb)
holdon
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
%直流发电机外特性分析
%将该函数定义为dc_ge_load(dc_generator_load)
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%下面输入电机基本数据:
nN=1000;IfN=2.5;Rf=293/12;Ra=1.8;k=.1;E0=271
%下面输入750转/分钟时的空载特性试验数据(Ifdata是励磁电流,Eadata是感应电势):
Ifdata=[0,0.4,1.0,1.6,2.0,3.0,8.512];
Eadata=[15,43,88,130,150,193.5,290,291];
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
%下面进行空载特性曲线拟合:
p=polyfit(Ifdata,Eadata,3);
If=0:
.01:
12;%进行励磁电流参数重新设置:
Ea=polyval(p,If);%计算对应于拟合曲线的感应电势
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------
%计算端电压和负载电流:
U=If*Rf;
Ia=(Ea-U)/Ra;
I=Ia-If;
%计算并励发电机外特性:
plot(I,U,'k')
holdon
axis([0,100,0,300])
%-------------------------------------------------------------------------
%计算串励发电机外特性
UU=2*(Ea-If*(Rf+Ra));
plot(6*If,UU,'b')
holdon
%计算他励发电机外特性
UUU=(E0-If*Ra-If.^2*k);
plot(6*If,UUU,'r')
xlabel('I[A]')
ylabel('U[V]')
%--------------------------------------------------------------------------