高考北京英语一轮复习专题一 细节理解.docx

高考北京英语一轮复习专题一 细节理解.docx

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高考北京英语一轮复习专题一细节理解

专题一　细节理解

挖命题

【考情探究】

考点

内容

五年考频统计

2014北京卷

2015北京卷

2016北京卷

2017北京卷

2018北京卷

细节理解

细节理解题要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念,且能理解某句、某段的意义

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分析解读　　一篇文章确定主题后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行扩展和支撑,因此很多阅读理解题是根据文章的细节设计的。

细节理解题考查考生对文中的某一特定的表层信息的把握,解题时要将关注点落在“理解”二字上,不能仅通过获取关键词解决问题,再简单的题都要建立在“理解细节”的基础上。

纵观近五年的高考题可以看出对细节理解方面的考查所占比例一直维持在50%上下,但考查难度稍有增加,具体表现在:

①考生可能需要在不同段落搜集有效信息;②题干信息或选项信息与原文信息表达方式不一致;③考生有时需要将若干个信息点进行综合理解甚至是浅层地推理判断才能得出答案。

过专题

【五年高考】

A组　自主命题·北京卷题组

Passage1（2018北京,B）词数:

284

FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation（航空）Center

Ifyou􀆳relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter（SAC）istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.

Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey􀆳restudyingintheclassroom.

Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatwaytoearnmeritbadges（荣誉徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模拟）flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（驾驶舱）ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueofa“downed”pilot.

Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.

Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.

Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!

Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat.

1.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?

A.Toexperienceadventures.

B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.

C.Togetadegreeinengineering.

D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.

2.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto　　　. 

A.flytospace

B.getanAviationbadgefirst

C.studytheprinciplesofflight

D.buildandfiremodelrockets

3.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?

A.Leadership.　　　　　　　B.Teamspirit.

C.Taskplanning.　　　　　　　D.Survivalskills.

答案

1.A　

2.D　

3.B　

Passage2（2017北京,B）词数:

184

Inspiringyoungminds!

TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren􀆳spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.

WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWMagazine?

Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside—insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy（哲学）—andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.

What􀆳sinside?

Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake—themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.

Soundstoogoodtobetrue?

Takealookonline—evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.

HappyBirthdayAllYear!

Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?

Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.

SUBSCRIBENOW

□AnnualSubscription

Europe￡55　　　RestofWorld￡65

□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack

IncludesaMammothMap,aPassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscription

Europe￡60　　　RestofWorld￡70

RefundPolicy—thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.

1.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?

A.Itentertainsyoungparents.

B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.

C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions.

D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.

2.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?

A.Onlinecourses.

B.Articlesonnewtopics.

C.Lecturesonabalancedlife.

D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.

3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-monthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?

A.￡55.　　　　　B.￡60.　　　　　C.￡65.　　　　　D.￡70.

4.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget　　　. 

A.freebirthdaypresents

B.fullrefundwithin28days

C.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub

D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson

答案

1.D　

2.B　

3.D　

4.B　

Passage3（2016北京,A）词数:

316

December15,2014

DearAlfred,

Iwanttotellyouhowimportantyourhelpistomylife.

Growingup,IhadpeopletellingmeIwastooslow,though,withanIQof150+at17,I􀆳manythingbutstupid.ThefactwasthatIwasfoundtohaveADHD（注意力缺陷多动障碍）.Anxiousallthetime,Iwasunabletokeepfocusedformorethananhouratatime.

However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed.Inhighschool,Ibecamecuriousaboutthecomputer,andbuiltmyfirstwebsite.Moreover,IcompletedtheseniorcourseofComputerBasics,plusfiverelevantpre-collegecourses.

WhileIwasexploringmycuriosity,mydiseasegotworse.Iwantedtogotocollegeafterhighschool,butcouldn􀆳t.So,IwaskillingmytimeathomeuntilJune2012whenIdiscoveredtheonlinecomputercoursesofyourtrainingcenter.

Sincethen,IhavetakencourseslikeDataScienceandAdvancedMathematics.Currently,I􀆳mlearningyourProbabilitycourse.Ihavehundredsofprinterpaper,coveredinself-writtennotesfromyourvideos.Thishasgivenmeapurpose.

Lastyear,Ispentallmytimelookingforajobwhere,withoutdealingwiththepublic,Icouldworkalone,butstillhaveateamtotalkto.Luckily,Idiscoveredthejob—DataAnalyst—thismonthandhavebeengoingfullsteamahead.IwanttoprovethatIcanteachmyselfarespectfulprofession,withoutgoingtocollege,andbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors.

Thankyou.You􀆳vegivenmehopethatIcanfollowmyheart.Forthefirsttime,IfeelgoodaboutmyselfbecauseI􀆳mdoingsomething,notbecausesomeonetoldmeIwasdoinggood.Ifeelwhole.

Thisiswhyyou􀆳resavingmylife.

Yours,

Tanis

1.Whydidn􀆳tTanisgotocollegeafterhighschool?

A.Shehadlearnedenoughaboutcomputerscience.

B.Shehadmoredifficultykeepingfocused.

C.Shepreferredtakingonlinecourses.

D.Shewastooslowtolearn.

2.Asfortheworkingenvironment,Tanisprefers　　　. 

A.workingbyherself　　　　　　　B.dealingwiththepublic

C.competingagainstothers　　　　　　　D.stayingwithADHDstudents

3.Taniswrotethisletterinorderto　　　. 

A.explainwhyshewasinterestedinthecomputer

B.sharetheideasshehadforherprofession

C.showhowgratefulshewastothecenter

D.describethecoursesshehadtakensofar

答案

1.B　

2.A　

3.C　

Passage4（2015北京,A）词数:

364

TheBoyMadeIt!

OneSunday,Nicholas,ateenager,wentskiingatSugarloafMountaininMaine.Intheearlyafternoon,whenhewasplanningtogohome,afiercesnowstormsweptintothearea.Unabletoseefar,heaccidentallyturnedoffthepath.Beforeheknewit,Nicholaswaslost,allalone!

Hedidn􀆳thavefood,water,aphone,orothersupplies.Hewasgettingcolderbytheminute.

Nicholashadnoideawherehewas.Hetriednottopanic.HethoughtaboutallofthesurvivalshowshehadwatchedonTV.Itwastimetoputthetipshehadlearnedtouse.

Hedecidedtostopskiing.Therewasabetterchanceofsomeonefindinghimifhestayedput.Thefirstthinghedidwastofindshelterfromthefreezingwindandsnow.Ifhedidn􀆳t,hisbodytemperaturewouldgetverylow,whichcouldquicklykillhim.

Usinghisskis,Nicholasbuiltasnowcave.Hegatheredahugemassofsnowanddugoutaholeinthemiddle.Thenhepiledbranchesontopofhimself,likeablanket,tostayaswarmashecould.

Bythatevening,Nicholaswasreallyhungry.Heatesnowanddrankwaterfromanearbystreamsothathisbodywouldn􀆳tlosetoomuchwater.Notknowinghowmuchlongerhecouldlast,Nicholasdidtheonlythinghecould—hehuddled（蜷缩）inhiscaveandslept.

Thenextday,Nicholaswentouttolookforhelp,buthecouldn􀆳tfindanyone.Hefollowedhistracksandreturnedtothesnowcave,becausewithoutshelter,hecoulddiethatnight.OnTuesday,Nicholaswentoutagaintofindhelp.Hehadwalkedforaboutamilewhenavolunteersearcherfoundhim.Aftertwodaysstuckinthesnow,Nicholaswassaved.

NicholasmightnothavesurvivedthissnowstormhaditnotbeenforTV.HehadoftenwatchedGrylls􀆳survivalshowManvs.Wild.That􀆳swherehelearnedthetipsthatsavedhislife.Ineachepisode（一期节目）ofManvs.Wild,Gryllsisabandonedinawildareaandhastofindhiswayout.

WhenGryllsheardaboutNicholas􀆳amazingdeeds,hewassuperimpressedthatNicholashadmadeitsinceheknewbetterthananyonehowhardNicholashadtoworktostayalive.

1.WhathappenedtoNicholasoneSundayafternoon?

A.Hegotlost.　　　　　　　B.Hebrokehisskis.

C.Hehurthiseyes.　　　　　　　D.Hecaughtacold.

2.HowdidNicholaskeephimselfwarm?

A.Hefoundashelter.

B.Helightedsomebranches.

C.Hekeptonskiing.

D.Hebuiltasnowcave.

3.OnTuesday,Nicholas　　　. 

A.returnedtohissheltersafely

B.wassavedbyasearcher

C.gotstuckinthesnow

D.stayedwherehewas

4.NicholasleftGryllsaverydeepimpressionbecausehe　　　. 

A.didtherightthingsinthedangeroussituation

B.watchedGrylls􀆳TVprogramregularly

C.createdsometipsforsurvival

D.wasveryhard-working

答案

1.A　

2.D　

3.B　

4.A　

Passage5（2014北京,A）词数:

308

SeaLifeMelbourneAquarium（