考研英语一真题与答案1110155630.docx
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考研英语一真题与答案1110155630
2007年考研英语
（一）试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）
By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecome
independentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenations
looked2tothefuture.Bominthecrisisoftheoldregimeand
IberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3the
idealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedom
ofcommerceandtrade,the5toprivateproperty,andabeliefin
theindividualasthebasisofsociety.6therewasabeliefthatthe
newnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.
Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,
9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership・Roman
Catholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bythe
Spanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism
13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe
14ofotherfaiths・ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying
15fortheconservativeforces.
Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoften
egalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.Bolivarhadreceivedaidfrom
Haitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareashe
liberated・By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexcept^>1
17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnations
stillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19・Egalitariansentiments
wereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.
1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals
2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully
3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected
4.
[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted
5.
[A]access[B]succession[G]right[D]return
6.
[A]Presumably[B]lncidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally
7.
[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical
&
[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform
9.
[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover
10.
[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by
11.
[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded
12.
[A]Since[B]lf[C]Unless[D]While
13.
[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against
14.
[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence
15.
[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[D]wish
16.
[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised
17.
[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[D]original
18.
[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[D]tougher
19.
[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[D]preferred
20.[A]puzzledby,[B]hostileto
[C]pessimisticabout,[D]unpreparedfor
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）
Text1
Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthcertificatesofeverysoccerplayerin
20061sWorldCuptxinarn®youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthy
quirk:
elitesoccerplayersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatermonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevenmorepronounced・
Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?
Hereareafew
guesses:
a）certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccersk川s;
b）winter-bornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,which
increasessoccerstamina;c）soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccermania;d）noneoftheabove.
AndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaState
University,sayshebelievesstronglyin—ix）neoftheabove.EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology・Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:
trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesof
numbers.—Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining，hisdigit
spanhadrisenfrom1to20,Ericssonrecalls・—Hekeptimproving,aafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.
Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconeludethattheactof
memorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestonlemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleachperson—encodesth||einformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask・Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpert
performersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformaneestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers・Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:
thetraitwe
commonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated・Or,putanotherway,expertperformers一whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming一arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.
21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentioned
to
[A]stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
[B]spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.
[C]introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
[D]explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
22.Theword—mania||（Line4,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans
[A]fun.
[B]craze.
[C]hysteria.
[D]excitement.
23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory
[A]dependsonmeaningfulprocess!
ngofinformation.
[B]resultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[C]isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors・
[D]requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[A]talentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalsuccess.
[B]biographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformanee.
[C]theroleoftalenttendstobeoverlooked.
[D]highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetext
triestoconvey?
[A]—Faithwillmovemountains.
II
[B]—Onereapswhatonesows.
II
[C]—Practicemakesperfect.
II
[D]—Likefather,likeson.
II
Text2
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParade
hasfeaturedacolumncalled
—AskMarilyn.11Peopleareinvitedtoquery
MarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelof
someoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228一thehighest
scoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisual
analogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andto
deducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.Soitisabit
confusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe
（whoseIQis100）as,What
'sthediffereneebetweenloveandfondness?
Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidenee?
It
'snotobvioushowth
capacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsone
toanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsand
philosophers.
Clearly,intelligeneeencompassesmorethanascoreonatest.Just
whatdoesitmeantobesmart?
Howmuchofintelligencecanbe
specified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,
coniputerscieneeandotherfields?
ThedefiningtermofintelligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQ
score,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.The
testcomesprimarilyintwoforms:
theStanford-BinetIntelligenceScale
andtheWechslerIntelligeneeScales（bothcomeinadultandchildrenversion）.Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant's
arenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest（SAT）andthe
GraduateRecordExam（GRE）,capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.
Sternbergno
Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle—HowIntelligentIsIntelligenceTesting?
traditionaltestbestassessanalyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestsdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership-thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingsk川alsomatters,whetherit'sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoskip・
26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[A]Answeringphilosophicalquestions.
[B]Foldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.
[D]Choosingwordsorgraphs
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