英语四级真题 答案Word文件下载.docx

英语四级真题 答案Word文件下载.docx

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　　Thekeytointegrityisconsistency-notonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself（honesty,responsibility,respectforothers,fairness）butalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical（道德上的）standardsevenwhenmakinglife'

shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,ortemptation.

　　Whathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?

Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse（缺失）ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?

Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.

　　RiskyBusiness

　　Weareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.

　　Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'

tseetheriskswe'

retaking,wecan'

tmakeresponsiblechoices.Toidentifyrisks,weneedtoknowtherulesandbeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'

tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism（剽窃）mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolationis"

unintentional"

doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnotadefense.

　　"

ButEverybodyDoesIt"

　　Mostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'

retakingbyusingexcuses:

"

Everyoneelsedoesit."

I'

mnothurtinganyone"

or"

Ireallyneedthisgrade."

Excusescangetveryelaborate:

IknowI'

mlookatanother'

sexam,eventhoughI'

msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'

snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."

Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'

renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'

tseetherealchoicewe'

remaking-andthatleadstobaddecisions.

Toavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:

Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'

dratherhideyouractions,that'

sanindicationthatyou'

retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.

EvaluatingRisks

Todecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'

tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"

O"

onatestorassignment,an"

F"

intheclass,suspension（暂令停学）ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable（脆弱的）position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'

tmanythingsthatfallinthiscategory.

GettingAwaywithit-OrNot

Thosewhodon'

tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'

tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives（剥夺）himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:

thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.

Worstofall,acheaterwhodoesn'

tgetcaughtthefirsttimeusuallycheatsagain,notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"

easier."

Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.

CheatingHurtsOther,Too

Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"

don'

tcount"

anddon'

treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative（累积的）effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30％ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'

grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"

poisons"

theclassroom,andothersmayfeelpressuredtojoinin.（"

IfIdon'

tcheatIcan'

tcompetewiththosewhodo"

）Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."

mnotinterestedinwhatyou'

retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."

Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.

WhyIntegrityMarten

Ifcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'

tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaplane,gotothedentist--thelistisendless.Therearemanyexamplesofthevastharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'

seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.

Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.

1.Apersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutalso_______.（A）

A）stickstothemintheirdailylife

B）makesthemknowntoothers

C）understandstheirtruevalues

D）seesthatothersalsofollowthem

2.Whatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalrelationships?

（C）

A）Ithelpstocreateteamspirit

B）Itfacilitatescommunication

C）Itisthebasisofmutualtrust

D）Itinspiresmutualrespect

3.whymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtotake？

（A）

A.Toensurewemakeresponsiblechoices.

B.Toavoidbeingoverwhelmedbystress.

C.sothatwedon’tbreakanyrules.

D.sothatwedon’trunintotrouble.

4.Violationofaruleismisconductevenif_______?

（B）

A.ithascausednoharm.

B.itisclaimedtobeunintentional.

C.ithasgoneunnoticed.

D.itiscommittedwithgoodintentions.

5.Whatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?

（A）

A.Avoidmakingexcuses.

B.Listentootherpeople’sadvice.

C.Makehisintensionspublic.

D.Haveotherswatchoverhisshoulder.

6.Thosewhotakeriskstheyregretlateron_______.（C）

A.willoftenbecomemorecautious

B.areusuallyveryaggressive

C.valueimmediatebenefitsmost.

D.mayloseeverythingintheend

7.Accordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaywill_______.（A）

A）paymoredearly

B）becomemoreconfident

C）bewidelyadmired

D）feelsomewhatlucky

8.Cheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowtostealingagrade

9.Integritymattersinthatallsocialactivitiesrelyonpeople’shonestyandgoodfaith.

10.ManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.

PartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Withtheworld'

spopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure（基础设施）andjobs.Underlingallthis47willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.

　　Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina48.sustainablewayisthecornerstone（基石）ofournation'

senergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajo