APA正文格式样例Word文件下载.doc

APA正文格式样例Word文件下载.doc

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所有标题左对齐。

正文中所有标题中只有第一个词的首字母，冒号和破折号后第一个词的首字母，及专有名词必须大写，其余小写

全部正文内容使用word1.5倍行距，12号TimesNewRoman从引言那页开始标页码，页码居中对齐。

Sincecultureplayssoimportantaroleininterculturalcommunication,theculturalfactorsindifferentlanguageshavebeenattractingmoreandmoreattentionoflinguisticscholars.Inordertomakeinterculturalcommunicationmoresuccessful,manyscholarshavebecomeinterestedinthestudyofculturalsimilaritiesanddifferencesencodedindifferentlanguages.Thestudyofculturalfactorsindifferentlanguagesisofsignificanceininterculturalcommunicationaswellasotherdisciplinessuchaslinguistics,languageacquisition,etc.

ThispaperwillexpoundtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishidiomsandexploretheroleofcultureplaysinunderstandingofidioms.

2.Thecultural正文中的一级标题用14号timesNewRoman加粗，上空两行下空一行,即段前两行，段后一行。

MLA格式中，每个标题里每个实义词首字母大写

backgroundsinidioms

Idiomsasaspecialformoflanguagecarryalargeamountofculturalinformation.Theyaretheheritageofhistoryandtheproductofculturalevolvement.Generallyspeaking,Idioms二级标题及以下标题使用12号timesNewRoman加粗，段前一行，然后回车正常行距书写正文。

comefromsociety,cultureandhistory;

theyareincludedineverythingandrelatedtosociety’slifeandplayanimportantroleinculture.

2.1Thedefinitionofculture

正文不出现作者姓，则在括号中，作者姓，年份，p.页数

Cultureisalargeandextremelycomplexconcept.Someforeignscholarsestimatethatnolessthan200definitionsfor“culture”havealreadybeencitedintheacademicfield,someofwhichareconcernedwiththematerialproductsofthepeople;

othersdealwiththosespiritualaspectssharedbypeoplelivingincertaincommunities;

stillothersfocusbothonbeliefsandpracticesofasociety.Hedefines,“cultureisthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,customandanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety”（Luo,2005,p.27）.

正文出现作者姓，括号中写（年份，p.页码）或（年份，pp.起止页码）

ChinesescholarKe（2000,pp.142-143）statesinhisarticleCulturalPesuppositionsandMisreading“thatmostanthropologistsagreeonthefollowingfeaturesofculture:

1）Cultureissociallyacquiredinsteadofbiologicallytransmitted.2）Cultureissharedamongthemembersofacommunityinsteadofbeinguniquetoanindividual.3）Cultureissymbolic.Symbolizingmeansassigningtoentitiesandeventsmeaningswhichareexternaltothemandnotabletobegraspedbythemselvesalone.Languageisthemosttypicalsymbolicsystemwithinculture;

4）Cultureisintegrated.Eachaspectofcultureistiedinwiththeotheraspects”.

2.2Thedefinitionofidiom

Idiomsarethecrystallizationoflanguage.Withoutidioms,ourlanguagewouldbecomedullanddry,whereasanappropriateuseoftheminourspeechandwritingwilladdtothestrengthandvividnessofourlanguage.以后内容已省略.......

ThedefinitionofidiominTheOxfordEnglishDictionaryisthatidiomisaformofexpression,grammaticalconstruction,phrase,etc,peculiartoalanguage;

apeculiarityofphraseologyapprovedbytheusageofalanguage,andoftenhavingasignificationotherthanitsgrammaticalorlogicalone（2004,p.873）.

ThesedefinitionsindicatethatsomeEnglishidiomsarecomposedofseveralwords（fromtwowordstomanywords）andsomeareevenmadeofacompletesentence.Therefore,Englishidioms,inabroadsense,mayincludeidiomaticphrases,proverbialsayings,andsomeslangexpressions（Yu&

Guo,1999,p.170）.括号中两个作者中间加&

2.3Therelationshipbetweenidiomandculture

Languageiscloselyrelatedtocultureandcanbesaidasapartofculture.Fromadynamicview,languageandcultureinteractwitheachotherandshapeeachother.Languageisthecarrierofculture,whichinturnisthecontentoflanguage.

Idiomshavetheirownculturalintention.Learningidiomswithoutconsideringtheculturalfactorswillbefutileandevenmisunderstanding,sincewecannotgettheexactinformationitconveys.以后内容已省略.......

间接引用格式如下：

Oneresearcher（Grayson,ascitedinMurzynski&

Degelman,1996,p.135）identifiedfourcomponentsofbodylanguagethatwererelatedtojudgmentsofvulnerability.

在找不到作者原书无法进行直接引用时，可间接引用。

如Grayson的原书找不到，但是Murzynski&

Degelman在他们书中引用过，则可以在括号中标出（原作者，ascitedin后再写引用过原作者话的作者名字（即Murzynski&

Degelman），年份，p.页码）即可，在文章最后的参考文献中要写你能找到书的学者名字，即Murzynski&

Degelman。

一级标题（如3.）和二级标题（如3.1）后可以是一段内容，但至少三行。

三级标题（如3.1.1）后至少两段内容。

每级标题之间必须有内容

3.TheculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseidioms

Asanessentialpartofthelanguageandculture,idiomsarecharacterizedbytheirconciseexpressions,richandvivid,involvinggeography,history,religiousbelief,livingconventionsandsoon.

3.1Fromlivingsurroundings

Cultureisacomplicatedsystemofknowledge,beliefsandcustoms,etc.However,naturalenvironmentincludinggeographicalposition,climate,andecologicalconditionissomethingthatplaysacontributoryroleintheformationofaculture.Idiomsmaintainclosetieswithpeople’slivingsurroundingsandtheculturewheretheyarecreated.

3.1.1Geographicalenvironment

Idiomsarecloselyrelatedtopeople’slaborandlife,peopleinparticularcultureneedwordstonameandexplainobjectsintheirculture（Zhang,1997,p.45）.Britainisanislandcountry.Itsnavigationwasintheleadinhistory（Zhang,1999,p.67）.

按APA规范，同一作者的不同文献可用出版年份来区别，如：

Ontheotherhand,ChinesepeopleliveintheAsiancontinent.Mostpeoplecan’tleadtheirliveswithoutland.以后内容已省略.........

3.1.2Climate

Climateisanotherfactorinthelivingsurrounding.InBritain,“eastwind”comesfromthenorthernpartoftheEuropeancontinent.Itsymbolizes“chilly”and“unpleasant”.SoEnglishmenhateit.However,Englishmenlike“westwind”.ItbringsspringtoBritain.ThewestwindblowsfromtheAtlanticOceanaswarmasChineseeastwindandbringsvoluminousraintothisarea.

Inaword,differentlivingsurroundingsmayproducedifferentidiomsanddifferentcultures.

APA格式中3到5个作者的作品，引用格式如下：

第一次引用：

Accordingtoeducationalpsychologists,raisingchildrenisaresponsibilityoftheentirecommunity（Franklin,Childs,&

Smith,1995）.

以后的引用，不用每个姓都写，只第一个就可

Tobesuccessful,“communitiesmustbewillingtotakethisresponsibility”（Franklinetal.,1995,p.135）.

3.2Fromreligiousbelief后几段已省略。

本页只为说明论文的结构，故省略了其中很多段落。

Asaculturalphenomenon,religiousbeliefsproduceanimpactonpeople’slifeandmind.Differentreligiousbeliefshavedifferentreflectionsindifferentidioms.

MostofwesternersareChristians,whobelievethattheworldiscreatedbyGod.TheythinkthatGodisomnipotentandsacred.以后内容已省略.......AndmanyphrasesandstoriesintheHolyBiblehavealsofunctionalasimportantsourcesofEnglishidioms.

e.g:

（1）Astheysow,sotheyreap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆.（Galatians6）

PaulwroteinhislettertoGalatiansthat,“Donotbedeceived:

Godcannotbemocked.Amanreapswhathesows.”

（2）Judas’skiss.犹大之吻（Matthew26）

Judas,oneoftheTwelve,agreestobetrayJesusthatthechiefPriestscountedoutforhimonlythirtysilvercoins.

（3）thesaltoftheearth社会中坚（Matthew5）

ThisidiomcomesfromtheBible.以后内容已省略.......

3.3Fromcustom

Everynationhasitsowncustoms.Onenation’scustomisformedthroughalonghistoryandfirmlyrootedinpeople’smind.CustomdifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseareinmanyaspects.Duetothat,alotofidiomsturnoutwithvarieddress.

AmongEnglishidioms,weoftencomparepeople’sactiontothefigureofdogsuchas“youarealuckydog”（你是一个幸运儿）,“everydoghashisday”（凡人皆有得意日）,“loveme,lovemydog”（爱屋及乌）,“Agooddogdeservesagoodbone.”（有功者受赏）andsoon.Contrarytothis,thedogisakindofpettyandlowanimalinChinese.

3.4Fromvalueorientation

Frompeople’sworkingandlivingexperienceofonecountry,differentvalueshavebeenabstracted,accumulatedandhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Becauseofdifferentexperiencebetweencountries,valuesoriginatefromitalsoturnsouttobelargelyvariedandeventotallyopposite,whichidiomsarebuilton,thereforealsodiffergreatly.Takepraiseforexample.Praiseisameanstogetaharmoniousinterpersonalship,andfrequentlyusedincommunication.

3.4.1Modesty

Britainasadevelopedcapitalistcountryiscoveredwithfiercesocialcompetitionsothatpeopleinthereemphasizeindividualbehaviors,achievement,andvalue.TheirvalueorientationsappeartobeincontrastwithChineseinthisaspect.

Onthecontrary,Chinesepeopleoftenmakeself-negationtoshowmodesty.The