Advanced Writing重庆交通大学英语.docx

Advanced Writing重庆交通大学英语.docx

《Advanced Writing重庆交通大学英语.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Advanced Writing重庆交通大学英语.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

AdvancedWriting重庆交通大学英语

AdvancedWriting

UnitOneSimpleSentence

Subject+IntransitiveVerb不及物动词

Subject+LinkVerb+Predicative主语+系动词+表语

Subject+TransitiveVerb+DirectObject主语+及物动词+直接宾语

Subject+TransitiveVerb+IndirectObject+DirectObject主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

Subject+TransitiveVerb+DirectObject+ObjectCompliment主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语恭维

Unit2CompoundSentenceandComplexSentence

CompoundSentence

1.1WithCoordinatingConjunctions用并列连词

Forandbutnoryetso

1.2WithConjunctiveAdverbs连接副词

inadditiontherefore,asaresult,;accordingly,;forexample,,because;nevertheless,

1.3UsingSemicolonsandColons使用分号和冒号

A句;B句A句:

B句

ComplexSentence

2.1TheNounClause名从

2.1.1SubjectClause主从

2.1.2ObjectClause宾从

2.1.3ThePredicativeClause表从

2.1.4TheAppositiveClause同丛

2.2RelativeClause

2.3AdverbialClause状从

2.3.1AdverbialClauseoftime时间状从

2.3.2.AdverbialClauseofPlace地点状从

2.3.3AdverbialClauseofManner方式状从

2.3.4AdverbialClauseofCause原因状从

2.3.5AdverbialClauseofPurpose目的状从

2.3.6AdverbialClauseofResult结果状从

2.3.7AdverbialClauseofCondition条件状从

2.3.8AdverbialClauseofConcession让步状从

2.3.9AdverbialClauseofComparison比较状从

Compound-ComplexSentence

Unit3ParallelStructure

Unit4CommonSentenceProblems

1.SentenceFragments

Fragmentswithoutverbs

Fragmentswithoutsubjects

Fragmentswithoutbothsubjectsandverbs.

Fragmentsofdependentclause

2.Run-onsentence

Fusedsentence（融合句）改的方法；Commasplice（逗号连接）：

Addaperiod；Addasemicolon；Addasemicolonplusaconjunctiveadverb；Addacoordinatingconjunction；Addasubordinatingconjunction,relativepronounorarelativeadverb

Theboysscoredhigherinmaththegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

改：

Theboysscoredhigherinmath.Thegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

Theboysscoredhigherinmath;thegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

Theboysscoredhigherinmath;however,thegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

Theboysscoredhigherinmathand/butthegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

Theboysscoredhigherinmath,whilethegirlsscoredhigherinverbalskills.

Educationisanelusiveworditoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

改：

Educationisanelusiveword.Itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

Educationisanelusiveword;itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

Educationisanelusiveword;indeed,itoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

Educationisanelusiveword,foritoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

Educationisanelusivewordbecauseitoftenmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.

Gettingmarriediseasy,stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

改：

Gettingmarriediseasy.Stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

Gettingmarriediseasy;stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

Gettingmarriediseasy;nevertheless,stayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

Gettingmarriediseasy,butstayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

Gettingmarriediseasyalthoughstayingmarriedisadifferentmatter.

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity,therearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

改：

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity.Therearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity;therearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity;forexample,therearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity,andtherearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

SanFranciscoisaverycosmopolitancity,wheretherearepeoplefrommanyculturesandethnicgroupslivingthere.

3.Misplacedmodifiers错误修饰

3.1Misplaceprepositionalphrases

（1）TheAlpsattractclimberswithsheerstonefaces.

改：

TheAlpswithsheerstonefacesattractclimbers.

（2）ShelaughedasJohnragedwithdelight.

改：

ShelaughedwithdelightasJohnraged.

3.2Misplacedadverbialmodifiers

（1）Thehorsehewasbrushingconscientiouslybithim.

改：

Thehorsehewasconscientiouslybrushingbithim.

（2）Thefishdadcaughtjoyouslyexpiredonthedesk.

改：

Thefishdadjoyouslycaughtexpiredonthedesk.

（1）Heonlysuggestedthreerulesforustofollow.

改：

（1）Hesuggestedonlythreerulesforustofollow.

（2）Inearlydranktwoquartsduringtheafternoon.

改：

Idranknearlytwoquartsduringtheafternoon.

（1）Glenda,withaKleenexineachhand,treatedtherunnynoses.

改：

WithaKleenexineachhand,Glendatreatedtherunnynoses.

（2）InFranceshehasbeenonmorethanoneoccasionhonored.

改：

InFranceshehasbeenhonoredonmorethanoneoccasion.

（1）Hereturnedthelawn-mowertoaneighborthatwasbroken.

改：

Hereturnedthelawn-mowerthatwasbrokentoaneighbor.

（2）Thefiremanrescuedmykittenwhohadredsuspenders.

Revisedsentences:

改：

Thefiremanwhohadredsuspendersrescuedmykitten.

4.1Danglingmodifiers悬垂修饰语（考试）

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：

Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中”attheageoften”只点出十岁时,但没有说明”谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了．改为：

WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.

例1．Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：

句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚．改为：

Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.

（1）Flattenedbytheimpact,Janesurveyedherwreckedbike.

改：

Janesurveyedherwreckedbike,whichwasflattenedbytheimpact,.

（2）Lookingupatthesky,thesunwentunderacloud.

改：

Lookingupatthesky,hesawthesungounderacloud.

（3）Atracksuitmustbewornrunninginthestadium.

改：

Atracksuitmustbewornwhenyouarerunninginthestadium.

4.2Danglinggerunds悬挂动名词

Afterhikingallday,themountainseemednonearer.

改：

Afterwehikedallday,themountainseemednonearer.

（2）Byinstallingabirdbath,thebirdsweregivenasourceofwater.

改：

Byinstallingabirdbath,wegavethebirdsasourceofwater.

（3）Thebeansseemedquitetenderbeforestartingtoseasonthem.

Revisedsentences:

改：

Thebeansseemedquitetenderbeforewestartedtoseasonthem.

4.3Danglinginfinitive垂悬不定式

（1）Tobewell-informed,readingwidelyisnecessary.

改：

Ifyouwanttobewell-informed,readingwidelyisnecessary.

（2）Tosucceedinbusiness,aresponsiblejobmustbeheld.

改：

Tosucceedinbusiness,onemustholdaresponsiblejob.

（3）Asteadyhandisneededtopaintlandscapes.

改：

Weneedasteadyhandtopaintlandscapes.

4.4danglingellipticalclauses垂悬省略句

（1）Whileabsorbedinreading,someoneknockedatthedoor.

改：

Whileabsorbedinreading,heheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.

（2）Whenonlyasmallboy,myfathertookmewithhimtoChicago.

改：

WhenIwasonlyasmallboy,myfathertookmewithhimtoChicago.

Unit5ParagraphStructure

Aparagraphconsistsofthreeparts:

（1）topicsentence

（2）supportingsentence

（3）concludingsentence

Example1

（1）Gold,apreciousmetal,isprizedfortwoimportantcharacteristics.

（2）Firstofall,goldhasalustrousbeautythatisresistanttocorrosion.（3）Therefore,itissuitableforjewelry,coins,andornamentalpurposes.（4）Goldneverneedstobepolishedandwillremainbeautifulforever.（5）Forexample,aMacedoniancoinremainsasuntarnishedtodayasthedayitwasmintedtwenty-threecenturiesago.（6）Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.（7）Formanyyears,ithasbeenusedinhundredsofindustrialapplications.（8）Themostrecentuseofgoldisinastronauts’suits.（9）Astronautsweargold-platedheatshieldsforprotectionoutsidethespaceship.（10）Inconclusion,goldistreasurednotonlyforitsbeautybutalsoforitsutility.

1.TopicSentence

1.1Topicsandcontrollingideas

Itconsistsofthetopicandthecontrollingideas.

Example1

Topic:

School

Teachers,students,majorsordepartments,facilitiesarecontrollingideas.

Thetopiccanbetalkedaboutinthefollowingforparts:

（1）Teachersatmyschoolmusthaveseveralkindsofqualificationsinordertoteachthere.

（2）Thestudentsatmyschoolcomefrommanydifferentbackgrounds.

（3）Myschooloffersmanydifferentmajor,includingsomeunusualonesforatwo-yearschool.

（4）Someofthebuildingsatmyschoolarequitenewandmodern.

1.2Positionoftopicsentence

Changesinthepricesofgoodscancausechangesinproductionandconsumption.Productionincreaseswhenthepricesarehigh.Asthepricesofgoodsgoup,producersmakemoregoodsbecausetheycanmakemoremoneywhentheysellthegoods.Ontheotherhand,consumptionincreaseswhenthepricesarelow.Asthepricesofgoodsgodown,consumersbuymoregoodsbecauseofthelowprices.

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmerican.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwaysoflife.Mobility—bothphysicalandpsychological—hasmadeagreatimpressiononthecultureofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisthemarkofthecustomandmoralityofNewEnglanders.

Synonyms,wordsthathavethesamebasicmeaning,donotalwayshavethesameemotionalmeaning.Forexample,thewords“stingy”and“frugal”bothmean“carefulwithmoney”.However,tocallapersonstingyisaninsult,whilethewordfrugalhasamuchmorepositiveconnotation.Similarly,apersonwantstobeslenderbutnotskinny,andaggressivebutnotpushy.Therefore,youshouldbecarefulinchoosingwordsbecausemanyso-calledsynonymsarenotreallysynonymsatall.

2.SupportingSentence

3.Concludingsentence

Inshort,Inconclusion,Clearly,

Unit6ParagraphUnityandCoherence

Anotherdifferenceamongtheworld’sseasandoceansisthatthesalinityvariesindifferentclimatezones.Forexample,