lovingandhatingnewyork课后练习答案.docx

lovingandhatingnewyork课后练习答案.docx

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lovingandhatingnewyork课后练习答案

loving-and-hating-new-york课后练习答案

LovingandHatingNewYork练习题答案/answer

Ⅰ.

　1.Olmsted:

FrederickLawOlmstedJr.（1870--1975）,Americanlandscapearchitect.AHarvardgraduate（1894）,hestudiedunderhisfather,FredcrickLawOlmsted,andbeganpracticeaslandscapearchitectin1895.HewaslandscapearchitectfortheMetropolitanParkSystemofBoston,1898--1920;BaltimoreParkandParkCommission,1902--1917;memberoftheNationalCapitalParkandPlanningCommissionin1929,andagainfrom1945.Heactedinconsultingcapacityforanddesignedportionsoftheparksorotherpublicimprovementsofmanytownsandcitiesandnumerousinstiutions,landsubdivisions,andprivateproperties.AmonghisdesignsinWashingtonD.C.werethoseforRockCreekandAna-costiaParks,theMall,andtheWhiteHousegrounds.Hewrotenumerousarticlesandreportsonprofessionalsubjects. 

　2.Bach.JohnSebastianBach（1685--1750）,Germancomposerandorganist,oneofthegreatestandmostinfluentialcomposersoftheWesternWorld.Hebroughtpoly-phonicbaroquemusictoitsculmination,creatingmasterfulandvigorousworksinalmosteverymusicalformknowninhisperiod.Bornintoagiftedfamily,Bachwasdevotedtomusicfromchildhood;hewastaughtbyhisfatherandlaterbyhisbrotherJohanncristoph.Hiseducationwasacquiredlargelythroughindependentstudies. 

　SincefewofBach'smanyworkswerepublishedinhislifetime,exactdatescannotbefixedforallofthem,butmostcanbeplacedwithsomecertaintyintheperiodsofhislife.AtArnstadtandMiihlhausenhebeganaseriesoforgancompositionsthatculminatedinthegreatworksoftheWeimarperiod;thePassacagliaandFugueinCMi-nor.AtCothenheconcentratedoninstrumentalcompositions,especiallykeyboardworks:

theChromaticFantasyandFugue;theEnglishSuites;andBookIofthecelebrated7"heWell-Tempered-Clavier.Healsowroteseveralun-accompainiedviolinSonatasandcellosuites,andtheBrandenburgConcertos,recognisedasthebestconcertigrossievercomposed.AsmusicaldirectorofStThomasatLeipzig,hecomposedmanyofhissuperbreligiouscompositions,theChristmasOratorio,theSt.]~lathewPassion,etc.TheprincipalkeyboardworksofthisperiodwereBookⅡofTheWell-TemperedClavierandthefourbooksofclavierpiecesintheClavierCibung,whichincludes:

sixpartitas（1726--1731）~theItalianConcertoandthePartitainBminor（1735）~andtheGoldbergVariations. 

　Thebulkofhisworkisreligious.Inaddition,hecomposedanastonisingnumberofinstrumentalworks,manyofthemdesignedfortheinstructionofhisnumerouspupils.Inhisinstrumentalandchoralworksheperfectedtheartofpolyphony,displayinganunmatchedcombinationofinventivenessandcontrolinhisgreat,stridingfugues.Duringhislifetime,Bachwasbetterknownasanorganistthanasacomposer.Fordecadesafterhisdeathhisworkswereneglected,butinthe19thcenturyhisgeniuscametoberecognized,particularlybyromanticcomposerssuchasMendelssohnandSchumann.Sincethattimehisreputationhasgrownsteadily. 

Ⅱ.

　1.N0,hishometownisSeattle,aseaportinwestcentralWashingtonStateonPugetSound.Seeparagragh4. 

　2.ThesesignsshowthatNewYorkisnolongertheleadingcityintheUnitedStates. 

　3.NewYorknolongerbegetsthestylesandsetsthetrends.Itisnolongerapaeesetter. 

　4.Othercitieshavebuildingsmoreinspiredarchitecturally.Thecenterofmusicandsportshavealsoshiftedtoothercities.AsatouristattractionitisinferiortoNewOrlcans,SanFrancisco,WashingtonorDisneyland.Finally,therearemanybetercitiestoliveinthanNewYork. 

becomesamatterofalternatingmoods,ofteninthesameday." 

　2.GriffithdevelopshismainthesisbybothobjectiveandemotionaldescriptionofNewYorkandthelifeandstruggleofNewYorkers.Itisveryeffective.（Seetheanswerto4.） 

　3.ThisarticleisfullofAmericanEnglishterms,phrasesandconstructions.SuchasT-shirt,hassle,plush,holdout,comeback,putdown,measureup,expense-account,etc. 

　4.ThewriterstatesthathebothlovesandhatesNewYork,butthereaderfailstoseewhereorwhyhehatesNewYork.ItisclearthatGriffithlovesNewYorkandfeelsexhilaratedlivingthere.Hemaysometimesfeelexasperatedbutthisfeelingisneverstrongenoughtoturntohate.ThewritershowshisloveforNewYorkwiththewordssuchasenergy,contentionstriving,etc. 

　5.Thefirstfiveparagraphsactasageneralintroduction,set-tingforththepresentstatusofNewYorkcityintheUnit-edStatesandintheeyesofforeigners.Thelastsentenceofparagraph5alsoactsasatransitiontothe"actualde-scriptionsofNewYorkcityitself:

"thecharged,nervousatmosphere,itsvulgardynamism"ofthelastlineofparagraph5leadstothe"energy,contention,andstriving"inthefirstlineofparagraph6. 

　6.Thetopicsentenceofparagraph8isthefirstsentence."Nature~spleasuresaremuchqualifiedinNewYork."Thewriterusesmanyexamplestodevelopthisparagraphandtobackupthestatementmadeinthetopicsentence. 

　7.InNewYork,ashrewdunderstandingorabilitytoappraisethingsisappreciatedandpaidfor,andskillandlearningbythemselvesarenotconsideredvaluable.8.Free.Student’schoice. 

Ⅳ.

　1.NowadaysNewYorkcannotunderstandnorfollowthetasteoftheAmericanpeople. 

　2.NewYorkboaststhatitisacitythatresiststheprevailingtrends（styles,fashion）ofAmerica. 

　3.SituationcomediesmadeinHollywoodandtheactualperformanceofJohnnyCarsonnowreplacethescheduledradio 

　　andTVprogramsforCalifornia. 

　4.NewYorkisregainingsomewhatitsstatusasacitythatattractstourists. 

　5.ApersonwhowinsinNewYorkisconstantlydisturbedbyfearandanxiety（becauseheisafraidoflosingwhathehaswoninthefiercecompetition）. 

　6.Thechancetoenjoythepleasuresofnatureisverylimited. 

　7.AtnightthecityofNewYorkisaglowwithlightsandseemsproudlyandhaughtilytodarkenthenightsky. 

　8.ButapureandwholehearteddevotiontoaBohemianlifestylecanbeexaggerated. 

　9.Inboththeserolesofbankingandcommunicationshead-quarters,NewYorkstartsororiginatesveryfewthingsbutgivesitsstampofapprovaltomanythingscreatedbypeopleinotherpartsofthecountry. 

　10.Thetelevisiongenerationwasconstantlyandstronglyinfluencedbyextravagantpromotionaladvertising. 

　11.Authorswritinglongseriousnovelsearntheirlivinginthemeantimebyalsowritingarticlesforpopularmagazines. 

　12.Broadway,whichseemedunabletoresistthecheap,gaudyshowsputoninthesurroundingareas,isonceagainbusyandactive. 

　13.（IfyoutellaNewYorkeraboutthevigorofoutdoorpleasures,hewillreplythat）hepreferstheunhealthyturmoilandanimatedlifeofacity. 

　14.Thosewhofailedinthestruggleoflife,thedown-and-outs,arenothiddenawayinslumsorghettoeswhereotherpeoplecan'tseethem. 

　15.NewYorkconstantlyirritatesandannoysverymuchbutattimesitalsoinvigoratesandstimulates. 

Ⅴ.Seethetranslationofthetext. 

Ⅵ.

　1.holdout:

（Americanism）aplacethatholdsout;holdout=continueresistance;standfirm;notyield 

　2.live:

transmittedduringtheactualperformance 

　3.charged:

tense;intense 

　4.put-down:

（Americanslang）abelittlingremarkorcrushingretort 

　5.foothold:

asecurepositionfromwhichitisdifficulttobedislodged 

　6.measureup:

（Americanism）provetobecompetentorqualified 

　7.jingle:

aversethatjingles;jinglingarrangementofwordsorsyllables 

　8.expense-account.（Americanism）anarrangementwherebycertainexpensesofanemployeeinconnectionwithhisworkarepaidforbyhisemployer 

　9.illustration=apicture,design,diagram,etc.usedtodecorateorexplainsomething 

　10.commercial:

（radioandTV）apaidadvertisement 

　11.distancing:

bereservedorcooltoward;treataloofly 

　12.democratic:

treatingpersonsofallclassesinthesameway;notsnobbish 

　13,jealous:

verywatchfulorcarefulinguardingorkeeping 

　14.high-rise:

（Americanism）designatingorofatallapartmenthouse,officebuilding,etc.,ofmanystories/（noun）ahigh-risebuilding 

　15.mean:

poorinappearance;shabby. 

Ⅶ.

　1.skyline:

noun+noun=nounExamples:

bookcase;teacup;skyrocket;sealskin;seaport;pigsty 

　2.pacesetter:

noun+verb+er=nounExamples:

shareholder;leaseholder;pathfinder;painstaker;watchmaker 

　3.trash-strewn:

noun+pastparticiple=adjectiveExamples:

homespun;bloodstained;landlocked;henpecked;homemade 

　4.international:

acombiningform+adjective=adjectiveExamples:

interAmerican;interchangeable;interdepartmental;interplanetary;intersectional 

　5.anti-septically:

prefix4-adverb=adverbExamples:

preemptively;preeminently;predominantly;prefiguratively;prehistorically 

　6.juxtaposition:

acombiningform+noun=nounExamples:

photochemistry;photocopy;phonograph;telephone;television 

　7.NBC:

composedofinitialsN+B+CfromNationalBroadcastingCompanyExamples:

BBC--BritishBroadcastingCorporation;NCO--noncommissionedofficer;UN--UnitedNations;MIA--missinginaction;PFLI--PekingForeignLanguagesInstitute 

　8.Wasp:

anacronymfromwhiteAnglo-SaxonprotestantExamples:

Awacs--airbornewarningandcontrolsystem（asophisticatedsurveillanceplane）;UFO--unidentifiedflyingobject;Nato--NorthAtlanticTreatyOrganization;Asean--AssociationofSouth-eastAsianNations;Anzac--（asoldierinthe）AustralianandNewZealandArmyCorps 

　9．ad：

ashorteningof“advertisement”Examples：

auto（automobile）；kilo（kilogram）；exam（examination）；ge