专业艺术英语-中国戏曲-Chinese-Opera.ppt

专业艺术英语-中国戏曲-Chinese-Opera.ppt

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,ChineseOpera中国戏曲,Contents,Introduction,Varieties,PekingOpera,Introduction-ChineseOperas,ChineseOperahasbeenacknowledgedasoneofthegreatestancientdramasintheworld,parallelingtheComediesandTragediesofGreeceandtheSanskrit（梵文）DramaofIndia.TheChineseoperaisatraditionalformofstageentertainment,weavingtogetherelementsofmime,dance,song,dialogue,swordplay,andacrobaticsintoonefluidcontinuousflow.Gestures,movementsandexpressionsincorporatedwithineachperformersscriptcometogethertobringforthanimpressiveperformance.,Introduction-ChineseOperas,IncontrasttoWesternstageentertainment,whichissubdividedintodifferentcategoriessuchasopera,dramaandsketches（幽默短剧）,Chineseoperahasremainedfaithfultoitsoriginalformatoverthecenturies.Theirorigincanbetracedbacktoprimitivesocietybuttheprototype（雏形）forChineseoperaactuallyappearedintheSongdynastyabout800yearsago.,Introduction-ChineseOperas,Althoughsharingacommonancestry,Chineseoperaboastsover300variousdistinctforms-takingtheirnamesfromtheirplacesoforigin.Theseformsaregenerallydiscernible（可是别的）bytheiruseoflocaldialectsanddistinctmelodies.Beijingoperaisconsideredbymosttobethemostrefined.AlsowidespreadarePingjuOpera,KunquOpera,ShaoxingOpera,HenanOpera,SichuanOpera,ShanxiOpera,HuangmeiOpera,HuaguOperaandYangkoOpera.SomeChineseethnicminoritygroupshavesomelocalformofoperas.,Varieties,NorthernBeijingopera京剧Errenzhuan二人转（NortheastChina）Hebeibangzi河北梆子（Hebei）Jiju吉剧（Jilin）Lju吕剧（Shandong）Pingju评剧（Hebei）Puju蒲剧（Shanxi）Qinqiang/Qindynastyopera秦腔（Shaanxi）Shandongbangzi（Shandong）Shanxibangzi（Shanxi）,Southern（main）Cantoneseopera（Guangdong）ChaozhouoperaGanju/Yiyangqiang（Jiangxi）Huju（Shanghai）KunquLiyuanoperaPuppetoperaShaoxingopera/Yueju（Zhejiang）Suzhouopera（Suzhou）TaiwaneseoperaWuju（Jinhua）,VarietiesofChineseOpera,Over300typesalltogetherBeijingOpera（京剧）YueOpera（越剧）HuangmeiOpera（黄梅戏）YuOpera（豫剧）PingOpera（评剧）KunOpera（昆剧）HebeiClapperOpera（河北梆子）ChuanOpera（川剧）YueOpera（越剧）LuOpera（吕剧）,BeijingOpera（京剧）,BeijingOpera,oncecalledPekingOpera,isthemostinfluentialandrepresentativeofalloperasinChinaandhasahistoryofover200years.BeijingOperaisnoticeableforfourhighlysystemizedcategoriesofsinging,acting,recitingandacrobaticfighting.,TheFourrolesinBeijingOpera,FamousPlaysinBeijingOpera,TheGatheringOfHeroes群英会TheEmptyCity空城计TheOrphanoftheZhao赵氏孤儿TheFemaleGeneralsoftheYang杨门女将RedLantern红灯记TheSparksinReedMarshes芦荡火种ToTaketheWeihuMountainbyStrategy智取威虎山,YueOpera越剧,YueOperaisalocaloperapopularinthesouthernregionsoftheChangjiangRiver.YueOperahasahistoryofnearly100years.ThefamousperformerYuanXuefen（袁雪芬）,contributedsignificantlytothereformofthisopera.WellknownplaysincludeTheButterflysLove梁山伯与祝英台,TheDreamofRedMansions红楼梦andTheWestChamber西厢记.,HuangmeiOpera黄梅戏,HuangmeiOpera,oncecalledHuangmeiTune（黄梅调）,isalocaloperainAnhuiProvince,wasbasicallyderivedfromtheCaichaTune（采茶调,tea-pickingtunes）ofHuangmeicounty.TheHuangmeiOperausesthetalentsofthewell-knownperformer,YanFengying（阎凤英）,andthetraditionalplaysareTheHeavenlyMaidandtheMortal天仙配andFemaleSon-in-LawoftheEmperor女驸马。

YuOpera豫剧,YuOpera,alsocalledHenanClapperOpera（河南梆子）orHenanHighTune（河南高调）,isamajorlocaloperainHenanProvinceandenjoysnationwidepopularity.Therearemorethan600traditionalplaysintherepertoireofYuOpera,amongthemarePlayingShortSpears对花枪andTheBeheadingofChenShimei铡美案.ThemostfamousperformerisChangXiangyu（常香玉）.,PingOpera评剧,PingOperaisatraditionaloperawidelypopularinBeijing,Tianjin,NorthandNortheastChina.Itisespeciallygoodatreflectinglifeofurbanpeopleandhasgainedgreatfavorfrompeoplebothinruralandurbanareas.ClassicplaysincludeFlower,aMatchmaker花为媒andDuShiNiang杜十娘,tonamejustafew.RepresentativeperformersareXiaoBaiYushuang（小白玉霜）andXinFengxia（新风霞）.,KunOpera昆曲,KunOpera,alsocalledKunshanQiang（昆山腔）,originatedintheKunshanregionofJiangsuProvince.ItisoneofChinasclassicaloperaswithahistoryofmorethan600years.ThetraditionalplaysofKunOperaincludeTheInjusticetoDouE窦娥冤,TheWestChamber西厢记,ThePeachBlossomFan桃花扇,ThePeonyPavilion牡丹亭andPalaceofEternalYouth长生殿.TherepresentativeperformersareYuZhenfei（俞振飞）andHongXuefei（洪雪飞）.,HebeiClapperOpera河北梆子,HebeiClapperOperaisalocaloperawhichoriginatedinHebeiProvince,yetalsobecameverypopularinBeijing,TianjinandsomeregionsofHebei,Liaoning,Jilin,Heilongjiang,InnerMongoliaandShandongProvinces.RepresentativeplaysincludeTheGeneralsoftheYang杨家将,LotusLantern宝莲灯andQinXianglian秦香莲.,ChuanOpera川剧,ChuanOperaisoneoftheoldestlocaloperasinChina,mainlyprevalentinSichuanprovinceandpartsofYunnanandGuizhouprovinces.TherearesomeuniqueandrarefeaturesofChuanOperausedtodepict（描绘）certaincharacters.Forexample,theactorswithathirdeyeontheirforeheadcansuddenlyopenitandhaveaninsightintothepastandthefuture;someactorscanchangetheirfacialmake-upswithaquickswingofthehead;andsomeareproficientatjumpingthroughburninghoopsorhidingswords.Theyareperfectlyintegratedwiththeplotoftheplay,themoodandthepersonalityofthecharacters.,YueOpera粤剧,YueOperaisamajoroperaprevalentinareaswherepeoplespeakGuangdongdialect,suchasGuangdongandGuangxiprovinces,HongKong,MacaoandoverseasChinesecommunitiesinSoutheastAsia.Itsorchestra（管弦乐队）hasadoptedWesterninstrumentssuchasviolin,saxophone,cello（大提琴）anddoublebass（大贝斯或低音提琴）,inadditiontoChinesetraditionalinstrumentslikeErhe（二胡）,Gaohu（高胡）,Sanxian（三弦）,andYueqin（月琴）.Inacting,stagesceneryandlighting,thetechniquesofmoderndramaandWesternoperahavebeenintegrated.AleadingactressisHongXiannu（红线女）,ChineseMusicalInstruments,windinstruments（吹奏乐器）bowedstringinstruments（拉弦乐器）pluckedstringinstruments（弹拨乐器）percussioninstruments.（打击乐器）,WindorBlowingInstruments吹奏乐器,Thewindinstrumentsaremainlymadeofbambooorwoodandareintheformofapipe.Theycanproducesmoothandsonorous（调子高的，响亮的）soundbywindblowingthroughthepipe.ThereisavarietyofwindinstrumentsusedinChinesemusic,amongthemaretheDizi,XiaoandSheng.Theseplayakeyroleinvariousmusicalensembles（重奏）.,WindorBlowingInstruments吹奏乐器,笛,箫,笙,唢呐,BowedStringInstrument拉弦乐器,Thebowedstringinstrumentsproducefromthevibrationofthestringssweetsoundandrichtonecolors.MostofChinesebowedstringinstrumentsbelongtotheHuqin（胡琴）group,suchastheErhu,theGaohuandtheBanhu,theformertwohavesoundingmembranes（薄膜）madeofpython（蟒蛇）skin,whilethelateronehasawoodensoundingboard.Theycanexpressprofoundfeelingsanddisplayexquisite（精湛的）skillsoftheperformer.,BowedStringInstrument拉弦乐器,二胡,京胡,板胡,PluckedStringInstrument弹拨乐器,Thepluckedstringinstrumentsareplayedbypluckingthestringswithfingersorplectrums（弦拨）.Therearevariouskindsofpluckedstringinstrumentsmadeofdifferentforms.ThegroupofthepluckedstringinstrumentmainlyincludestheGuqin,ZhengandPipa.,PluckedStringInstrument弹拨乐器,筝,琵琶,阮,三弦,扬琴,Percussion打击乐器,ThehistoryofpercussioninstrumentsinChinaislongerthananyothercategoryoftraditionalinstruments.ThecharacterofdrumwasfirstfoundintheinscriptionsonbonesandtortoiseshellsoftheShangDynasty.ChinahasanenormousvarietyofpercussioninstrumentsandthemorepopularonesaretheGu,Zhong,BoandLuo,whichcanmakesoundsfullofappealsandlocalcolor.,Percussion打击乐器,青铜编钟,编磬,锣,钹,鼓,木鱼,PekingOpera,HistoryofPekingOpera,RolesofPekingOpera,Facialmasks,BriefIntroduction,BeijingoperaorPekingoperaisaformoftraditionalChinesetheatrewhichcombinesmusic,vocalperformance,mime,danceandacrobatics.TheformwasextremelypopularintheQingDynastycourtandhascometoberegardedasoneoftheculturaltreasuresofChina.IthasalsospreadtoothercountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapan.,BeijingoperawasbornwhentheFourGreatAnhuiTroupesbroughtAnhuiopera,orwhatisnowcalledHuiju,toBeijingin1790,forthebirthdayoftheQianlongEmperor.Beijingoperawasoriginallystagedforthecourtandcameintothepubliclater.In1828,somefamousHubeitroupescametoBeijing.TheyoftenjointlyperformedinthestagewithAnhuitroupes.ThecombinationgraduallyformedBeijingoperasmelodies.Beijingoperaisgenerallyregardedashavingfullyformedby1845.AlthoughitiscalledBeijingopera（Beijingtheatrestyle）,itsoriginsareinthesouthernAnhuiandeasternHubeiBeijingoperaisnotactuallyamonolithicform,butratheracoalescenceofmanyolderforms.,Development,Performersutilizetheskillsofspeech,song,dance,andcombatinmovementsthataresymbolicandsuggestive,ratherthanrealistic.Theskillofperformersisevaluatedaccordingtothebeautyoftheirmovements.Performersalsoadheretoavarietyofstylisticconventionsthathelpaudiencesnavigatetheplotoftheproduction.Thelayersofmeaningwithineachmovementmustbeexpressedintimewithmusic.BeijingoperaarebasedonChinesehistory,folklore,and,increasingly,contemporarylife.,Beijingoperawasinitiallyanexclusivelymalepursuit.TheQianlongEmperorhadbannedallfemaleperformersinBeijingin1772.Theappearanceofwomenonthestagebeganunofficiallyduringthe1870s.Femaleperformersbegantoimpersonatemalerolesanddeclaredequalitywithmen.By1894,thefirstcommercialvenueshowcasingfemaleperformancetroupesappearedinShanghai.Thisencouragedotherfemaletroupestoform,whichgraduallyincreasedinpopularity.Asaresult,theatreartistYuZhenting俞振庭petitioned（请愿）fortheliftingofthebanaf