英语专四真题和参考答案与解析Word格式文档下载.docx

英语专四真题和参考答案与解析Word格式文档下载.docx

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15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

A.theevil

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askilling

andmaiming______________.

A.war

B.arewar

C.ofwar

D.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.itsmostbasicB.itsbasic

C.themostbasicD.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhername

fromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmensely

proudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentence

expresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto

___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.A.justice

B.testimonyC.trial

D.verdict

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeen

stronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A.cutB.buoyC.offerD.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivingany

authorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedin

whatweconsiderbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.

A.finalB.further

C.supplementaryD.extra

27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing

“deplorable”schoolconditions.A.fired

B.filedC.finedD.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19

th

centurycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater

archaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysis

ofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage

ifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.Marktheletter

foreachwordonANSWERSHEET.

A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness

F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey

K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread

AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.He

sentChristmas

cardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.

Althoughheexpected

somereaction,

theresponsehereceived

wasamazing—holiday

cardsaddressed

tohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardof

him.

Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintothe

identityofthe

unknownprofessor.

Theyreceived

his

holiday

greeting

card,

andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionof

oneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus

—therule

forreciprocation.

Therulesays

that

weshould

trytorepay,

inkind,what

anotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;

ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;

ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompany

thereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomea

synonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothers

aswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itis

sowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.

Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

D.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablish

coloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.They

wantedtoescapethecontrols

placedon

theirlivesby

kingsandgovernments,

priests

andchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirst

settlers

havehadaprofound

effect

onthe

shaping

ofthe

Americancharacter.

Bylimiting

thepowerofthe

government

andthe

churches

andeliminating

aformalaristocracy,

they

createdaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.Individual

freedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americans

meanthe

desire

andtheability

of

allindividuals

tocontrol

their

owndestiny

without

outside

interference

fromthe

government,

aruling

noble

class,the

church,

or

anyother

organizedauthority.

（2）

There

is,

however,

a

price

to

be

paid

for

this

individual

freedom:

self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,

achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyas

possible,usuallybyage18or21.

（3）

Asecond

important

reason

whyimmigrants

havetraditionally

beendrawnto

the

United

States

isthe

belief

everyone

hasaequal

chancetoenterarace

andsucceed

inthe

game.Becausetitlesof

nobility

wereforbiddenintheConstitution,no

formal

classsystemdevelopedintheU.S.

（4）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:

competition.

Ifmuch

life

isseenas

race,thenapersonmustruntheraceinorder

tosucceed;

aperson

mustcompetewith

others.

Thepressures

ofcompetition

in

ofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,

anygroupof

peoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfully

does

notfit

into

mainstream

ofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

（5）AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStates

isto

haveabetter

life.

Becauseofits

abundant

natural

resources,

theUnitedStates

appearedtobea

“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.

Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches

”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Many

peopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmerican

people,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

（6）Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:

hardwork.Hard

workhasbeenboth

necessary

andrewarding

mostAmericans

throughout

history.

Insomeways,

material

possessions

are

seenasevidence

people’sabilities.