新课标高考英语阅读理解细节理解主旨大意归纳法解题附带答案Word格式文档下载.docx
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（4）做出判断和推理；
（5）理解文章的基本结构；
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：
细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主旨大意题。
阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题Facts（文章中客观存在的事实，客观题的答案一般都可以在原文中找到，即文中的具体事实或者抽象概念。
）和主观理解题（Opinions）（这类问题不可能直接从原文中找到答案，需要通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深的理解，并据此进行判断和推理。
）
今天主要处理的是主旨大意（归纳法）解题。
阅读策略：
主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题
一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：
Thetextismainlyabout____.
Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis______.
Whatwouldbethebesttitle/headlineforthetext?
Thisarticlemainlytellsaboutthestoryof____.
Whatisthetopicofthetext?
Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis____.
Whatdoesthesecondparagraphdiscuss?
Theparagraph（passage）dealswith_____.
Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?
主旨大意范例
1.Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.
Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.
Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametime
wearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.
Themainideaoftheparagraphis________.
2.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'
tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.
Thetopicsentenceoftheparagraphis________________
3.Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworking
withherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.
4.Goinggreenseemstobefad（时尚）foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodorbad,wecan’treallysay,butforthetowofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.
OnApril22,2011,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeantdoing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasythings.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthingstodoandthiswasnoeasytask.
Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A．GoingGreen.B．ProtectingthePlanet.
C．KeepingOpen-MindedD．CelebratingOurGreenYear.
5.自己需要归纳总结类的主旨类阅读理解
Everyone’satit,evenmyneighbors.IthoughtImightbetheonlypersonleftintheworldwhohadn’tdoneaneBaydeal.So,Idecidedtotrymyhandatonlineauction（网上拍卖）.
Buyingforbeginners:
Signuponwww.ehay.co.uk.Mostitems（e.g.tables,computers,andbooks）readyforauctionwillcomewithapictureandashortdescription;
othersmaybemarkedwith“BuyItNow”andhaveafixedprice.Youcanbuytheserightaway.
Iftheitemisbeingauctioned,youofferthehighestpriceyouarepreparedtopayandeBaybids（出价）foryou.Thebidwillbeincreasedlittlebylittleuntilitgoesbeyondyourhighestbid,thenyouareemailedandaskedifyouwouldliketobidagain.Auctionslastupto10daysandwhentheyfinishyougetanemailtellingyouwhetheryouhavewontheitem.
Howtopay:
Sellersdecidehowtheywouldliketobepaidandyouneedtocheckthisbeforeplacingabidasyoumightnotwanttopostachequeorpostalorders.TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,anonlinepaymentsystemthattakesthemoneyawayfromyourcreditcard（信用）.
Sellingmadesimple:
IfyouplantoselloneBay,ithelpstoincludeapictureoftheitem.Ifollowedmyfriends'
adviceandputuptheitemsIwantedtosellfora10-dayauction,starringonaThursday.Thiswaybuyershadtwoweekendstobid.
Thebigthingsinlife:
It'
seasytopostasmallitem,butfurnitureisabigpartofeBayandthishastobecollectedorsentbydeliverymen.Cheekthewaysofdeliverybeforeyoubid.
Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Howtomakepaymentonline. B.Waysofmakingdeliveryonline
C.Advantagesofanonline-auctionsystem. D.Howtouseanonline-auctionsystem.
第三部分主旨类解题归纳总结
（一）经验总结:
1.把握逻辑结构，提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。
2.找准主题句，主题句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主题句表达中心思想，起主导作用，阅读时要对容易出现主题句的地方特别注意。
（二）主旨大意题的错误选项有一下特点：
1.以偏盖全。
只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。
2.过于笼统。
即归纳的主题太宽泛，与细节脱节或者是没有对细节加以充分论述。
3.把观点强加于作者。
读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。
4.无关信息，即在文章中没有提到或者是找不到语言依据的信息。
当堂检测反馈：
主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题经典应用
Peoplewhomultitaskallthetimemaybetheworstatdoingtwothingsatonce,anewresearchsuggests.Thefindings,basedonperformancesandself-evaluationbyabout275collegestudents,indicatethatmany
peoplemultitasknotoutofadesiretoincreaseproductivity,butbecausetheyareeasilydistracted（分心）andcan’tfocusononeactivity.And“thosepeopleturnouttobetheworstathandlingdifferentthings,”saidDavidSanbonmatsu,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah.
Sanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesgavethestudentsasetoftestsandaskedthemtoreporthowoftentheymultitasked,howgoodtheythoughttheywereatit,andhowsensation-seeking（寻求刺激）orimperative（冲动）theywere.Theythenevaluatedtheparticipants’multitaskingabilitywithatrickymentaltaskthatrequiredthestudentstodosimplemathematicalcalculationswhilerememberingasetofletters.
Notsurprisingly,thescientistssaid,mostpeoplethoughttheywerebetterthanaverageatmultitasking,andthosewhothoughttheywerebetteratitweremorelikelytoreportusingacellphonewhiledrivingorviewingmultiplekindsofmediaatonce.Butthosewhofrequentlydealwithmanythingsatthesametimewerefoundtoperformtheworstattheactualmultitaskingtest.Theyalsoweremorelikelytoadmittosensation-seekingandimpulsivebehavior,whichconnectswithhoweasilypeoplegetboredanddistracted.
“Peoplemultitasknotbecauseit’sgoingtoleadtogreaterproductivity,butbecausethey’redistractible,andtheygetsuckedintothingsthatarenotasimportant.”Sanbonmatsusaid.
AdamGazzaley,aresearcherattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,whowasnotamemberoftheresearchgroup,saidonelimitationofthestudywasthatitcouldn’tfindoutwhetherpeoplewhostartoutlessfocusedtowardmultitaskingorwhetherpeople’srecognizingandunderstandingabilitieschangeasaresultofmultitasking.
Thefindingsdosuggest,however,whythesensation-seekerwhomultitaskthemostmayenjoyriskydistracteddriving.“Peoplewhoaremultitaskingaregenerallylesssensitivetoriskysituations.”saidPaulAtchley,anotherresearchernotinthegroup.“Thismaypartlyexplainwhypeoplegoinforthesesituationseventhoughthey’redangerous.”
67.TheresearchledbySanbonmatsuindicatesthatpeoplewhomultitask________..
A.seekhighproductivityconstantly
B.preferhandlingdifferentthingswhengettingbored
C.aremorefocusedwhendoingmanythingsatatime
D.havethepoorestresultsindoingvariousthingsatthesametime
68.WhenSanbonmatsuandhiscolleaguesconductedtheirresearch,they___________..
A.assessedthemultitaskingabilityofthestudents
B.evaluatedtheacademicachievementsofthestudents
C.analyzedtheeffectsoftheparticipants’trickymentaltasks
D.measuredthechangesofthestudents’understandingability
69.AccordingtoSanbonmatsu,peoplemultitaskbecauseoftheir__________._.
A.limitedpowerincalculationB.interestsindoingthingsdifferently
C.inabilitytoconcentrateononetaskD.impulsivedesiretotrynewthings
70.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthatmultitaskersusually__________..
A.driveveryskillfully
B.goinfordifferenttasks
C.failtoreactquicklytopotentialdangers
D.refusetoexplainthereasonsfortheirbehavior
高三英语阅读理解---细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（查找、归纳法）解题
参考答案：
导入：
今天主要处理的是细节理解（扫读法）解题、主旨大意（归纳法）解题。
范例
Themainideaoftheparagraphis_____Todaytheproblemofenvironmentha
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