HOW to BECOME a GOOD THEORETICAL PHYSICISTWord文件下载.docx

HOW to BECOME a GOOD THEORETICAL PHYSICISTWord文件下载.docx

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perhapsinafuturesite.Let'

sfirstlimitourselvestotheabsoluteminimum.Thesubjectslistedbelowmustbestudied.Anyomissionwillbepunished:

failure.Dogetmeright:

youdon'

thavetobelieveanythingyoureadonfaith-checkit.Tryalternativeapproaches,asmanyasyoucan.Youwilldiscover,timeandagain,thatreallywhatthoseguysdidindeedwasthesmartestthingpossible.Amazing.thebestofthetextscomewithexercises.Dothem.findoutthatyoucanunderstandeverything.Trytoreachthestagethatyoudiscoverthenumerousmisprints,tinymistakesaswellasmoreimportanterrors,andimaginehowyouwouldwritethosetextsinasmarterway.

Icantellyouofmyownexperiences.Ihadtheextremeluckofhavingexcellentteachersaroundme.Thathelpsonefromrunningastray.IthelpedmeallthewaytoearnaNobelPrize.ButIdidn'

thaveinternet.Iamgoingtotrytobeyourteacher.Itisaformidabletask.Iamaskingstudents,colleagues,teacherstohelpmeimprovethissite.Itispresentlysetuponlyforthosewhowishtobecometheoreticalphysicists,notjustordinaryones,buttheverybest,thosewhoarefullydeterminedtoearntheirownNobelPrize.Ifyouaremoremodestthanthat,well,finishthoselousyschoolsfirstandfollowtheregularroutesprovidedbyeducatorsandspecialized-gogueswhoaresodamncarefullychewingallthosetinyportionsbeforefeedingthemtoyou.Thisisasiteforambitiouspeople.Iamsurethatanyonecandothis,ifoneisgiftedwithacertainamountofintelligence,interestanddetermination.

TheoreticalPhysicsislikeaskyscraper.Ithassolidfoundationsinelementarymathematicsandnotionsofclassical（pre-20thcentury）physics.Don'

tthinkthatpre-20thcenturyphysicsis"

irrelevant"

sincenowwehavesomuchmore.Inthosedays,thesolidfoundationswerelaidoftheknowledgethatweenjoynow.Don'

ttrytoconstructyourskyscraperwithoutfirstreconstructingthesefoundationsyourself.ThefirstfewfloorsofourskyscraperconsistofadvancedmathematicalformalismsthatturntheClassicalPhysicstheoriesintobeautiesoftheirown.Theyareneededifyouwanttogohigherthanthat.So,nextcomemanyoftheothersubjectslistedbelow.Finally,ifyouaremadenoughthatyouwanttosolvethosetremendouslyperplexingproblemsofreconcilinggravitationalphysicswiththequantumworld,youendupstudyinggeneralrelativity,superstringtheory,M-theory,Calabi-Yaucompactificationandsoon.That'

spresentlythetopoftheskyscraper.ThereareotherpeakssuchasBose-Einsteincondensation,fractionalHalleffect,andmore.AlsogoodforNobelPrizes,asthepastyearshaveshown.Awarningiscalledfor:

evenifyouareextremelysmart,youarestilllikelytogetstucksomewhere.Surfthenetyourself.Findmore.Tellmeaboutwhatyoufound.IfthissitehasbeenofanyhelptosomeonewhilepreparingforaUniversitystudy,ifthishasmotivatedsomeone,helpedsomeonealongtheway,andsmoothenedhisorherpathtowardsscience,thenIcallthissitesuccessful.Pleaseletmeknow.Hereisthelist.

NotethatthissiteNOTmeanttobeverypedagogical.Iavoidtextswithlotsofcolorfulbutdistractingpicturesfromauthorswhotryhardtobefunny.Also,thesubjectsincludedaresomewhatfocusedtowardsmyowninterests.

LISTOFSUBJECTS,INLOGICALORDER（noteverythinghastobedoneinthisorder,butthisapproximatelyindicatesthelogicalcoherenceofthevarioussubjects.Somenotesareatahigherlevelthanothers）.

▪Languages

▪PrimaryMathematics

▪ClassicalMechanics

▪Optics

▪StatisticalMechanicsandThermodynamics

▪Electronics

▪Electromagnetism

▪QuantumMechanics

▪AtomsandMolecules

▪SolidStatePhysics

▪NuclearPhysics

▪PlasmaPhysics

▪AdvancedMathematics

▪SpecialRelativity

▪AdvancedQuantumMechanics

▪Phenomenology

▪GeneralRelativity

▪QuantumFieldTheory

▪SuperstringTheory

Moreresources

The.psfilesarePostScriptfiles§

.

（Inthisinitialphasethispageisstillincomplete!

）

Languages:

Englishisaprerequisite.Ifyouhaven'

tmasteredityet,learnit.Youmustbeabletoread,write,speakandunderstandEnglish,butyoudon'

thavetobeperfecthere.ThelousyEnglishusedinthistextismine.That'

senough.AllpublicationsareinEnglish.NotetheimportanceofbeingabletowriteinEnglish.Soonerorlateryouwillwishtopublishyourresults.Peoplemustbeabletoreadandunderstandyourstuff.

FreeEnglishcoursesandresources.

BBCworldservicelearningEnglish.

French,German,SpanishandItalianmaybeusefultoo,buttheyarenotatallnecessary.Theyarenowherenearthefoundationsofoursky-scraper,sodon'

tworry.YoudoneedtheGreekalphabet.Greeklettersareusedalot.Learntheirnames,otherwiseyoumakeafoolofyourselfwhengivinganoralpresentation.Now,herebeginstheseriousstuff.Don'

tcomplainthatitlookslikebeingalot.Youwon'

tgetyourNobelPrizeforfree,andremember,allofthistogethertakesourstudentsatleast5yearsofintensestudy（atleastonereaderwassurprisedatthisstatement,sayingthat（s）hewouldnevermasterthisin5years;

indeed,Iamaddressingpeoplewhoplantospendmostoftheirtimetothisstudy）.Morethanrudimentaryintelligenceisassumedtobepresent,becauseordinarystudentscanmasterthismaterialonlywhenassistedbypatientteachers.Itisnecessarytodoexercises.Someofthetextscomewithexercises.Dothem,orbetter,inventyourownexercises.Trytooutsmarttheauthors,butpleaserefrainfrommailingtomeyouralternativetheoriesuntilyouhavestudiedtheentirelot;

ifyoudothiswellyouwilldiscoverthatmanyoftheseauthorswerenotsostupidafterall.

ReturntoList

Now,firstthingsfirst:

PrimaryMathematics:

Areyoucomfortablewithnumbers,adding,subtracting,squareroots,etc.?

*BeginningAlgebra*（WestTexasA&

M）

*IntermediateAlgebra*（WestTexasA&

▪Naturalnumbers:

1,2,3,...

▪Integers:

...,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,...

▪Rationalnumbers（fractions）:

¼

½

¾

23791/773,...

▪Realnumbers:

Sqrt

（2）=1.4142135...,pi=3.14159265...,e=2.7182818...,...

▪Complexnumbers:

2+3i,eia=cos（a）+isin（a）,...theyareveryimportant!

DaveE.Joyce'

strigonometrycourse

Thisisamust:

Prof.JamesBinney'

scourseoncomplexnumbers（PDF）

（nearly）completeoverviewofprimarymathematics（K.Kubota,Kentucky）

SeealsoChrisPope'

slecturenotes:

Methods1-ch1

Methods1-ch2

Thecomplexplane.Cauchytheoremsandcontourintegration（G.Cain,Atlanta）

Settheory:

opensets,compactspaces.Topology.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthattheydoplayaroleindeedinphysics!

Algebraicequations.Approximationtechniques.Seriesexpansions:

theTaylorseries.Solvingequationswithcomplexnumbers.Trigonometry:

sin（2x）=2sinxcosx,etc.

Infinitesimals.Differentiation.Differentiatebasicfunctions（sin,cos,exp）.Integration.Integratebasicfunctions,whenpossible.Differentialequations.Linearequations.

TheFouriertransformation.Theuseofcomplexnumbers.Convergenceofseries.

Thecomplexplane.Cauchytheoremsandcontourintegration（nowthisisfun）.

TheGammafunction（enjoystudyingitsproperties）.

Gaussianintegrals.Probabilitytheory.

Partialdifferentialequations.DirichletandNeumannboundaryconditions.

Thisisforstarters.Someofthesetopicsactuallycomeasentirelecturecourses.MuchofthoseareessentialingredientsoftheoriesinPhysics.Youdon'

thavetofinishitallbeforebeginningwithwhatfollowsnext,but