5年高考3年模拟新课标版高考英语真题分类汇编 专题十三 词义猜测.docx

5年高考3年模拟新课标版高考英语真题分类汇编 专题十三 词义猜测.docx

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5年高考3年模拟新课标版高考英语真题分类汇编专题十三词义猜测

专题十三词义猜测

Passage1（2014课标全国Ⅰ,B）体裁:

说明文　词数:

298

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller,aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly,theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing.Wherethebirdsweremostabundant,peoplebelievedtherewasanever-lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain,waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed,thenthrewlargenetsoverthem,takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury,thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans􀆳needforwood,whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth,wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone,nevertobeseenagain.

In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons,butbythen,nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty,Ohio,in1900.Foratime,afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem,knownaffectionatelyasMartha,diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1,1914.

1.Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons　　　. 

A.werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

2.Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons􀆳　　　. 

A.escapeB.ruin

C.liberationD.evolution

3.Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A.Toseekpleasure.B.Tosaveotherbirds.

C.Tomakemoney.D.Toprotectcrops.

4.WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A.Itwasignoredbythepublic.B.Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C.Itwasunfair.D.Itwasstrict.

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。

曾几何时在美国蔚蓝的天空飞翔着一种鸟,这种鸟可能是当时美国数量最多的鸟类——旅鸽。

但是慢慢地这种鸟的数量急剧减少,人们几乎看不到它们了。

发生了什么事?

这些鸟去哪儿了呢?

1.D　

2.B　

3.C　

4.B　

Passage2（2014课标全国Ⅱ,C）体裁:

说明文　词数:

276

Oneofthelatesttrends（趋势）inAmericanchildcareisChineseaupairs.AuPairinStamford,Conn.,forexample,hasgotincreasingnumbersofrequestsforChineseaupairsfromzerotoaround4,000since2004.Andthat􀆳strueallacrossthecountry.

“IthoughtitwouldbeveryusefulforhimtolearnChineseatanearlyage,”JosephStocke,themanagingdirectorofacompany,saysofhis2-year-oldson.“Iwouldatleastliketogivehimthechancetousethelanguageinthefuture.”Afteronlysixmonthsofbeingcaredforbya25-year-oldwomanfromChina,theboycanalreadyunderstandbasicChinesedailyexpressions,hisdadsays.

LiDrake,aChinesenativeraisingtwochildreninMinnesotawithanAmericanhusband,hadanotherreasonforlookingforanaupairfromChina:

Shedidn􀆳twantherchildrentomissoutontheirroots.“BecauseIamChinese,myhusbandandIwantedthechildrentokeepexposedto（接触）thelanguageandculture,”shesays.

“Stayingwithanativespeakerisbetterforchildrenthansimplysittinginaclassroom,”saysSuzanneFlynn,aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.“Butparentsmustunderstandthatjustoneyearwithanaupairisunlikelytoproducewonders.Completemasterydemandscontinuedlearninguntiltheageof10or12.”

ThepopularityofaupairsfromChinahasbeenstrengthenedbytheincreasingnumbersofAmericanparentswhowanttheirchildrentolearnChinese.ItisexpectedthatAmericandemandforaupairswillcontinuetoriseinthenextfewyears.

1.Whatdoestheterm“aupair”inthetextmean?

A.Amotherraisingherchildrenonherown.

B.Achildlearningaforeignlanguageathome.

C.Aprofessorinlanguageeducationofchildren.

D.Ayoungforeignwomantakingcareofchildren.

2.LiDrakehasherchildrenstudyChinesebecauseshewantsthem　　　. 

A.toliveinChinasomeday

B.tospeakthelanguageathome

C.tocatchupwithotherchildren

D.tolearnabouttheChineseculture

3.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.LearningChineseisbecomingpopularinAmerica.

B.Educatedwomendobetterinlookingafterchildren.

C.ChineseaupairsneedtoimprovetheirEnglishskills.

D.Childrencanlearnaforeignlanguagewellinsixmonths.

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材是社会文化类。

在美国开始盛行雇用中国换工互惠生来照看孩子,因为越来越多的父母希望孩子可以尽早学习汉语。

1.D　

2.D　

3.A　

Passage3（2014北京,D）体裁:

说明文　词数:

351

StoreScent（香味）

Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?

Theproductsdisplayed（展示）attheentrance?

Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?

Buthaveyouevernoticedthesmell?

Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop􀆳sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovingtobeanincreasinglypowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.

Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers􀆳intentiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.

WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinParis,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand􀆳ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonsale.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.

Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants􀆳disprovingattitudeanddon􀆳t-touch-what-you-can􀆳t-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce（e-commerce）hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（实体店）canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.

Now,afamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut（椰子）scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore􀆳swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstores?

A.Friendlyassistants.B.Uniquescents.

C.Softbackgroundmusic.D.Attractivewindowdisplay.

2.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto　　　. 

A.showtheadvantagesofbricks-and-mortarstores

B.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitude

C.pushstorestousesightsandsounds

D.introducetheriseofe-commerce

3.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means　　　. 

A.aplatformthatexhibitsgoods

B.aspotwheretravelersliketostay

C.aplacewherecustomerslovetogo

D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet

4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto　　　. 

A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassess

C.argueanddiscussD.informandexplain

答案

[语篇解读]　本文为说明文,题材为社会文化。

文章告诉我们商店都是有它们独特的气味的,这种气味可以让顾客更加喜欢在商店购物。

1.B　

2.A　

3.C　

4.D　

Passage4（2014重庆,D）体裁:

记叙文　词数:

251

Onemomentitwasquietandcalmintheforest,thenext,theairwaschargedwithtension.Theelephanthadheardthedistantalarmcallsofanimalsandhermoodsuddenlychanged.Iurgedtheelephantdeeperintotheforest.Wesoundedlikeaforestfire—crackling,snapping,trailblazing.Butthroughallthenoisecameasharpwarningcry.Theelephantstoppedandwehearditagain—thetell-talecallofaspotteddeer.

Ilookedquicklyaroundtheshadowsoftheforest.Raysofsunlightshonethroughtreebranches,beneathwhichthepatchwork（交错）ofgreenplantsandshadows-within-shadowswouldmaketigerstripes（条纹）lookmoreattractive.Apartfromanoccasionalnoisefromtheelephant􀆳sstomach,theforestwassilent.

Gradually,thetensionslippedfromourbodies.Theelephantseizedanearbybranchandputitintohermouth.Ireachedforwardandgentlymovedmyhandovertheelephant􀆳sneck;therewasasoftpart,freeofwrinklesandhairs,behindherear.

ThiswasmyfourthtimetosensetheauraoftheforestinCorbett,althoughIsawnotigersintheend.LocatedatthefootoftheHimalayanmountains,Corbettishometoabout135Bengaltigers,buttheforestseemedtobeguardingtheirwhereabouts（出没处）,asilentreminderoftheirsecrecyandrarity.Still,Iwashappyenoughtouchingtheelephantbehindtheear.IfIhadsodesperatelywantedtoseeatiger,Icouldhavegonetoazoo.Afterall,spottingtigersmerelyconfirmstheirbeauty;trackingthemcanmakeyouawareofsomethingmore. 

1.Whichofthefollowingwasaclearsignalofalarm?

A.Theelephantstopped.

B.Aspotteddeercalled.

C.Theelephantseizedabranch.

D.Theforestwassilentforawhile.

2.Theauthorbeginshisaccountofthetourintheforestmainlyby　　　. 

A.describingvarioussounds

B.comparingdifferentanimals

C.listingdifferentactivities

D.introducingvariousplants

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“tosensetheaura”mostprobablymean?

A.Toseethediversity.

B.Toenjoythescenery.

C.Tofeeltheatmosphere.

D.Toexperiencethefreedom.

4.Howdoestheauthor