专业英语八级解析阅读题.docx

专业英语八级解析阅读题.docx

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专业英语八级解析阅读题

　　一、ReadingComprehension（Comprehension）

　　（共20小题,共20.0分）Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

　　D.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebest

　　answer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet

　　Two.第1题

　　Countlessmedicalstudieshaveconcludedthatplayingtoomanyvideogamescanbeharmfultoone's

　　health.Now,however,itturnsoutthatoneofthemorepopularvideo-gameconsolesonthemarket,theXbox360,couldbeusedtosave

　　lives.AcomputerscientistattheUniversityofWarwickinEnglandhasdevisedawaytouseanXbox360todetectheartdefectsandhelppreventheart

　　attacks.Thenewtoolhasthepotentialtorevolutionizethemedicalindustrybecauseitisbothfasterandcheaperthanthecomputersystemsthatarecurrentlyusedbyscientiststoperformcomplexheart

　　research.Thesystem,detailedinastudyintheAugusteditionoftheJournalofComputationalBiologyandChemistry,isbasedonavideo-gamedemocreatedbySimonScarletwoyearsagowhenhewasasoftwareengineeratMicrosoft'sRarestudio,thedivisionofthe

　　U.S.-basedcompanythatdesignsgamesfortheXbox

　　360.Scarlemodifiedachipintheconsolesothatinsteadofproducinggraphicsforthegame,itnowdeliversdatatrackinghowelectricalsignalsintheheartmovearounddamagedcardiac

　　cells.Thiscreatesamodeloftheheartthatallowsdoctorstoidentifyheartdefectsorconditionssuchasarrhythmia,adisturbanceinthenormalrhythmoftheheartthatcausesittopumpless

　　effectively."Thisisacleveruseofaprocessingchip...tospeedupcalculationsofheart

　　rhythm.Whatusedtotakehourscanbecalculatedinseconds,withouthavingtoemployanextremelyexpensive,high-performancecomputer,"

　　DenisNoble,directorofComputationalPhysiologyatOxfordUniversity,tells

　　TIME.Tocreateaheartmodelnow,researchersmustusesupercomputersoranetworkofPCstocrunchmillionsofmathematicalequationsrelatingtotheproteins,cellsandtissuesoftheheart,atime-consumingandcostly

　　process.Scarle'sXboxsystemcandeliverthesameresultsataratefivetimesfasterand10timesmorecheap,accordingtothe

　　study."Thesegameconsolesaren'tjustglorified

　　toys.[They]arepiecesofverypowerfulcomputinghardware,"

　　Scarle

　　says."Icanseethis...beingmost

　　usefulforstudentsandearly-careerscientiststojustquicklyandcheaplygrabthatextrabitofcomputingpowertheyotherwisewouldn'tbeableto

　　get."

　　Scarleattributeshisbreakthroughcreationtohisunusualbackgroundofworkingasasoftwareengineerinthegamingindustryandperformingelectrocardio-dynamicsresearchattheUniversityofSheffieldin

　　England.Theideafortheheart-modelingtoolcamefroma"littleshootergame"

　　hedevelopedatMicrosoftinwhichaplayertriestogundownenemiesinanarenameanttoresemblea

　　heart."Ididagame-ifiedversionofmyoldcardiac

　　code.Icouldactuallypresentsome'proper'science[basedon]thecoolthingsusgamedevelopersdo,"

　　Scarle

　　says.TheXbox360isn'ttheonlyvideo-gameconsolethatisbeingusedforscientific

　　research.AttheUniversityofMassachusettscampusinDartmouth,scientistsareusingSonyPlayStationstosimulateblack-holecollisionstotrytosolvethemysteryofwhathappenswhenasupermassiveblackholeswallowsa

　　star.Soperhapsparentsshouldn'tbetooworriediftheirchildrenarespendinganinordinateamountoftimeplayingvideo

　　games.Whoknows,today'sGrandTheftAutoorHaloaddictmayendupdiscoveringanewmoonaroundSaturnorfindingacurefor

　　cancer.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheXbox360?

　　AItisapopularvideo-game.BItwasoriginallydevelopedtodetectheart

　　defects.CItisagoodexamplethatvideogamescanbenefithuman

　　beings.DItispreferredbythemedicalindustryintermsofitsspeedand

　　cost.

　　【正确答案】：

B

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[解析]此题是事实题。

由第一、三段可知，Xbox360是一种电子游戏的控制板，经过芯片改装之后被用于心脏检查。

　　第2题Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

　　ATheauthorcriticizedthegaming

　　industry.

　　BTheauthordoubtsifvideogamescanbe

　　beneficial.CTheauthorbelievesthatvideogamesaregoodforone's

　　health.DTheauthorbelievesthatvideogamescanhelpscientificresearchifproperly

　　used.

　　【正确答案】：

D

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[解析]此题是推断题。

文章主题是电子游戏可以对人类有用。

　　第3题Whatdoes"inordinate"

　　meaninParagraph9?

　　AlimitedBsomeClargeDexcessive

　　【正确答案】：

D

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[解析]此题是词义理解题。

结合上下文可知，家长不必太担心孩子花太多的时间玩电子游戏。

　　第4题Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardplayingvideogames?

　　AdisgustingBfullofhatredCopen-mindedDdisapproving

　　【正确答案】：

C

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[解析]此题是推理概括题。

由最后一段可知，作者认为家长不必太担心孩子玩电子游戏，或许明天他们会因为玩电子游戏而成为一名科学家。

故作者对玩电子游戏持开放态度。

　　第5题Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

　　A

　　Xbox:

AKindofNewVideoGamesB

　　Xbox:

AKindofMagicalVideoGamesCHowXboxCanHelpFightHeartDiseaseDPlayingVideoGamesCanBenefitChildren

　　【正确答案】：

C

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[解析]此题是推理概括题。

　　文章主题是如何使用Xbox来诊断心脏疾病，故选项C为正确答案。

　　第6题

　　SinceearlyNovember,casesofH1N1havecontinuedtodeclinenationwide,andscientistskeepingtrackofthenumberssaythataspandemicsgo,2009H1N1mayturnouttobeamildone—atleastforthetime

　　being.Thequestionnowonhealthofficials'minds

　　is:

Willtherebeasecondwaveofcasesinthenewyear?

　　Theanswerdependsonwhomyou

　　ask."Wetookaninformalpollofaboutadozenofsomeoftheworld'sleadingexpertsininfluenza,"

　　Dr.ThomasFrieden,directoroftheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）,toldreporters

　　recently."Abouthalfofthemsaid,Yes,wethinkit'slikelythatwe'llhaveanothersurgein

　　cases.Abouthalfsaid,No,wethinkit'snot

　　likely.Andonesaid,Flipa

　　coin."

　　Itisanaccuratereflectionofhowunpredictabletheinfluenzaviruscan

　　be.Althoughfluactivityhasbeenwaningforthethirdweekinarow,healthofficialswarnthattherearestillfourtofivemonthsleftin

　　theofficialinfluenzaseason,plentyoftimeforthevirustomakeitsroundsandfindnew

　　hosts."Thestoryofpandemics,andthestoryofH1N1ingeneral,isthestoryofpersistentuncertaintywhereweneverquiteknowwhatwearegoingtogetorwhen,"

　　says

　　Dr.IrwinRedlener,directoroftheNationalCenterforDisasterPreparednessattheColumbiaUniversityMailmanSchoolofPublic

　　Health.HowseverethecurrentH1N1pandemicseemsdependsonwhatyouuseasameasuring

　　stick.Comparedwithpreviouspandemics,likethe1918Spanishflu,whichkilled20millionpeopleandinfectedupto40%oftheworld'spopulation,oreventhefarlessdeadly1957and1968boutswithastrainofH1N1influenzasimilartothe2009strain,thingsdon'tseemasbadthistime

　　around.Fewerpeoplearegettingseverelyillwheninfected,andfewerhavediedorrequiredhospitalizationfromthefluthaninprevious

　　pandemics.MarcLipsitch,anepidemiologistattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,andhiscolleaguesstudiedthecourseofthe2009H1N1pandemiclastspringintwocities—NewYorkandMinneapolis—anddeterminedthat0.048%ofpeoplewhodevelopedsymptomsofH1N1died,and1.44%required

　　hospitalization.Basedonthatdata,publishedinPLoSMedicine,Lipsitchanticipatesfarfewerdeathsfrom2009H1N1thanwasinitially

　　believed.Bytheendofthefluseasoninthespringof2010,Lipsitchpredicts,anywherefrom6,000to45,000peoplewillhavediedfromH1N1inthe

　　U.S.,withthenumbermostlikelytoendupbetween10,000and15,000.Thoseestimatesarefarbelowthedeathtollofthe1957flu,whichkilled69,800peopleinthe

　　U.S.,accordingtogovernmentfigures,andsmalleralsothantheearlypredictionsforthe2009H1N1fludeaths,whichrangedfrom30,000to90,000.Itisnotclear,however,thatpastpandemicsareanappropriategaugeforevaluatingthecurrentfluorthatthenewprojectionsarebasedoncomplete

　　data.Theeventualdeathtollof2009H1N1maybelessgrimthantheoutcomesofpreviouspandemics,butitshouldbenotedthat90yearsago,andeven40yearsago,healthofficialslackedtheantiviraltherapiesandnationwidevaccinationcapabilitiesthatareavailable

　　today.Thatmayhavecontributedtopandemicshavingamoredevastatingeffectonthehealthofpast

　　populations.Thenewestimatesarealsolessalarmingthanthoseprovided—alsobyLipsitch—tothePresident'sCouncilofAdvisersonScienceandTechnologylastsummernearthestartofthe

　　pandemic.Atthetime,researchershadonlypatchydataonthenumberofpeopleinfectedby,andseekingtreatmentfor,thenew

　　flu.TheinitiallybleakpredictionoftheimpactofH1N1—withupto50%ofthe

　　U.S.populationbecominginfectedinthefallandwinterof2009,resultinginasmanyas90,000deaths—wasbasedonmodelingofprevious

　　pandemics.

　　Fortunately,theworstcasescenariodidnotcometo

　　pass."Theworstcaseconsistentwiththedatawehavenowisalotmilderthantheworstcaseconsistentwiththedatawehadinthesummerorspring,"

　　Lipsitch

　　says.Still,Lipsitchandotherhealthofficialsacknowledgethatthe2009H1N1pandemicisnot

　　over.WhatworrieshealthofficialsmostisthatasbothseasonalandH1N1fluvirusescirculateamongthepopulation,thetwostrainscouldrecombineintoamorevirulentandaggressiveversionthatcouldcausemorewidespreadillnessandeven

　　death.Howvirusesbehaveoncetheynestleintoahostiscompletelyunpredictable,butscientistsknowthatinalabdish,seasonalandH1N1flustrainsmixandmatc