A Brief Introduction to English Literature 英国文学.docx
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ABriefIntroductiontoEnglishLiterature英国文学
教学目的:
1、使学生了解英国文学这门课的性质、学习方法、学习要求等;
2、使学生知道什么是文学以及各种文学形式。
教学重点与难点:
什么是文学以及各种文学形式的概念。
教学方法与手段:
讲授与讨论相结合。
教授内容:
GeneralIntroductiononLiterature
Mainly,therearethreekindsofliterature:
fiction,poetry,anddrama.
I.Fiction
1)Definition:
fictioncreatedfromtheimagination,notpresentedasfact,thoughitmaybaseonatruestoryorsituation.
2)Elements
1.Plot:
asequenceofinterrelatedactionsandevents.
Fivestagesofplot:
exposition,complication,crisis,fallingactionandresolution.
2.Characters:
thepeopleinfiction
Typesofcharacters:
protagonistvs.antagonist
Flatvs.roundcharacters
Dynamicvs.staticcharacters
3.Setting:
placeandobjectsinfiction
Types:
natural,manufactured
4.Pointofview:
theangleorperspectivefromwhichtheauthorobservesandtellsthestory.
5.Theme:
whattheauthoristosayinhisstory.
6.Style:
theauthor’sparticularwayoftellinghisstory.
7.Tone:
theauthor’sattitudetowardhissubjectoraudience.
8.Symbolism:
akeytoextendedmeaning
9.Allegory:
theauthor’sattempttoreinforcehisthemebymakinghischaractersrepresentsomespecificabstractideasorqualities.
II.Poetry
1)Definition:
classifiedasnarrativeorlyric.
2)Elements
1.Imagery
Animageisaconcreterepresentationofasenseimpression,afeeling,oranidea.
2.Symbolism
Asymbolisanyobjectoractionthatmeansmorethanitself,anyobjectorobjectionthatrepresentssomethingbeyonditself.
3.Sound:
Rhyme,alliterationandassonance
III.Drama
1)Definition:
adialogueperformedbyactorsonastagebeforeanaudience.
2)Elements
1.Dialogue
2.Staging
3.Genres:
comedy,tragedyandtragic-comedy.
教学目的:
1、使学生了解什么是英国文学。
2、使学生从整体上了解英国文学各个时期的历史背景、文学形式、主要作品、作家等,以便在整体上对英国文学有一个清晰的认识。
教学重点:
英国文学各个历史时期文学的历史背景、文学形式、主要作家作品。
教学方法与手段:
讲授与讨论相结合。
教授内容:
ABriefIntroductiontoEnglishLiterature
1.OldEnglishLiterature(449A.D.~1066)
1)Historybackground:
ThemakingoftheEngland:
Jutes,AnglesandSaxonsinvadedAlbionandcombinedintooneUnitedKingdom-theEngland.
TheirdialectsgraduallygrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo-Saxon,orOldEnglish.
Thetransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism
2)Mainliterature:
poetry
3)Mainwriters:
Caedmon,Cynewulf,VenerableBedeandAlfredtheGreat.
4)Mainwork:
TheSongofBeowulf<<贝奥武甫>>
2.MedievalEnglishLiterature(1066-15thcentury)
1)Historybackground:
Feudalsystemwasestablished
RomanCatholicChurchcontrolledoverthecountry.
2)Mainliterature:
poetry,Romance,Popularballad
3)Mainwritersandtheirworks:
GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里·乔叟TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》
WilliamLangland威廉·朗格兰PiersthePlowman《农夫皮尔斯》
ThomasMalory马洛里TheDeathofArthur
RobinHoodBallads《罗宾汉民谣集》
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》
3.RenaissanceEnglishliterature(late15thcentury~early17thcentury)
1)Historybackground:
●TheestablishmentofTudorDynasty(都铎王朝)(1485~1603)
●ReligiousReformation
●TheestablishmentofProtestantism
●Commercialexpansionabroad
●TheWarwithSpain
●MovementofRenaissance
●Thethoughtofhumanismarose
2)Mainliterature:
poetry(sonnetandblankverse),drama,essay
3)Mainwritersandtheirworks:
•ThomasMore托马斯·莫尔Utopia《乌托邦》
•EdmundSpencer埃德蒙·斯宾塞Theshepherd’sCalendar《牧人日历》
TheFaerieQueene《仙后》
•WilliamShakespeare
•FrancisBaconEssays《随笔集》
•ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·马洛DoctorFaustus《浮士德博士》
•BenJonson本·琼生Volpone《福尔蓬奈》
4.EnglishLiteratureoftheRevolutionandRestorationPeriod(17thcentury)
1)Historybackground:
●EnglishRevolution(1649)
●TheestablishmentofaCommonwealth
●Themonarchywasrestored(1660)
●GloriousRevolution(1688)
2)Mainliterature:
poetry,comedy,prose
3)Mainwritersandtheirworks:
⏹JohnMilton弥尔顿ParadiseLost《失乐园》SamsonAgonistes《力士参孙》
⏹JohnBunyan班扬ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》
⏹JohnDryden德莱顿Alexander’sFeast《亚历山大的宴会》TheIndianQueen《印第安王后》
⏹JohnDonne多恩TheElegiesandSatires《挽歌与讽刺》
18thcenturyEnglishliterature-theageofEnlightenment
Historybackground:
●Aperiodofcomparativelypeacefuldevelopment
●IndustrialRevolution
●Enlightenment(启蒙运动)
●Thestruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.
2)Mainliterature:
poetry,drama,fiction
3)Literaturetrends:
●a)neoclassicism
●b)realisticnovel.
●c)Sentimentalism
●d)Pre-romanticism
4)Mainwritersandtheirworks:
●DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福RobinsonCrusoe《鲁滨逊漂流记》MollFlanders《摩尔·弗兰德斯》
●JonathanSwift乔纳森·斯威夫特Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》
●HenryFielding菲尔丁TomJones《汤姆·琼斯》
●ThomasGray托马斯·格雷ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓园挽歌》
WilliamBlake威廉·布莱克SongsofInnocence《天真之歌》SongsofExperience《经验之歌》
RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯ARed,RedRose《一朵红红的玫瑰》
RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德·布林斯利·谢里丹TheSchoolforScandal《造谣学校》
TheRivals《情敌》
AlexanderPope亚历山大·蒲柏TheRapeoftheLock《卷发遇劫记》
教学目的:
1.了解古英语文学的概况;
2.掌握古英语诗歌的特点。
教学重点:
1.古英语诗歌的分类及特征;
2.史诗《贝武奥甫》及写作特点;
3.英语修辞手法头韵、抑言陈述。
教学难点:
分析史诗《贝武奥甫》中头韵、抑言陈述手法的运用。
教学方法:
教师讲授、学生报告与讨论相结合
教授内容:
TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(449—1066)
Historicalbackground
•Before410A.D.,BritainhadbeenaRomanprovince.AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpire(410A.D.),theaboriginalCelticpopulationwasconqueredbytheTeutonicTribesofAngles,SaxonsandJuteswhonamedthecentralpartofAlbionAnglia,orEngland.
•About449JutesleftDenmark,landedintheIsleofThanet.AndAngledandSaxonsfollowed.
•Angles,animportantTeutonictribefurnishedtheirnewhomeEngland.ThedialectsgraduallygrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo-Saxon,orOldEnglish.
Literaturecharacteristics
TheliteratureofthisperiodisdividedintopaganliteratureandChristianliterature.
•Theformerrepresentpoetryandinformoforalsagas.
•Thelaterrepresentsthewritingsdevelopedunderteachingofthemonks.
•Thepoetrywascopiedbythemonksandhasthereligiouscoloring.
•Mostofworkscannotfinditsscribe.
•Caedmon,thefatherofEnglishsong,isthefirstknownreligiouspoetofEngland.HewroteapoeticParaphraseofthebible
•CynewulfproducedthedidacticpoemTheChrist
•AlfredtheGreat(848-901)wroteTheAnglo-SaxonChronicles.ThisbookrecordsthemainhappeningsoftheAnglo-Saxonperiod.ItisthebestmonumentoftheOldEnglishprose.
RepresentativeachievementofAnglo-Saxonperiod—TheSongofBeowulf
•TheSongofBeowulfisEngland’snationalepic.Itwaswrittenbyanunknownscribeatthebeginningofthe10thcenturyandwasdiscoveredin1705.Itreflectseventswhichtookplaceapproximatelyatthebeginningofthe6thcentury.
•Theepicconsistsof3182linesandistobedividedintotwoparts.
•Themainplot:
WritingFeaturesofthePoem:
•1)ItisnotaChristianbutapaganpoem.Thewholepoempresentsusanall-roundpictureofthetribalsocietyandChristianculture.
•2)Theuseofthestrongstressandthepredominanceofconsonantsareverynotableinthispoem.Eachlineisdividedintotwohalves,andeachhalfhastwoheavystresses.
•3)Theuseofthealliterationisanothernotablefeature.Threestressesofthewholelinearemadeevenmoreemphaticbytheuseofalliteration.
•4)Alotofmetaphorsandunderstatementsareusedinthepoem.Forexample,theseaiscalled"thewhale-road"or"theswanroad";thesoldiersarecalled"shield-men";thechieftainsarecalledthe"treasurekeepers";human-bodyisreferredtoas"thebone-house”;Godiscalled"wonder-wielder”;monsterisreferredtoas"soul-destroyer".
Literaryterms:
•Alliteration:
arepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewords.e.g.1.Tohiskinthekindest,keenestforpraise.2.Singasongofsouthernsinger
•Epic:
Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:
theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;conflictintheformofbattlesorotherphysicalforcescombat;andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.Theysummarizeandexpressthenatureoridealsofanentirenationatasignificantorcrucialperiodofitshistory.Eg:
Iliad《伊利亚特》,Odyssey《奥德赛》ParadiseLost《失乐园》,TheDivineComedy《神曲》。
教学目的:
1.了解中世纪英语文学的发展状况;
2.掌握这一时期各种文学形式及代表人物的特点。
教学重点:
1.中世纪英国文学的总体特征;传奇、民谣的特点;
2.《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》的主题、母题分析;
3.罗宾汉民谣分析;
4.威廉•朗格兰及《农夫皮尔斯》介绍;
5.乔叟的《坎特伯雷故事集》分析,乔叟的文学贡献;
6.英语诗歌知识介绍。
教学难点:
1.主题与母题的区分;
2.《坎特伯雷故事集》中《序曲》的结构特征及其蕴含的宗教思想;
3.英语诗歌的韵律、格律特点;
4.学生对诗歌中古英语词汇的理解。
教学方法:
教师讲授、学生报告和课堂讨论相结合
教授内容:
•Medievalperiod(1066-ca.1485)
HistoricalBackground(whatisthemostimportanteventinthisperiod?
)
1.TheNormanConquest
In1066,atthebattleofHastings,William,theenergeticDukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-SaxonsandbecametheKingofEngland.
2.TheConsequenceoftheConquest
●Politically,afeudalsystemandacentralizedgovernmentwasestablishedinEngland.
●Religiously,theRome-backedCatholicChurchhadamuchstrongercontroloverthecountry.
●Greatchangestookplaceinlanguages:
theNormanlordsspokeFrench;commonEnglishspokeoldEnglish;Latinbecametheprincipaltongueofchurchaffairsandwasusedbytheclergymenandscholars.(Asaresult,manytermsemployedbytheNormanswereadoptedintoEnglishlanguage.)
●NormansbroughttoEnglandtheirownliterature.
Ⅱ.MedievalEnglishLiterature
☐1.Abriefsurvey:
☐Theperiod,from1066uptothemid-14thcentury,isalmostabarrenperiodinliterarycreation.Inthesecondhalfofthe14thcentury,Englishliteraturestartstoflourish.IncomparisonwithOldEnglish