英语六级考试真题第3套+参考答案.docx

英语六级考试真题第3套+参考答案.docx

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英语六级考试真题第3套+参考答案

2013年6月英语六级考试真题试卷（第3套）

PartIWriting （30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark"Asmileistheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople."Youcanciteexamplesto 

.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

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注意：

此部分试题在答题卡1上PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

NormanBorlaug:

'FatheroftheGreenRevolution'

FewpeoplehavequietlychangedtheworldforthebettermorethanthisruralladfromthemidwesternstateofIowaintheUnitedStates.ThemaninfocusisNormanBorlaug,theFatherofthe'GreenRevolution',whodiedonSeptember12,2009atage95.NormanBorlaugspentmostofhis60workingyearsinthefarmlandsofMexico,SouthAsiaandlaterinAfrica,fightingworldhunger,andsavingbysomeestimatesuptoabillionlivesintheprocess.Anachievement,fitforaNobelPeacePrize.

EarlyYears

"I'maproductofthegreatdepression"ishowBorlaugdescribedhimself.Agreat-grandsonofNorwegianimmigrantstotheUnitedStates,Borlaugwasbornin1914andgrewuponasmallfarminthenortheasterncornerofIowainatowncalledCresco.Hisfamilyhada40-hectare（公顷）farmonwhichtheygrewwheat,maize（玉米）andhayandraisedpigsandcattle.Normanspentmostofhistimefromage7-17onthefarm,evenasheattendedaone-room,one-teacherschoolatNewOregoninHowardCounty.

Borlaugdidn'thavemoneytogotocollege.ButthroughaGreatDepressioneraprogramme,knownastheNationalYouthAdministration,BorlaugwasabletoenrollintheUniversityofMinnesotaatMinneapolistostudyforestry.HeexcelledinstudiesandreceivedhisPh.D.inplantpathology（病理学）andgeneticsin1942.From1942to1944,BorlaugwasemployedasamicrobiologistatDuPontinWilmington.However,followingtheDecember7,1941attackon

PearlHarbor,Borlaugtriedtojointhemilitary,butwasrejectedunderwartime 

InMexico

In1944,manyexpertswarnedofmassstarvationindevelopingnationswherepopulationswereexpandingfasterthancropproduction.BorlaugbeganworkataRockefellerFoundation-fundedprojectinMexicotoincreasewheatproductionbydevelopinghigher-yieldingvarietiesofthecrop.Itinvolvedresearchingenetics,plantbreeding,plantpathology,entomology（昆虫学）,agronomy（农艺学）,soilscience,andcerealtechnology.ThegoaloftheprojectwastoboostwheatproductioninMexico,whichatthetimewasimportingalargeportionofitsgrain. 

BorlaugsaidthathisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexicoweredifficult.Helackedtrainedscientistsandequipment.Nativefarmerswerehostiletowardsthewheatprogrammebecauseofseriouscroplossesfrom1939to1941duetostemrust. 

WheatvarietiesthatBorlaugworkedwithhadtall,thinstalks.Whiletallerwheatcompetedbetterforsunlight,theyhadatendencytocollapseundertheweightofextragrain-atraitcalledlodging.Toovercomethis,Borlaugworkedonbreedingwheatwithshorterandstrongerstalks,whichcouldholdonlargerseedheads.Borlaug'snewsemi-dwarf,disease-resistantvarieties,calledPitic62andPenjamo62,changedthepotentialyieldofMexicanwheatdramatically.By1963wheatproductioninMexicostoodsixtimesmorethanthatof1944.

GreenRevolutioninIndia

Duringthe1960s,SouthAsiaexperiencedseveredroughtconditionandIndiahadbeenimportingwheatonalargescalefromtheUnitedStates.BorlaugcametoIndiain1963alongwithDr.RobertAndersontoduplicatehisMexicansuccessinthesub-continent.Theexperimentsbeganwithplantingafewofthehigh-yieldingvarietystrainsinthefieldsoftheIndianAgriculturalResearchInstituteatPusainNewDelhi,underthesupervisionofDr.M.S.Swaminathan.ThesestrainsweresubsequentlyplantedintestplotsatLudhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,PuneandIndore.Theresultswerepromising,butlarge-scalesuccess,however,wasnotinstant.CulturaloppositiontonewagriculturaltechniquesinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromgoingaheadwithplantingofnewwheatstrainsinIndia.By1965,whenthedroughtsituationturnedalarming,theGovernmenttooktheleadandallowedwheatrevolutiontomoveforward.ByemployingagriculturaltechniqueshedevelopedinMexico,BorlaugwasabletonearlydoubleSouthAsianwheatharvestsbetween1965and1970.

IndiasubsequentlymadeahugecommitmenttoMexicanwheat,importingsome18000tonnesofseed.By1968,itwasclearthattheIndianwheatharvestwasnothingshortofrevolutionary.Itwassoproductivethattherewasashortageoflabourtoharvestit,ofbullcartstohaulittothethreshingfloor（打谷场）,ofjute（麻黄）bagstostoreit.Localgovernmentsinsomeareaswereforcedtoshutdownschoolstemporarilytousethemasstorehouses.

UnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）observedthatin40yearsbetween1961and2001,"Indiamorethandoubleditspopulation,from452milliontomorethan1billion.At

thesametime,itnearlytripleditsgrainproductionfrom87milliontonnesto231milliontonnes.Itaccomplishedthisfeatwhileincreasingcultivatedgrainacreage（土地面积）amere8percent."

ItwasinIndiathatNormanBorlaug'sworkwasdescribedasthe'GreenRevolution.'

InAfrica

Africasufferedwidespreadhungerandstarvationthroughthe70sand80s.Foodandaidpouredinfrommostdevelopedcountriesintothecontinent,butthankstotheabsenceofefficientdistributionsystem,thehungryremainedempty-stomach.ThethenChairmanoftheNipponFoundation,RyoichiSasakawawonderedwhythemethodsusedinMexicoandIndiawerenotextendedtoAfrica.HecalledupNormanBorlaug.nowleadingasemi-retiredlife,forhelp.HemanagedtoconvinceBorlaugtohelpwithhisneweffortandsubsequentlyfoundedtheSasakawaAfricaAssociation.Borlauglaterrecalled,"butafterIsawtheterriblecircumstancesthere,Isaid,'Let'sjuststartgrowing'".

ThesuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularasitwasinIndiaorMexico.ThoseelementsthatallowedBorlaug'sprojectstosucceed,suchaswell-organizedeconomiesandtransportationandirrigationsystems,wereseverelylackingthroughoutAfrica.Becauseofthis,Borlaug'sinitialprojectswererestrictedtodevelopedregionsofthecontinent.Nevertheless,yieldsofmaize,sorghum（高粱）andwheatdoubledbetween1983and1985.

NobelPrize

Forhiscontributionstotheworldfoodsupply,BorlaugwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1970.NorwegianofficialsnotifiedhiswifeinMexicoCityat4:

00a.m.,butBorlaughadalreadyleftforthetestfieldsintheTolucavalley,about65kmwestofMexicoCity.Achauffeur（司机）tookhertothefieldstoinformherhusband.Inhisacceptancespeech,Borlaugsaid,"thefirstessentialcomponentofsocialjusticeisadequatefoodforallmankind.Foodisthemoralrightofallwhoarebornintothisworld.Yet,50percentoftheworldpopulationgoeshungry."

GreenRevolutionvsEnvironmentalists

参考答案注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.NormanBorlaugwonaNobelPrizefor_______.

A）hisremarkableachievementsinplantgenetics

B）hisspectacularcontributiontosafeguardingworldpeace

C）hisgreatsuccessinraisingAfrica'sfoodproduction

D）hisenduringeffortsincombatingworldhunger

2.HowdidBorlaug'swheatprogrammegoduringhisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexico?

A）Itmetwithresistance. 

B）Itwaswellreceived. 

C）Itachievedunexpectedprogress.

D）Itsucceededthoughwithdifficulty.

3.WhatcharacterisedBorlaug'sPitic62andPenjamo62?

A）Superiorabilitytobreednewhigh-yieldingvarieties. 

B）Shortandstrongstemsandresistancetodiseases. 

C）Tallandthinstemsandextremelylargeseedheads.

D）Tendencytocollapseunderthe;weightofextragrain.

4.WhatinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromachievinglarge-scalesuccessinIndia?

A）Farmers'rejectionofhisplantingtechniques. 

B）Thepersistentdroughtthroughoutthecountry. 

C）Difficultyinimportinghigh-yieldingwheatseeds.

D）Thelocalgovernment'sslownessintakingaction.

5.AccordingtoUnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization,in40yearsbetween1961and2001India'sgrainproduction________.

A）almostdoubled 

B）wentupby8percent 

C）increasednearlythreetimes

D）rosefrom452millionto1billiontonnes

6.Borlaug'ssuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularasinIndiaorMexicobecause________.

A）thelocalfarmerswereuneducatedandconservative 

B）Africa'sclimateconditionswereverydifferent 

C）hisprojectinAfricawasnotproperlymanaged

D）Africalackcdthenecessarysupportingfacilities

7.WhatdidBorlaugemphasiseinhisNobelPrizeacceptancespccch?

A）Abundanceoffoodsupplywillcontributetoworldpeaceandstability.

B）TheGreenRevolutionwillprovideadequatefoodforallmankind.

C）Adequatefoodforallmankindisessentialinensuringsocialjustice.

D）WithouttheGreenRevolutionhalfoftheworldpopulationwouldstarve.

8.InrecentyearsBorlaug'sGreenRevolutionhas 

 __________.

9.InbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountriesthereareconcernswhetherinthelongrunBorlaug'sfarmingpracticeswillbe________.

10.InIndia,criticsattributethedestructionofIndiancropdiversityto_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

Sect