语法Word格式文档下载.docx
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-----Notyet.(言外之意书仍在我这里)
4.---_______you______(be)lateforclass?
---No,never.
5.______youever______(read)thestory?
比较:
1.)-----_________you_____(buy)acomputer?
-----Yes.
-----Whenandwhere________you______(buy)it?
-----InthecomputershoplastSunday.(注意:
when不能用于现在完成时)
2.)-----_______you_______(see)thefilm?
-----Yes.I______(see)itlastnight.
用法二。
表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去,常和一段时间连用。
时间状语:
since+起点;
since+从句;
for+段时间;
in/during/overthepast/lastfewyears,before,recently,thesedays,sofar(迄今为止),howlong等表示一段时间的时间状语,也可以和包括“现在”在内的(到说话时仍未结束)表示一段时间的状语连用。
如thismorning,today,thisweek,thesedays.
I___________(make)manynewfriendssincetwoyearsago.
I___________(make)manynewfriendsfortwoyears.
I___________(make)manynewfriendssinceIcamehere.
★在肯定句中,动词必须用延续性动词,否定句中可以用短暂动词。
Ihaven’tseenyoufortenyears.(√)
see是短暂动词,不能用于肯定句中,但可用于否定句中。
Thebushasleftfor10minutes.(×
)
Thebushasbeenawayfortenminutes.(√)
所以,在肯定句中,短暂动词不能和一段时间连用(短和段不连用),必须改成延续性动词。
Hehascomeback.(√)Hehascomebackfortwohours.(×
Hehasdied.(√)Hehasdiedfor10years.(×
常见的相应转换形式如下:
borrow/lend→keep,buy→have,finish/end→beover,arrive/come/go/move/reach/getto→bein/at/behere/bethere,begin/start→beon,open→beopen,close→beclosed,die→bedead,leave→beaway(from),gotoschool→beinschool/beastudent,getup→beup,fallasleep→beasleep,fallill→beill,gettoknow→know,lose→belost,become→be,return/comeback/getback→beback,join→bein/bea…member,jointhearmy→beinthearmy/beasoldier,receive/getaletter→havealetter,catch/getacold→haveacold,begintostudy→study,
他参军已有三年.
Hehasjoinedthearmyforthreeyears.(错)
改为:
1.Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.
2.Hehasbeenasoldierforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.
3.Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.
4.Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
5.Threeyearshaspassedsincehejoinedthearmy.
(1)Hecametoourvillagetwoyearsago.=Heourvillagesincetwoyearsago.
(2)Helefthomethreedaysago
=Hehomefor3days.
(3)Iboughtthewatch2weeksago.=Ithewatchsince2weeksago.
(4)Itis5dayssinceIborrowedthebook.
=Ithebookfor5days.
(5)Thefilmhasbegun=Thefilmforhalfanhour.
(6)Igottoknowhim10yearsago.=Ihimfor10years.
(7)Thereisafactory=Thereafactoryfor20years.
(8)Ourschoolopenedin1960.
=Ourschoolsince1960.
Test(Infiveminutes)
一.句形转换。
1.HecametoChinatwoyearsago.
He________________China___twoyearsago.
It___________years______he____toChina.
2.Wegottoknoweachotherin1995.
We__________oneanother_____1995.
3.ThemanjoinedthePartytenyearsago.
Theman________aParty___tenyearsago
Theman__________theParty__tenyears。
二.改错。
1.Ihaveboughtthepenfortwoyears.
2.Ihavebecomeamiddleschoolstudentforalmosttwoyears.
3.Thetrainhasleftfortenminutes.
4.Thetrainhasleftthestationfortenminutes.
5.Thefilmhasbegunfortenminutes.
6.Thefilmhasfinishedfortenminutes.
7.Ihavegotupforhalfanhour.
8.Mymotherhasgoneoutforanhour.
9.WehavebeguntolearnEnglishforayear.
10.IhavejoinedtheYoungPioneersforthreeyears.
11.Howlonghaveyouborrowedthemagazine?
12.HehasturnedtheTVonforanhour.
13.Hehasopenedthedoorsincehecamein.
14.Hehasclosedthedoorsinceheleft.
15.WehavearrivedinChinaforoneyear.
16.Mymotherhasfallenillfortwodays.
!
7.Wehavegottoknowfortenyears.
18.Howlonghaveyoucomehere?
19.I’msorrytohaveborrowedthebookforsomanydays.
20.Hehasbeguntoteachheresincetwoyearsago.
现在你懂了吗?
havegoneto…&
havebeento….的区别
1.havebeento和havegoneto的区别
havebeento强调“去过”,现已不在那里,如:
HehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.
他到美国去过三次。
(过去“到美国”,现在已“不在美国”)
havegoneto主要强调的是“去了”,现在人不在说话的现场,如:
--Where'
syourmother?
--你妈妈在哪?
--Shehasgonetothehospital.--她去医院了。
2.havebeento和havebeenin的区别
havebeento强调人“已回到原地”,后面可接表示“次数”的状语。
eg.①ShehasbeentoShanghaionlyonce.
②--Howmanytimeshashebeenthere?
--He'
sbeentheremanytimes.
havebeenin表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间,现仍在那里”,其后常带表示一段时间的状语。
eg.①Theyhavebeenatthebusstopforhalfanhour.
他们在车站呆了半小时。
(现在仍然在车站)
②WehavebeeninXi'
anfortwoweeks.
我们在西安呆了两个多星期。
(现仍在西安)
③HowlonghavetheybeeninChina?
他们在中国呆了多长时间了?
(仍在中国)
havegoneto…已经去。
。
(人此时不在此地,在途中或目的地,反正人不在这里)主语不用第一第二人称
havebeento…曾去过。
(人已经从某地回来)
havebeenin….+一段时间一直在某地(延续性)
havegoneto/havebeento,havecometo都是短暂性动词,不能和一段时间连用。
1.Where_____you____?
2.Whereisyourfather?
He______totheshop.
时态比较:
Whereisyourfather?
He____(wash)hiscarinthegarden.
3.Mybrother______Americafor2years.
4.Howmanytimes___you________Australia?
5.Howlong___you________Australia?
6.I_____________________Shanghaitwice.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时和现在完成时的动作都发生在过去,但意义却不同.
(1)一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在不发生关系。
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是现在。
如:
IlearnedtenEnglishsongs(说明过去学过,现在是否记得,不是本句的内容)
IhavelearnttenEnglishsongs.(learn发生在过去,但强调我现在懂英语歌曲)
Icleanedtheblackboardhalfanhourago.(只说明“擦”和其发生的时间)
Ihavecleanedtheblackboard.(说明现在黑板是干净的)
Theteacherhaswrittensomenewwordsontheblackboard(黑板上现在有单词)
Theteacherwrotesomenewwordsontheblackboard(黑板上现在没有单词)
因此,现在完成时强调现在的情况,而一般过去时强调过去的情况,与现在无关。
IlivedinBeijingin2000.只说明2000年住在北京,至于现在住哪儿,不知道。
IhavelivedinBeijingsince2000.说明现在我仍住在北京,有可能还住下去。
Ilostmykeysyesterday.现在钥匙找到没有,不知道。
Ihavelostmykeys.钥匙现在还没找到。
(2)一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
yesterday,lastyear,threedaysago,justnow,等。
现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,其时间状语可以是since…,for…,just,ever,never,before,already,yet,sofar,allone’slife等2.现在完成时一般没有明确的时间状语,而一般过去时一般有明确的具体的时间状语。
Mybookisgone.Who______(take)itaway?
Jack____(take)yourbookawayjustnow.
注意:
但有些语境中,过去时也没有时间状语,要特别注意。
Sorry,I________(notknow)you____(be)here.
Haven’tyouseenthesign’”Nosmoking”?
Sorry,I____(notsee)it.
现在完成时的语法练习
一、单选
1.----haveyoubeenhere,Daniel?
---Oh,forabouttwoyears.
A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howmuch
2.MissLihastaughtinUSA1999.
A.atB.onC.sinceD.of
3.TomhasmadelotsoffriendssincehetoChina.
A.hascomeB.comesC.cameD.come
4.---Nick,____you____mybook?
---Sorry,Ijustcamehere.
A.have,seenB.did,seeC.has,seenD.do,see
5.China____alotsince1978.
A.changedB.haschangedC.waschangedD.ischanging
6.Myparents____inNanjingforabouttwentyyears.
A.workedB.areworkingC.haveworkedD.work
7.Wehavebeenfriends_____.
A.fortwoyearsagoB.sincetwoyears
C.fortwoyearsD.intwoyearsago
8.They____thesamequestionsthreetimes.
A.askedB.areaskingC.haveaskedD.areasked
9.ThoseforeignfriendsleftforShanghai____.
A.sincelastweekB.aweekago
C.foraweekD.sinceaweekago
10.I_____atSunshineSecondarySchoolforabouttwoyears.
A.studiedB.havestudiedC.studyD.amstudying
11.—WhoisMary?
—____?
Isawyoutalkingwithheratthemeeting.
A.Don'
tyoumeetheryetB.Didn'
tyoumetheryet
C.Haven'
tyoumetheryetD.Hadn'
12.—HowdoyoulikeBeijing,MrBlack?
—Oh,I____suchabeautifulcity.
A.don'
tvisitB.didn'
tvisit
C.haven'
tvisitedD.hadn'
tvisited
13.Theoldpeople____lonelyatallsincewebegantovisitthemonceaweek.
tfeelB.hasn'
tfeltC.haven'
tfelt
D.didn'
tfeel
14.Wehavelivedhere____fiveyearsago.
A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.after
二、按要求改写句子
1.TheyhavewatchedHarryPottertwice.(改成否定句)
They___________________HarryPottertwice.
2.SimonhasdecidedtogotoBeijing.(改一般疑问句)
________Simon________togotoBeijing?
3.JoehasbeentoShanghaiforaweek.(对划线部分提问)
________________hasJoebeentoShanghai?
4.Maryhasfinishedthehomeworkforabouttwentyminutes.(改成同义句)
Mary_________herhomeworktwentyminutes________.
5.Bobhastaughtinourschoolsince2000.(改成同义句)
Bobhastaught__________________________.
6、Hehasalreadyfinishedhishomework.(改为否定句)
He_______finishedhishomework________.
7.Theyhavefoundthelostbooksalready.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
______they_______thelostbooks_______?
No,they________.
8.Juliahasnotgothomefromschoolyet.(改为肯定句)
Julia_____________________homefromschool.
9.YouhaveneverbeentoShanghaibefore,__________________?
(改为反意疑问句)
10.He’sgonetoBeijing,____________?
(改为反意疑问句)
11.MrWangbegantoteachEnglishinthisschoolin1999.(改为同义句)
MrWang__________________Englishinthisschoolsince1999.
12.Hehasn’tlefthomefor3days.(同义句)
He_________________homefor3days.
13.Theyhavelivedheresince3yearsago.(对划线提问)
三.
1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?
—No,I____itfortwoyears.
A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought
2.Hisgrandfather_____forovertwoyears.
A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.hasdeadD.died
3.UncleLicanspeakEnglishverywell