机械类文献翻译自动洗碗机的控制系统设计.docx

机械类文献翻译自动洗碗机的控制系统设计.docx

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机械类文献翻译自动洗碗机的控制系统设计

AutomaticdishwasherControlSystemDesign

Abstract:

Basedonthefunctionalrequirementsoftheautomaticdishwasher,introducedbySCMAT89LS8252andkeyboard/displaymanagementchipdesignedautomaticdishwasherHD7279Ahardwarecontrolsystemdesignmethods,usingHD7279isgivencontrolofthekeyboardanddisplayhardwarecircuit,whilethesystemisfunctionalsoftwaremodulesandsoftwareflowchart.Afterdebuggingtestofthesystem,whichcaneffectivelyachievethecontroldishwashercompleteautomaticwater,heating,cleaninganddisinfection,andotherfunctions.

自动洗碗机的控制系统设计

摘要：

基于自动洗碗机的功能要求，介绍了用单片机ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２和键盘／显示管理芯片ＨＤ７２７９Ａ设计的自动洗碗机的硬件控制系统的设计方法，给出了用ＨＤ７２７９控制键盘和显示的硬件电路，同时给出了系统软件和功能软件模块的流程图。

该系统经过试验调试，可有效地实现洗碗机的自动控制，完成自动进水、加温、清洗、消毒等功能。

关键词：

洗碗机；控制器；键盘／显示

    Keywords:

dishwashers;controller;keyboard/display

1Introduction

Asdigitalapplicationofinformationappliances,dishwashershavebroadaccesstomassesofpeopleinthefamily,sothatpeoplecanworkfromhomeinthecomplexgraduallyliberated.

１　引言

随着数字信息家用电器应用的普及，洗碗机已经广泛进入人民大众的家庭之中，从而使得人们能够从繁杂的家务劳动中逐步解放出来。

Asahomeautomationequipment,suchasdishwashersgenerallyneedtoachieveautomaticcontrolinfluent,automaticdetergent,coldwash,automatictemperaturewashing,cleaning,drainage,Disinfection,andthetimingandfaultalarmfunctions.Fromthepointofviewofcontrol,adishwasherusuallyneedtomeetFigure1showssomeofthespecificrequirements,whichinvolvestheswitchingofsignalstherearetwokindsofsensorsishigh,lowsignaldetection,suchasdoorsSwitch,thewaterlevelandtemperatureregulationfortheprotectionoftripswitches,etc.;anothersolid-staterelayswitchingcontrolsignalsbythestrengthofthesignalvoltagedisconnectandloading,suchaselectromagneticinletvalveopeningandclosing,openingandclosingtheheaterthermostat,andinstantlytheheatertocreateacontrolboxcleaningagentsanddisinfectantscontrolbox,andsoon.Figure1intheanalogsignalusedtoachievethefollowingmajoraspectsoffunctions:

（1）TemperatureSensortemperature/Xiaodaishuitemperaturedetection;

（2）throughtheman-machineinterfacedisplay,keyboardinputandoutput,suchasvoiceachievetemperature,washingprocessshowsthatthefaulttypeanddisplay;

（3）Accordingtouserneedsbysettingbuttontoselectwashingmode,andthroughfunctionkeyslaunch-relatedfunctional;

（4）theuseofstatisticalmachine,cleaningagentsandtheuseofdisinfectantsdosecounting;

（5）FailureAlarm,aswellas,washingcompletethereport.

作为一种家庭自动化设备，洗碗机一般需要实现诸如自动控制进水、自动加洗涤剂、冷洗、自动加温洗、清洗、排水、杀菌消毒，以及定时和故障报警等功能。

从被控制量角度出发，一个洗碗机通常需要满足图１所示的一些具体要求，其中涉及的开关量信号有两种，一种是传感器的高、低电平信号检测，如机门开关、水位高低、温度调节保护器和行程开关等；另一种开关信号经由固态继电器控制强弱电压信号的断开和加载，如进水电磁阀门的开合、恒温加热器的开合、瞬间加热器的开合、清洁剂控制盒和消毒剂控制盒的工作等。

图１中所涉及的模拟量信号主要用于实现以下几方面的功能：

（１）用温度传感器实现水温／消毒水温度检测；

（２）通过人机接口的显示输出、键盘输入和声音输出等实现水温显示、洗涤过程显示以及故障类型显示等；

（３）根据用户需要通过设置键选择洗涤模式，并通过功能键启动相关功能；

（４）机器使用情况统计、清洁剂和消毒剂剂量的使用情况计数等；

（５）故障报警以及、洗涤完成报告等。

2dishwasherscontrolsystemhardwaredesign

Toaddresstheabovefunctionandreliability,costandeaseofusefactorssuchasmaintenance,andtheauthorofthedesignshowninFigure2dishwasherscontrolsystem.

SCMsystemisthesmallestandMCS-51compatiblewiththeAT-MELcompanieslow-powerhigh-performanceCMOSchipdesignAT89LS8252,k-chip8-byteprogrammableflashmemorystoragesystemfortheprocedurestobeadoptedbytheSPIinterfacedownloadprograms;and2kbytesofEEPROMisusedtostorekeyparameters,suchasthebootpasswordmaintenance,productserialnumber,thenumberofboot,washingsettingparameters;256bytesofRAMusedtostoretemporaryvariables.

Inviewofthedishwashershavemoreoftheswitchingsignal,therefore,theuseofparalleldesignchips8255toexpandtheI/Ointerface,andtomeetsomeofP1andP3Ipintheuseofitsinputandoutputratioof21/14,whichbuzzerfromP1.3control.Fromthereliabilitypointofview,partoftheinputandoutputusingphotoelectricisolationmeasures.Considerthatpartofthedrivesignalrequiredbythelargerdrivecurrent,therefore,thedesignusespower-drivendevicesULN2803todrive.

Therearetwotemperatureacquisitionprogramme:

First,theuseofthermalresistancewithaMAX150chipADconverter,andthendepositedintheprogrammemoryintheformtoachievethecurrenttemperature;Second,theuseofthree-DS18B20temperaturesensorforacquisition,directaccesstothetemperaturedata.Incontrast,afterasimpleprogrammemoreeconomical.

LEDdisplayandkeyboarduseHD7279A3tocontrol,thecircuitshowninFigure3.HD7279AwithoutexternalcomponentscandirectlydriveatotalofeightvaginalLEDdigitalpipe;correspondingpinDIG0~0~3digitaloutputdriver;pinSA~SGandDPisaparagraphcorrespondingto~gandthedecimalpointdriveoutputcanbeindependentlycontrolledtodecode/decodingandattributessuchasblankingandscintillation.

２洗碗机控制系统的硬件设计

针对上述功能及可靠性、成本和方便使用维护等因素，笔者设计了图２所示的洗碗机控制系统。

单片机最小系统采用与ＭＣＳ－５１兼容的ＡＴ-ＭＥＬ公司低功耗高性能ＣＭＯＳ芯片ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２设计，其中片内８ｋ字节在线可编程闪存用以存放系统程序，可通过ＳＰＩ接口来下载程序；而２ｋ字节的ＥＥＰＲＯＭ则用以存放关键参数，如开机维护密码、产品的序列号、开机次数、洗涤设置参数等；２５６字节的ＲＡＭ用来存放临时变量。

鉴于本洗碗机有较多的开关量信号，故此，设计中使用并行芯片８２５５来扩展Ｉ／Ｏ接口，以配合Ｐ１和Ｐ３口部分管脚的使用，其输出和输入的比例为２１／１４，其中蜂鸣器由Ｐ１．３控制。

从可靠性角度出发，输入和输出部分都采用光电隔离措施。

考虑到部分驱动信号所要求的驱动电流较大，因此，本设计选用功率驱动器件ＵＬＮ２８０３来驱动。

温度采集有两种方案：

一是使用热敏电阻配合芯片ＭＡＸ１５０进行ＡＤ转换，然后通过存放在程序存储器里的表格来求得当前温度；二是使用三端温度传感器ＤＳ１８Ｂ２０进行采集，直接得到温度数据。

相比之下，后一种方案较为经济简捷。

键盘和ＬＥＤ显示选用ＨＤ７２７９Ａ３来进行控制，其电路图如图３所示。

ＨＤ７２７９Ａ无需外围元件即可直接驱动８位共阴式ＬＥＤ数码管；引脚ＤＩＧ０～３对应０～３位数字输出驱动；引脚ＳＡ～ＳＧ和ＤＰ则对应于段ａ～ｇ及小数点的驱动输出；各位可独立控制译码／不译码及消隐和闪烁等属性。

Thechiptherearethreetypesofinstruction:

Thefirstoneiswithoutsixoftheeightdata-orders,suchasreduction,testing,left/right（cycle）andtransposition;secondisthe7with16ordersdata,includingdownloadingdatabymeans0/1decoder,downloadnotdecoding,scintillation,blanking,paragraphlit,closed;thirdkeyboarddataisreadinstructions.SerialwaytheyareusedtocommunicatewithAT89LS8252,DATA-pinserialdatafromthechipintobytheCLK-synchronization.Whenthechip-selectsignalCSintolow,thedataonDATA-pinwillbeintheCLKpinattherisingedgeofthebufferHD7279Awaswrittenintotheregister.

Inaddition,thechipcontainsHD7279Atojittercircuitry,whichcanbecontrolled64keykeyboardmatrix.Figure2,componentsforthe4×4JKEYkeyboardinterface,whenakeyispressed,theoutputpinLOWKEY,LED1brightlight-emittingdiodes,thestatehasbeenkeytotherelease.Ifatthistimetoreceivethe"Readingkeyboard"commands15H,inthefirsthalfofthedirective,DATApinwillbeinahigh-impedancestatetoreceiveinstructionsfromthemicroprocessor.Inthelatterhalfofthedirective,theDATAinputpinsfromstatetostateoutputfortheoutputvalueofthecodebypressingthebutton.该芯片共有三种类型的指令：

第一种是６条不带数据的８位纯指令，如复位、测试、左／右（循环）移位等；第二种是７条１６位带数据指令，包括下载数据按方式０／１译码、下载不译码、闪烁、消隐、段点亮、关闭等；第三种是读取键盘数据指令。

它们均采用串行方式与ＡＴ８９ＬＳ８２５２进行通讯，串行数据从ＤＡＴＡ引脚送入芯片并由ＣＬＫ端同步。

当片选信号ＣＳ变为低电平后，ＤＡＴＡ引脚上的数据将在ＣＬＫ引脚的上升沿时被写入ＨＤ７２７９Ａ的缓冲寄存器。

此外，ＨＤ７２７９Ａ片内含有去抖动电路，可控制６４键键盘矩阵。

图３中，元件ＪＫＥＹ为４×４键盘接口，当有键按下时，ＫＥＹ引脚输出低电平，发光二极管ＬＥＤ１发亮，该状态一直保持到按键松开。

此时如果接收到“读键盘”指令１５Ｈ，在指令前半段，ＤＡＴＡ引脚将处于高阻状态以接受来自微处理器的指令。

而在指令后半段，ＤＡＴＡ引脚则从输入状态转为输出状态，用以输出所按下的键代码值。

3dishwasherControlSystemSoftwareDesign

Functionalmodulesofthesystembywashingprocesscanbedividedintosixstages:

influentprocess,processheating,cleaningagentsintotheprocess,controlmotorrotatingcleaningprocess,injectedXiaodaishuidisinfectionprocessandthedrainageprocess.Dishwasheratthesametimetoensurethatthenormalworkoftheprocessvulnerabletofailure,thesystemalsosetupafaultalarmorshutdownfeature.Dishwasherssystemsoftwareinaccordancewiththepreparationoftheworkprocesses.Themainsoftwaremoduleswithpower-onselftest,stateinitialization,displaythecurrentdefaultstate,thestateenteredthekeyboardscanbuttonandwaitforthepressoperation,aswellasoperatingunderthecorrespondingkeyintotheprocess,anditsmainprogramflowasshowninFigure3.

    Users,dishwashersstateshouldfirstcheckwhetheritisnormal,ifnormal,pressthepowerswitchweak,accordingtowashrequestedwashingmode（orusethedefaultmode）,Addtobowlcleaningroom,andthenclosethedoors,pressstartbutton.,Thecontrollerofwaterlevelandwatertemperature,todeterminewhetherthewatertemperatureandheating,bringingthepreparatoryworkcompleted,motorstartcleaning.Nextthencleaningagentintothewashingroom,highandlowleveldetectionatthesametime,ifthelowerwaterlevel,waterimmediately,inordertoensurecleaningeffect.Uponcompletionofcleaning,suchasabowlofwaterontheairafteraperiodoftime,dishwashertemperaturetobeinjectedXiaodaishuiweredisinfected.Uponcompletionofwashing,buzzercallthatwashingcompletedontimeandtheinitialcontrollersettingstousermode.Inthewashingprocessandthekeyswereeachcorrespondingtooneofthebrightlight-emittingdiodeseliminate,theprocessandtoindicatewhetherornotthenormalkeys.Washingcompleted,theuseropensdoors,removedishes,andthenpowertoendtheentirewashingprocess.

Inthesystemsoftwaresubroutine,theneedforkeyboard/displaymoduleforthemanagement,includingtheinitializationsubroutine,sentsubroutine,receivingsubroutine,interruptsubroutine,suchasdisplaysubroutine.Keyboardsettingsthroughwhichuserscanbesetwashingmodemodules,eachprocessandthelengthoftimewashingdose,andmayatanytimebythecorrespondingbuttonsuspendedorterminatedwashingprocess.Technicalmaintenancestaffthroughkeyboard/displaymoduleforenteringthecorrectpasswordtotheuseofmachi