表语从句详解.docx
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表语从句详解
表语从句详解之袁州冬雪创作
一、概念
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句.放在系动词之后,一般布局是主语+系动词+表语从句可以接表语从句的连络动词有be,look,remain,seem等.
可以接表语从句的系动词有:
1.be(being,been,am,is,are,was,were)
2. feel , seem , look, appear ,sound, taste , smell
3. stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay
4. become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run, fall
5. prove, turn out
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.坚苦是我们资金短缺.
ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不必栅栏的原因.
Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来.
引导表语从句的词:
从属连词that、whether、asthough、asif(That引导表语从句时,在白话中,间或可以省略.)
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等;
关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等.
由从属连词that,whether引导的表语从句.
that在引导表语从句时无词义,而whether有词义,意为、是否.这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词,如question(问题),trouble(费事),problem(问题),result(成果),chance(可以性),suggestion(建议),idea(想法),reason(来由)等.表语从句对主句主语停止说明、诠释,使主语的内容详细化.例如:
Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.费事的事是他丢了钱.
Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋.
Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了.
Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不克不及懂得越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣.
由关系代词引导的表语从句.
关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句,在句中作主语、宾语、表语,关系代词不克不及省略.例如:
Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪个应该去.
Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作.
That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担心的事.That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的.
由关系副词引导的表语从句.
关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起毗连作用外,在从句中还充当时间,地点,方式或原因状语,自己具有词义.例如:
Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来.就在你原来放的地方.
Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣,这是我们淋湿的原因.
Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每一年损害大量食粮的.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担心的.
由连词because,asif/asthough等引导的表语从句.
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好像要下雪了.
That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事.
Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好像他不知道答案.
注意
A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序.
False:
Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:
Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.
B.不成以用if,而用whether毗连表语从句(asif破例).引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether
位于句首时要用whether.引导表语从句,主语从句,同位语从句时要用whether.
False:
Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:
Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.
Right:
Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.
C.不像宾语从句,在有表语从句的复合句中,主句时态和从句时态可以纷歧致.
Right:
ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.
Right:
Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.
D.that在表语从句中不成以省掉.
基本用法
例如:
Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.
问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西.(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)
ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的.(what在表语从句中充当宾语)
WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好脚本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不克不及省略)
ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她测验不及格的原因.(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)
What I told him was that I would find him a good play. 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好脚本.(what在主语从句中作直接宾语,that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分,不克不及省略)
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的.(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她测验不及格的原因.(why 在表语从句中充当原因状语)
注意
That is why...是常常使用句型,意为这就是„„的原因/因此„„,其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语,该句型通常常使用于针对前面已经说明过的原因停止总结,又如:
That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne. 珍妮,这就是现在这个老妇人出现在你眼前的原因.(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得衰老憔悴深感诧异,说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后,用这一句来停止概括).
That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因.
下面是两个与That is why...形式相似的布局,它们与That is why...布局之间的关系要可以辨析清楚:
(1)That is why...与That is the reason why...同义,只不过从语法布局上讲,That is the reason why...中why引导的是—个定语从句,将其中的the reason去掉则与That is why...布局一样,例如:
That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不克不及同意的来由.
(2)That is because...句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语,这也是个常常使用句型,意为这就是为什么„„/因为„„.That is because...与That is why...之间的分歧在于That is because...指原因或来由,That is why...则指由于各种原因所造成的后果,例如:
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影,那是因为他得帮忙他的mm做作业.(第一句话说明成果,第二句话说明原因)
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影,因此他昨天晚上没有去看.(第一句话说明原因,第二句话说明成果)
表语从句与宾语从句的关系
宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句.其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同.故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句,充当表语的句子叫表语从句.
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序:
从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即主语 + 谓语这种形式.
②时态:
当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去停止时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时).
③毗连词:
当从句意思完整, 主句意思必定时, 毗连词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常常使用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 毗连词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.
如:
What the police want to know is when you entered red the room差人想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.
The trouble is that we are short of funds坚苦是我们缺乏资金. This is what we should do这是我们应当做的.
注意:
从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序. as if, as though, because也可用来引导表语从句.
She seems as if she had done a great is because you eat too much是因为你吃得太多了.
单项选择
1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether
2.Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof
3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere
4.Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
A.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget
6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what
8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger. A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough
9.—Ifellsick!
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because
10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingill
C.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill
11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how
12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why
13._______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.
A.What;howareyouB.That;howyouareC.How;thatyouareD.What;howyouare
14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat
15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalledIndiabyColumbus.
A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere
16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.
A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe
17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what
18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such
19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where
20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.
A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show
21.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?
Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?
---Oh,that’s_____.
A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedabout
C.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited
23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
句子翻译
___________________________________________________________________________________
2.这房子正是他最需要的东西. _________________________________________________________________________
怎样处理问题的 ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
6.他迟到的原因是交通拥堵. _____________________________________________________________________________
8. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _____________________________________________ . (disagree) 你一直说每一个人应该是平等的这就是我分歧意之处.
coat is still _______________________________________________ . (where) 你的外套仍然在你放的地方.
had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That is _________________________________________ through. (get) 我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞.这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因.
11. It sounds ____________________________________________________ the door.(as if) 听起来好像或人正在敲门.
12. It seems ______________________________ interested in Henry. (become) 好像伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣.
last time we had great fun was _____________________________________________________ the Water Park.(visit) 上一次我们玩得很高兴的时候是我们正在观赏水族公园的时候.
that/what的区别
1._______your father wants to know is________ getting on with your studies.
A. What; how are you B. That;how you are C. How;that you are D. What;how you are
2. The trouble is__________we are short of tools. A. what B. that C. how D. why that
3. America was __________was first called India by Columbus. A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_________ .
A. what it used to be B. what it was used to being C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
5. ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … what C. What … what D. That … what
6. The energy is ________ makes the cells able to do their work. A. that B. which C. what D. such
系动词分类:
一、根据系动词后所跟布局,我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类:
完全系动词(其后只能跟表语的动词,如be, seem)和半系动词(其后既可