初一英语上语法归纳成都中和中学在线.doc

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初一英语上语法归纳成都中和中学在线.doc

初一英语(上)语法归纳

一、名词:

可数名词/不可数名词

1.可数名词单数变复数规则:

①一般的+seg:

booksdesksbags;

②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的+es,egbusesboxeswatches;

③以辅着加y结尾的变y为i+es,egdictionarystrawberrycomedydocumentary;

④以o结尾的名词除tomatoes外其余加s.

2.不可数名词:

broccoli,icecream,chicken,salad,water,milk,rice,Yuan,money,furniture,milk,bread

3.名词的所有格‘表…的’

①一般名词直接加’s,eg:

Tom’sclothes;

②以s结尾的复数名词直接’eg:

theboys’soccer;

③两个共有的某一物只在后一名词后加’seg:

LucyandLily’sroom;

④两个分别所有的则要在名词后分别加’seg:

Tom’sandJerry’sbooks;

4.可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语

①some(一些)alotof=lotsof(许多)后即可加可数也可加不可数名词;

②many许多+可数名词的复数形式;

③much许多+不可数名词;

5.句子单数变复数:

I→Wehe/she/it→theythis→thesethat→thoseis/am→are

a→somen单→n复V三单→V原

Practice:

1

(1)一些手表

(2)许多草莓 (3)许多花椰菜

(4)一些记录片 (5)Lily的妈妈 (6)这些男孩子们的书包

(7)Lucy和她姐姐的房间 (8)Mike的和Bob的笔 (9)我们的笔

(10)他们的名字 (11)你的全家照 (12)我的年龄

(13)她最喜欢的书 (14)两个西红柿 (15)三张照片

2.将下列句子进行单复句转换:

①Thisisaneraser.____________________________________________________________

②Heisaboy.________________________________________________________________

③Thegirllikescomedies.______________________________________________________

④That’sTom’sT-shirt._________________________________________________________

⑤Thesearesometomatoes._____________________________________________________

⑥Dotheyhaveeggsforbreakfast?

_______________________________________________

⑦WeareChinese._____________________________________________________________

⑧Shelikesactionmovies._______________________________________________________

二、冠词的用法(a/an/the)

1.在元音发音的可数名词前用an,其余用aeg:

anA/E/I/O/R/H/F/L/M/N/S/X/oange/apple/eraser/egg/uncle/aunt/orange/sweater/Englishbook/artclass/actoractress/actionmovie/opera/IDcard

2.在音乐器具前必须加“the”eg:

playtheguitar/thepiano/thedrums

3.在球类、棋类和一日三餐前则不加冠词eg:

playchess/basketball/eatbreakfast/lunch/dinner

三、一般现在时

1.谓语为be.

(1)be(isamare)的用法

I→amyou/they/these/those/复数名词→arehe/sheit→is(this/that/单)

Practice:

用be的适当形式填空

(1)I____astudent;

(2)TomandI_____boys; (3)This_____mybook;

(4)TheirQQnumbers_____8314and8201; (5)These______mypens;

(6)______sheyourmother?

Yes,she_____; (7)Herfavoritecolor____blue;

(8)______youLily?

No,______not;

(9)How_____theytoday?

—They_____OKandmyuncle_____fine,too.

(10)Lucy’sfamily_____athomethisevening; (11)Theboy’steeth_____nice.

(12)People______friendlyinChina.

2.谓语为can+V原形,can无人称和数的变化

3.谓语为行为动词(play,like,watch,do,go,run,sing,dance…)

(1)当主语为三单时,谓语动词也要变成相应的三单式,规则如下:

①一般的动词直接在词尾+S,eg:

helpslikes

②以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾的动词加es,eg:

teacheswatchesbrushesgoesdoes

③以辅音字母+y结尾的则变y为i+es,eg:

studystudies

(2)当主语不为三人称单数时,谓语则用动词原形。

三人称单数形式即:

he,sheit,Tom等人名;his/her/their/my/our/your+单数名词eg:

my,cat,myfather,theirbookect

Practice:

①Jimusually________(watch)TVonSundays.ButTomandTim________(notwatch)TVatall.

②Scott___________(work)forlonghours.He___________(brush)his___________(tooth)at17:

15.thenhe___________(have)ashower.

③Ioften___________(do)homeworkintheevening.Butmybrotheroften___________hishomeworkintheafternoon.I___________(go)toschoolat7:

00,buthe___________(go)toschoolat8:

00.

④Myparents___________(like)___________(banana)Theyalsolike___________(eat)bananasfordessert.

⑤Tom___________(like)___________(play)soccer,Let’s___________(play)soccerwith___________(he).

⑥I___________(want)___________(be)a___________(run),Mysister___________(want)___________(watch)a___________(run)game,she___________(want)___________(join)the___________(swim)club.

4.一般现在时的一般疑问句和否定句的变法

[1]陈述句变否定句,①直接在be(is/am/are)can后加not

②句中无be和can则在主语和谓语之间加don’t/doesn’t…V;主语+don’t…V…;主语(三单)+doesn’t…V;③句中some→anyand→or

[2]陈述句变一般疑问句,①句中有be和can的就直接把be动词式情态动词can提前(note:

Iam→areyou;are/my→your)

②句中无be或can则需在句首加Do、does(Do+主语+V+…;Does+主三单+V复+…)

③要注意把一人称→二人称,some→any;④回答时要注意与问句保持一致

Practice:

(1)I’mastudent.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(2)HeisLily’sbrother.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(3)Theyaremyparentsandmygrandparents.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(4)ThesearesomeEnglishbooks.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(5)Icanplaytheguitar.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(6)Tomcanplaychess.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(7)Wehavesomevolleyballsandbasketballs.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(8)Lilylikeshamburgersforbreakfast.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(9)Studentsusuallydohomeworkintheevening.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(10)TheboydoessportsonSundaymorning.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

(11)ScotttakesNO.17bustoahotel.(变否定句和一般疑问句)

四、特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)

1.What(对名词、人名、电话号码、动词和动词短语提问);2.Whatcolor对颜色;3.Whatkindofmovies(对电影提问);4.Whatsubject(对学科);5.Whattime(对时间点提问);6.When(对时间或时间点);7.对形容词提问用How,如fine、OK等;8.Howold(对年龄);9.Howmuch(对价钱);10.对数字及可数名词的量提问用Howmany+可数名词的复数;11.对地点提问用Where;12.对because…提问用Why;13.对星期提问用Whatday;14.对日期用What’sthedate

Practice:

(对划线部分提问)

(1)MynameisLiXue.________________________________________________________

(2)Theman’sphonenumberis85690101._________________________________________

(3)Thesearesomeorangeoranges._______________________________________________

(4)Theorangesareorange.______________________________________________________

(5)Theboydoeshomeworkathome.______________________________________________

(6)Hecanplaysoccer.__________________________________________________________

(7)Mypantsareblue.__________________________________________________________

(8)It’sseven-thirtyYuan.________________________________________________________

(9)Tomgetsupat6:

00._________________________________________________________

(10)Ilikeactionmovies.________________________________________________________

(11)MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.________________________________________________

(12)TheyhavemathandChineseonMonday.(两个句子)______________________________

(13)I’mfine._________________________________________________________________

(14)HeisOK.________________________________________________________________

(15)Iusuallyeatdinnerintheevening.____________________________________________

(16)Myfatherisforty._________________________________________________________

(17)Mysweateris25._________________________________________________________

(18)Ihaveaneraser.__________________________________________________________

(19)Thewindowsareinthewall.________________________________________________

(20)Ilikemathbecauseit’sdifficultbutinteresting.__________________________________

(21)Mybooksareinthedrawer._________________________________________________

(22)Peopleeatbreakfastinthemorning._________________________________________

(23)It’sDecember11th._______________________________________________________

(24)TodayisWednesday._____________________________________________________

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