初一英语上语法归纳成都中和中学在线.doc
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初一英语(上)语法归纳
一、名词:
可数名词/不可数名词
1.可数名词单数变复数规则:
①一般的+seg:
booksdesksbags;
②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的+es,egbusesboxeswatches;
③以辅着加y结尾的变y为i+es,egdictionarystrawberrycomedydocumentary;
④以o结尾的名词除tomatoes外其余加s.
2.不可数名词:
broccoli,icecream,chicken,salad,water,milk,rice,Yuan,money,furniture,milk,bread
3.名词的所有格‘表…的’
①一般名词直接加’s,eg:
Tom’sclothes;
②以s结尾的复数名词直接’eg:
theboys’soccer;
③两个共有的某一物只在后一名词后加’seg:
LucyandLily’sroom;
④两个分别所有的则要在名词后分别加’seg:
Tom’sandJerry’sbooks;
4.可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语
①some(一些)alotof=lotsof(许多)后即可加可数也可加不可数名词;
②many许多+可数名词的复数形式;
③much许多+不可数名词;
5.句子单数变复数:
I→Wehe/she/it→theythis→thesethat→thoseis/am→are
a→somen单→n复V三单→V原
Practice:
1
(1)一些手表
(2)许多草莓 (3)许多花椰菜
(4)一些记录片 (5)Lily的妈妈 (6)这些男孩子们的书包
(7)Lucy和她姐姐的房间 (8)Mike的和Bob的笔 (9)我们的笔
(10)他们的名字 (11)你的全家照 (12)我的年龄
(13)她最喜欢的书 (14)两个西红柿 (15)三张照片
2.将下列句子进行单复句转换:
①Thisisaneraser.____________________________________________________________
②Heisaboy.________________________________________________________________
③Thegirllikescomedies.______________________________________________________
④That’sTom’sT-shirt._________________________________________________________
⑤Thesearesometomatoes._____________________________________________________
⑥Dotheyhaveeggsforbreakfast?
_______________________________________________
⑦WeareChinese._____________________________________________________________
⑧Shelikesactionmovies._______________________________________________________
二、冠词的用法(a/an/the)
1.在元音发音的可数名词前用an,其余用aeg:
anA/E/I/O/R/H/F/L/M/N/S/X/oange/apple/eraser/egg/uncle/aunt/orange/sweater/Englishbook/artclass/actoractress/actionmovie/opera/IDcard
2.在音乐器具前必须加“the”eg:
playtheguitar/thepiano/thedrums
3.在球类、棋类和一日三餐前则不加冠词eg:
playchess/basketball/eatbreakfast/lunch/dinner
三、一般现在时
1.谓语为be.
(1)be(isamare)的用法
I→amyou/they/these/those/复数名词→arehe/sheit→is(this/that/单)
Practice:
用be的适当形式填空
(1)I____astudent;
(2)TomandI_____boys; (3)This_____mybook;
(4)TheirQQnumbers_____8314and8201; (5)These______mypens;
(6)______sheyourmother?
Yes,she_____; (7)Herfavoritecolor____blue;
(8)______youLily?
No,______not;
(9)How_____theytoday?
—They_____OKandmyuncle_____fine,too.
(10)Lucy’sfamily_____athomethisevening; (11)Theboy’steeth_____nice.
(12)People______friendlyinChina.
2.谓语为can+V原形,can无人称和数的变化
3.谓语为行为动词(play,like,watch,do,go,run,sing,dance…)
(1)当主语为三单时,谓语动词也要变成相应的三单式,规则如下:
①一般的动词直接在词尾+S,eg:
helpslikes
②以s、x、ch、sh、o结尾的动词加es,eg:
teacheswatchesbrushesgoesdoes
③以辅音字母+y结尾的则变y为i+es,eg:
studystudies
(2)当主语不为三人称单数时,谓语则用动词原形。
三人称单数形式即:
he,sheit,Tom等人名;his/her/their/my/our/your+单数名词eg:
my,cat,myfather,theirbookect
Practice:
①Jimusually________(watch)TVonSundays.ButTomandTim________(notwatch)TVatall.
②Scott___________(work)forlonghours.He___________(brush)his___________(tooth)at17:
15.thenhe___________(have)ashower.
③Ioften___________(do)homeworkintheevening.Butmybrotheroften___________hishomeworkintheafternoon.I___________(go)toschoolat7:
00,buthe___________(go)toschoolat8:
00.
④Myparents___________(like)___________(banana)Theyalsolike___________(eat)bananasfordessert.
⑤Tom___________(like)___________(play)soccer,Let’s___________(play)soccerwith___________(he).
⑥I___________(want)___________(be)a___________(run),Mysister___________(want)___________(watch)a___________(run)game,she___________(want)___________(join)the___________(swim)club.
4.一般现在时的一般疑问句和否定句的变法
[1]陈述句变否定句,①直接在be(is/am/are)can后加not
②句中无be和can则在主语和谓语之间加don’t/doesn’t…V;主语+don’t…V…;主语(三单)+doesn’t…V;③句中some→anyand→or
[2]陈述句变一般疑问句,①句中有be和can的就直接把be动词式情态动词can提前(note:
Iam→areyou;are/my→your)
②句中无be或can则需在句首加Do、does(Do+主语+V+…;Does+主三单+V复+…)
③要注意把一人称→二人称,some→any;④回答时要注意与问句保持一致
Practice:
(1)I’mastudent.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(2)HeisLily’sbrother.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(3)Theyaremyparentsandmygrandparents.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(4)ThesearesomeEnglishbooks.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(5)Icanplaytheguitar.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(6)Tomcanplaychess.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(7)Wehavesomevolleyballsandbasketballs.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(8)Lilylikeshamburgersforbreakfast.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(9)Studentsusuallydohomeworkintheevening.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(10)TheboydoessportsonSundaymorning.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
(11)ScotttakesNO.17bustoahotel.(变否定句和一般疑问句)
四、特殊疑问句(特殊疑问词+一般疑问句)
1.What(对名词、人名、电话号码、动词和动词短语提问);2.Whatcolor对颜色;3.Whatkindofmovies(对电影提问);4.Whatsubject(对学科);5.Whattime(对时间点提问);6.When(对时间或时间点);7.对形容词提问用How,如fine、OK等;8.Howold(对年龄);9.Howmuch(对价钱);10.对数字及可数名词的量提问用Howmany+可数名词的复数;11.对地点提问用Where;12.对because…提问用Why;13.对星期提问用Whatday;14.对日期用What’sthedate
Practice:
(对划线部分提问)
(1)MynameisLiXue.________________________________________________________
(2)Theman’sphonenumberis85690101._________________________________________
(3)Thesearesomeorangeoranges._______________________________________________
(4)Theorangesareorange.______________________________________________________
(5)Theboydoeshomeworkathome.______________________________________________
(6)Hecanplaysoccer.__________________________________________________________
(7)Mypantsareblue.__________________________________________________________
(8)It’sseven-thirtyYuan.________________________________________________________
(9)Tomgetsupat6:
00._________________________________________________________
(10)Ilikeactionmovies.________________________________________________________
(11)MyfavoritesubjectisEnglish.________________________________________________
(12)TheyhavemathandChineseonMonday.(两个句子)______________________________
(13)I’mfine._________________________________________________________________
(14)HeisOK.________________________________________________________________
(15)Iusuallyeatdinnerintheevening.____________________________________________
(16)Myfatherisforty._________________________________________________________
(17)Mysweateris25._________________________________________________________
(18)Ihaveaneraser.__________________________________________________________
(19)Thewindowsareinthewall.________________________________________________
(20)Ilikemathbecauseit’sdifficultbutinteresting.__________________________________
(21)Mybooksareinthedrawer._________________________________________________
(22)Peopleeatbreakfastinthemorning._________________________________________
(23)It’sDecember11th._______________________________________________________
(24)TodayisWednesday._____________________________________________________