国际经济学作业答案-第六章Word格式.doc

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国际经济学作业答案-第六章Word格式.doc

(c) risesastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.

(d) fallsastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.

D

3. Externaleconomiesofscale

(a) maybeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.

(b) cannotbeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.

(c) tendstoresultinonehugemonopoly.

(d) tendstoresultinlargeprofitsforeachfirm.

A

4. Internaleconomiesofscale

(c) areassociatedonlywithsophisticatedproductssuchasaircraft.

(d) cannotformthebasisforinternationaltrade.

5. Amonopolisticfirm

(a) cansellasmuchasitwantsforanypriceitdeterminesinthemarket.

(b) cannotdeterminetheprice,whichisdeterminedbyconsumerdemand.

(c) willneversellaproductwhosedemandisinelasticatthequantitysold.

(d) cannotselladditionalquantityunlessitraisesthepriceoneachunit.

C

6. Monopolisticcompetitionisassociatedwith

(a) cut-throatpricecompetition.

(b) productdifferentiation.

(c) explicitconsiderationatfirmlevelofthefeedbackeffectsofotherfirms’pricingdecisions.

(d) highprofitmargins.

7. Themostcommonmarketstructureis

(a) perfectcompetition.

(b) monopolisticcompetition.

(c) small-groupoligopoly.

(d) perfectlyverticalintegration.

8. Modelingtradeinmonopolisticindustriesisproblematicbecause

(a) thereisnoonegenerallyacceptedmodelofoligopolybehavior.

(b) therearenomodelsofoligopolybehavior.

(c) itisdifficulttofindanoligopolyintherealworld.

(d) collusionamongoligopolistsmakesusabledatarare.

9. Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,thescaleofproductionpossibleinacountryisconstrainedby

(a) thesizeofthecountry.

(b) thesizeofthetradingpartner’scountry.

(c) thesizeofthedomesticmarket.

(d) thesizeofthedomesticplustheforeignmarket.

10. Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,anincreaseinthesizeofthemarketwill

(a) increasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.

(b) decreasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.

(c) increasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.

(d) decreasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.

11. ThesimultaneousexportandimportofwidgetsbytheUnitedStatesisanexampleof

(a) increasingreturnstoscale.

(b) imperfectcompetition.

(c) intra-industrytrade.

(d) inter-industrytrade.

12. Ifoutputmorethandoubleswhenallinputsaredoubled,productionissaidtooccurunderconditionsof

13. Intra-industrytradecanbeexplainedinpartby

(a) transportationcostswithinandbetweencountries.

(b) problemsofdataaggregationandcategorization.

(c) increasingreturnstoscale.

(d) Alloftheabove.

14. Ifsomeindustriesexhibitinternal(firmspecific)increasingreturnstoscaleineachcountry,weshouldnotexpecttosee

(a) intra-industrytradebetweencountries.

(b) perfectcompetitionintheseindustries.

(c) inter-industrytradebetweencountries.

(d) highlevelsofspecializationinbothcountries.

15. Intra-industrytradeismostcommoninthetradepatternsof

(a) developingcountriesofAsiaandAfrica.

(b) industrialcountriesofWesternEurope.

(c) allcountries.

(d) North-Southtrade.

16. Internationaltradebasedonscaleeconomiesislikelytobeassociatedwith

(a) Ricardiancomparativeadvantage.

(b) comparativeadvantageassociatedwithHeckscher-Ohlinfactor-proportions.

(c) comparativeadvantagebasedonqualityandservice.

(d) comparativeadvantagebasedondiminishingreturns.

E

17. Internationaltradebasedonexternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedout

bya

(a) relativelylargenumberofpricecompetingfirms.

(b) relativelysmallnumberofpricecompetingfirms.

(c) relativelysmallnumberofcompetingoligopolists.

(d) monopolyfirmsineachcountry/industry.

18. Internationaltradebasedsolelyoninternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedoutbya

19. Amonopolyfirmengagedininternationaltradewill

(a) equateaveragetolocalcosts.

(b) equatemarginalcostswithforeignmarginalrevenues.

(c) equatemarginalcostswiththehighestpricethemarketwillbear.

(d) equatemarginalcostswithmarginalrevenuesinbothdomesticandinforeignmarkets.

20. Amonopolyfirmwillmaximizeprofitsby

(a) chargingthesamepriceindomesticandinforeignmarkets.

(b) producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinforeignmarkets.

(c) producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinthedomesticmarket.

(d) equatingthemarginalrevenuesindomesticandforeignmarkets.

21. Afirminmonopolisticcompetition

(a) earnspositivemonopolyprofitsbecauseeachsellsadifferentiatedproduct.

(b) earnspositiveoligopolyprofitsbecauseeachfirmsellsadifferentiatedproduct.

(c) earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseitisinperfectlyorpurecompetition.

(d) earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseoffreeentry.

22. Thelargerthenumberoffirmsinamonopolisticcompetitionsituation,

(a) thelargerarethatcountry’sexports.

(b) thehigheristhepricecharged.

(c) thefewervarietiesaresold.

(d) theloweristhepricecharged.

23. Themonopolisticcompetitionmodelisoneinwhichthereis/are

(a) amonopoly.

(b) perfectcompetition.

(c) economiesofscale.

(d) governmentinterventioninthemarket.

24. Inindustriesinwhichtherearescaleeconomies,thevarietyofgoodsthatacountrycanproduceisconstrainedby

(a) thesizeofthelaborforce.

(b) anti-trustlegislation.

(c) thesizeofthemarket.

(d) thefixedcost.

25. Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomies,andexistsintwocountries.Shouldthesetwocountriesengageintradesuchthatthecombinedmarketissuppliedbyonecountry’sindustry,then

(a) consumersinbothcountrieswouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.

(b) consumersintheimportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.

(c) consumersintheexportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.

(d) consumersinbothcountrieswouldenjoyfewervarietiesavailablebutlowerprices.

26. Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomiesandexistsintwocountries.Inorderforconsumersofitsproductstoenjoybothlowerpricesandmorevarietyofchoice,

(a) eachcountry’smarginalcostmustequalthatoftheothercountry.

(b) themarginalcostofthisindustrymustequalmarginalrevenueintheother.

(c) themonopolymustlowerpricesinordertosellmore.

(d) thetwocountriesmustengageininternationaltradeonewiththeother.

27. Aproductisproducedinamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustrywithscaleeconomies.Ifthisindustryexistsintwocountries,andthesetwocountriesengageintradeonewiththeother,thenwewouldexpect

(a) thecountryinwhichthepriceoftheproductislowerwillexporttheproduct.

(b) thecountrywitharelativeabundanceofthefactorofproductioninwhichproductionoftheproductisintensivewillexportthisproduct.

(c) eachofthecountrieswillexportdifferentvarietiesoftheproducttotheother.

(d) neithercountrywillexportthisproductsincethereisnocomparativeadvantage.

28. Thereasonwhyonecountrymayexportaproductwhichisproducedwithpositivescale

economiesis

(a) itslaborproductivitywilltendtobehigher.

(b) itenjoysarelativeabundanceofthefactorintenselyusedintheproduct’sproduction.

(c) itsdemandisbiasedinfavoroftheproduct.

(d) itsdemandisbiasedagainsttheproduct.

29. Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithnoscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofperfectcompetition,arelikelytobeengagedin

(a) monopolisticcompetition.

(b) inter-industrytrade.

(d) Heckscher-Ohlintrade.

30. Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofmonop

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