国际经济学作业答案-第六章Word格式.doc
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(c) risesastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.
(d) fallsastheaveragefirmgrowslarger.
D
3. Externaleconomiesofscale
(a) maybeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.
(b) cannotbeassociatedwithaperfectlycompetitiveindustry.
(c) tendstoresultinonehugemonopoly.
(d) tendstoresultinlargeprofitsforeachfirm.
A
4. Internaleconomiesofscale
(c) areassociatedonlywithsophisticatedproductssuchasaircraft.
(d) cannotformthebasisforinternationaltrade.
5. Amonopolisticfirm
(a) cansellasmuchasitwantsforanypriceitdeterminesinthemarket.
(b) cannotdeterminetheprice,whichisdeterminedbyconsumerdemand.
(c) willneversellaproductwhosedemandisinelasticatthequantitysold.
(d) cannotselladditionalquantityunlessitraisesthepriceoneachunit.
C
6. Monopolisticcompetitionisassociatedwith
(a) cut-throatpricecompetition.
(b) productdifferentiation.
(c) explicitconsiderationatfirmlevelofthefeedbackeffectsofotherfirms’pricingdecisions.
(d) highprofitmargins.
7. Themostcommonmarketstructureis
(a) perfectcompetition.
(b) monopolisticcompetition.
(c) small-groupoligopoly.
(d) perfectlyverticalintegration.
8. Modelingtradeinmonopolisticindustriesisproblematicbecause
(a) thereisnoonegenerallyacceptedmodelofoligopolybehavior.
(b) therearenomodelsofoligopolybehavior.
(c) itisdifficulttofindanoligopolyintherealworld.
(d) collusionamongoligopolistsmakesusabledatarare.
9. Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,thescaleofproductionpossibleinacountryisconstrainedby
(a) thesizeofthecountry.
(b) thesizeofthetradingpartner’scountry.
(c) thesizeofthedomesticmarket.
(d) thesizeofthedomesticplustheforeignmarket.
10. Wherethereareeconomiesofscale,anincreaseinthesizeofthemarketwill
(a) increasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.
(b) decreasethenumberoffirmsandraisethepriceperunit.
(c) increasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.
(d) decreasethenumberoffirmsandlowerthepriceperunit.
11. ThesimultaneousexportandimportofwidgetsbytheUnitedStatesisanexampleof
(a) increasingreturnstoscale.
(b) imperfectcompetition.
(c) intra-industrytrade.
(d) inter-industrytrade.
12. Ifoutputmorethandoubleswhenallinputsaredoubled,productionissaidtooccurunderconditionsof
13. Intra-industrytradecanbeexplainedinpartby
(a) transportationcostswithinandbetweencountries.
(b) problemsofdataaggregationandcategorization.
(c) increasingreturnstoscale.
(d) Alloftheabove.
14. Ifsomeindustriesexhibitinternal(firmspecific)increasingreturnstoscaleineachcountry,weshouldnotexpecttosee
(a) intra-industrytradebetweencountries.
(b) perfectcompetitionintheseindustries.
(c) inter-industrytradebetweencountries.
(d) highlevelsofspecializationinbothcountries.
15. Intra-industrytradeismostcommoninthetradepatternsof
(a) developingcountriesofAsiaandAfrica.
(b) industrialcountriesofWesternEurope.
(c) allcountries.
(d) North-Southtrade.
16. Internationaltradebasedonscaleeconomiesislikelytobeassociatedwith
(a) Ricardiancomparativeadvantage.
(b) comparativeadvantageassociatedwithHeckscher-Ohlinfactor-proportions.
(c) comparativeadvantagebasedonqualityandservice.
(d) comparativeadvantagebasedondiminishingreturns.
E
17. Internationaltradebasedonexternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedout
bya
(a) relativelylargenumberofpricecompetingfirms.
(b) relativelysmallnumberofpricecompetingfirms.
(c) relativelysmallnumberofcompetingoligopolists.
(d) monopolyfirmsineachcountry/industry.
18. Internationaltradebasedsolelyoninternalscaleeconomiesinbothcountriesislikelytobecarriedoutbya
19. Amonopolyfirmengagedininternationaltradewill
(a) equateaveragetolocalcosts.
(b) equatemarginalcostswithforeignmarginalrevenues.
(c) equatemarginalcostswiththehighestpricethemarketwillbear.
(d) equatemarginalcostswithmarginalrevenuesinbothdomesticandinforeignmarkets.
20. Amonopolyfirmwillmaximizeprofitsby
(a) chargingthesamepriceindomesticandinforeignmarkets.
(b) producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinforeignmarkets.
(c) producingwherethemarginalrevenueishigherinthedomesticmarket.
(d) equatingthemarginalrevenuesindomesticandforeignmarkets.
21. Afirminmonopolisticcompetition
(a) earnspositivemonopolyprofitsbecauseeachsellsadifferentiatedproduct.
(b) earnspositiveoligopolyprofitsbecauseeachfirmsellsadifferentiatedproduct.
(c) earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseitisinperfectlyorpurecompetition.
(d) earnszeroeconomicprofitsbecauseoffreeentry.
22. Thelargerthenumberoffirmsinamonopolisticcompetitionsituation,
(a) thelargerarethatcountry’sexports.
(b) thehigheristhepricecharged.
(c) thefewervarietiesaresold.
(d) theloweristhepricecharged.
23. Themonopolisticcompetitionmodelisoneinwhichthereis/are
(a) amonopoly.
(b) perfectcompetition.
(c) economiesofscale.
(d) governmentinterventioninthemarket.
24. Inindustriesinwhichtherearescaleeconomies,thevarietyofgoodsthatacountrycanproduceisconstrainedby
(a) thesizeofthelaborforce.
(b) anti-trustlegislation.
(c) thesizeofthemarket.
(d) thefixedcost.
25. Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomies,andexistsintwocountries.Shouldthesetwocountriesengageintradesuchthatthecombinedmarketissuppliedbyonecountry’sindustry,then
(a) consumersinbothcountrieswouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(b) consumersintheimportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(c) consumersintheexportingcountrywouldsufferhigherpricesandfewervarieties.
(d) consumersinbothcountrieswouldenjoyfewervarietiesavailablebutlowerprices.
26. Anindustryischaracterizedbyscaleeconomiesandexistsintwocountries.Inorderforconsumersofitsproductstoenjoybothlowerpricesandmorevarietyofchoice,
(a) eachcountry’smarginalcostmustequalthatoftheothercountry.
(b) themarginalcostofthisindustrymustequalmarginalrevenueintheother.
(c) themonopolymustlowerpricesinordertosellmore.
(d) thetwocountriesmustengageininternationaltradeonewiththeother.
27. Aproductisproducedinamonopolisticallycompetitiveindustrywithscaleeconomies.Ifthisindustryexistsintwocountries,andthesetwocountriesengageintradeonewiththeother,thenwewouldexpect
(a) thecountryinwhichthepriceoftheproductislowerwillexporttheproduct.
(b) thecountrywitharelativeabundanceofthefactorofproductioninwhichproductionoftheproductisintensivewillexportthisproduct.
(c) eachofthecountrieswillexportdifferentvarietiesoftheproducttotheother.
(d) neithercountrywillexportthisproductsincethereisnocomparativeadvantage.
28. Thereasonwhyonecountrymayexportaproductwhichisproducedwithpositivescale
economiesis
(a) itslaborproductivitywilltendtobehigher.
(b) itenjoysarelativeabundanceofthefactorintenselyusedintheproduct’sproduction.
(c) itsdemandisbiasedinfavoroftheproduct.
(d) itsdemandisbiasedagainsttheproduct.
29. Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithnoscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofperfectcompetition,arelikelytobeengagedin
(a) monopolisticcompetition.
(b) inter-industrytrade.
(d) Heckscher-Ohlintrade.
30. Twocountriesengagedintradeinproductswithscaleeconomies,producedunderconditionsofmonop